發(fā)布時間：2018-05-14 05:25

  本文選題：刑事強(qiáng)制采樣 + 偵查措施��； 參考：《華東政法大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：刑事強(qiáng)制采樣作為偵查機(jī)關(guān)在司法實(shí)踐中經(jīng)常適用的一種強(qiáng)制性偵查措施，經(jīng)過檢驗(yàn)比對得到的證據(jù)對發(fā)現(xiàn)案件真相有著極其重要的作用。尤其是在現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)與刑事偵查加速接軌的背景下，偵查機(jī)關(guān)對犯罪嫌疑人、被告人、受害人、第三人的毛發(fā)、指紋、血液、體液的采集和鑒定也越來越頻繁。然而，這一趨勢同時也激化了強(qiáng)制采樣過程中偵查機(jī)關(guān)發(fā)現(xiàn)真相、懲罰犯罪與對被采集人基本權(quán)利的保障之間的矛盾。由于刑事強(qiáng)制采樣是對被采樣人的身體權(quán)的直接侵犯，在某些情況下，如需要開刀或是洗胃采取樣本，其對被采樣人的身體健康造成的傷害程度不低于暴力取證、超期羈押。所以強(qiáng)制采樣的合法性應(yīng)由基本法授予，程序應(yīng)當(dāng)受到嚴(yán)格的規(guī)制，否則將會導(dǎo)致偵查人員權(quán)力過分?jǐn)U張，不利于對被采取人的基本權(quán)利保障。鑒此，筆者對我國刑事強(qiáng)制采樣進(jìn)行程序規(guī)制的探討。本文共分為四個部分： 第一章，是對刑事強(qiáng)制采樣基本理論的闡述。對其概念進(jìn)行清晰而合理的界定，是構(gòu)建刑事強(qiáng)制采樣制度的基石。本章節(jié)首先解釋說明刑事強(qiáng)制采樣的概念內(nèi)涵，然后分析其性質(zhì)，再將其與人身檢查搜查、司法鑒定等概念進(jìn)行區(qū)別比較，最后對刑事強(qiáng)制采樣進(jìn)行分類，為后續(xù)的程序啟動和適用提供學(xué)理分類和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 第二章，是對域外刑事強(qiáng)制采樣制度的考察。本文重點(diǎn)介紹了德國、日本、美國、英國的相關(guān)刑事強(qiáng)制采樣制度，并且進(jìn)行比較法評論，分析其共同點(diǎn)、原則，總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，為我國刑事強(qiáng)制采樣制度的構(gòu)建提供合理的參考材料。 第三章，是闡述我國刑事強(qiáng)制采樣現(xiàn)狀。在現(xiàn)有立法、學(xué)術(shù)研究、司法實(shí)踐的基礎(chǔ)上，總結(jié)我國刑事強(qiáng)制采樣存在的問題，如立法規(guī)范粗疏、程序啟動任意、審查程序弱化、監(jiān)督保障缺位等一系列問題。隨后，針對這些問題進(jìn)行了探究，從我國刑事訴訟法重懲罰輕人權(quán)保障的立法、司法思想、查程序法治化滯后、公民維權(quán)的社會成本大以及維權(quán)意識淡薄等角度闡述原因。 第四章，是筆者對建立我國刑事強(qiáng)制采樣程序制度的一些建議。本章節(jié)以刑事強(qiáng)制采樣程序應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循的基本原則為指導(dǎo)，從刑事強(qiáng)制采樣程序的實(shí)施主體、適用對象、適用條件、提取程序四個方面展開闡述筆者的相關(guān)意見和構(gòu)想。刑事強(qiáng)制采樣不僅存在于偵查階段，其同樣適用于裁判階段，同時還必須注意事后權(quán)利救濟(jì)機(jī)制，，因此構(gòu)建完整的刑事強(qiáng)制采樣程序有必要對司法審查、救濟(jì)程序以及相關(guān)配套程序進(jìn)行研究。
[Abstract]:As a kind of compulsory investigation measure, criminal compulsory sampling is often applied by investigation organs in judicial practice. The evidence obtained by checking and comparing plays an extremely important role in discovering the truth of the case. Especially in the background of accelerating modern medical technology and criminal investigation, the collection and identification of the hair, fingerprints, blood and body fluids of suspects, defendants, victims and third persons are more and more frequent. However, this trend also intensifies the contradiction between detecting the truth, punishing the crime and guaranteeing the basic rights of the collected person in the process of compulsory sampling. Because the criminal compulsory sampling is a direct violation of the body right of the sampled person, in some cases, if the operation is needed or the stomach is taken to take the sample, the degree of injury to the physical health of the sampled person is not lower than that of the violent evidence collection, and the detention is extended. Therefore, the legality of compulsory sampling should be granted by the basic Law, and the procedure should be strictly regulated, otherwise, it will lead to the excessive expansion of the power of investigators, which is not conducive to the protection of the basic rights of the adopted persons. In view of this, the author probes into the procedural regulation of compulsory sampling in our country. This paper is divided into four parts: The first chapter is about the basic theory of criminal compulsory sampling. A clear and reasonable definition of the concept is the cornerstone of the criminal compulsory sampling system. This chapter first explains the connotation of the concept of criminal compulsory sampling, then analyzes its nature, then compares it with the concepts of personal inspection and search, judicial identification, and finally classifies the criminal compulsory sampling. To provide theoretical classification and criteria for the initiation and application of subsequent procedures. The second chapter is the investigation of the extraterritorial criminal compulsory sampling system. This paper focuses on the introduction of Germany, Japan, the United States, the United Kingdom, the relevant criminal compulsory sampling system, and carries on the comparative law review, analyzes its common ground, the principle, the summary experience, It provides reasonable reference material for the construction of compulsory sampling system in our country. The third chapter, is to elaborate our country criminal compulsory sampling present situation. On the basis of the existing legislation, academic research and judicial practice, this paper summarizes the problems existing in the compulsory sampling of criminal law in China, such as rudimentary legislation, arbitrary start of procedure, weakening of examination procedure, absence of supervision and guarantee, and so on. Then, this paper probes into these problems, from the point of view of the legislation of the criminal procedure law, the judicial thought, the legal system of the investigation procedure, the large social cost of the citizen's rights protection and the weak consciousness of protecting the rights, and so on. The fourth chapter is the author's suggestion to establish the criminal compulsory sampling procedure system in our country. This chapter is guided by the basic principles that the criminal compulsory sampling procedure should follow, and expounds the author's relevant opinions and ideas from four aspects: the subject of the criminal compulsory sampling procedure, the applicable object, the applicable conditions and the extraction procedure. The criminal compulsory sampling exists not only in the investigation stage, but also in the adjudication stage. At the same time, we must also pay attention to the relief mechanism of the right afterwards, so it is necessary to construct a complete criminal compulsory sampling procedure for judicial review. Relief procedures and related supporting procedures for research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.2

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本文編號：1886551