發(fā)布時間：2018-05-01 02:26

  本文選題：國有控股商業(yè)銀行 + 公司治理��； 參考：《中共中央黨�！�2012年博士論文

【摘要】：健全有效的公司治理是國有控股商業(yè)銀行健康可持續(xù)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)，一個好的公司治理應(yīng)該是能夠適應(yīng)公司所處的外部人文環(huán)境和自身特點，促使其實現(xiàn)科學決策、執(zhí)行有效、監(jiān)督有力，利益相關(guān)者都能獲得最大利益。任何一種公司治理都是由公司內(nèi)外能夠?qū)�公司施加影響的�?quán)利主體構(gòu)成的，這些權(quán)利主體的行為模式和思維習慣實質(zhì)上就構(gòu)成了該種公司治理模式的特點。席卷全球的金融危機促使國際社會對商業(yè)銀行的公司治理進行深刻反思。歐美等發(fā)達國家許多金融行業(yè)的百年老店一夜之間轟然倒塌，曾經(jīng)一度完善的公司治理和內(nèi)部監(jiān)督制衡沒能很好地阻止公司的違規(guī)行為或者預(yù)示到公司的重大危機。痛定思痛，無論是理論界還是實務(wù)界，大家逐漸形成了共識，即公司治理并不存在一個成熟完善的模式，“剎那的光輝不代表永恒”，公司治理尤其是商業(yè)銀行的公司治理需要跟隨形勢的發(fā)展變化不斷加以改進和完善，需要和外部經(jīng)濟金融環(huán)境的變化和公司自身的發(fā)展“相時而動”。本文以中國國有控股商業(yè)銀行公司治理為研究對象，努力挖掘影響國有控股商業(yè)銀行公司治理外部和內(nèi)部的主要因素，對中國國有控股商業(yè)銀行公司治理的一些本質(zhì)特征和特殊矛盾進行剖析，針對中國國有控股商業(yè)銀行公司內(nèi)部治理和外部治理存在的種種問題，提出通過構(gòu)建良好的外部治理制度環(huán)境和改善內(nèi)部治理運作方式等，不斷推動完善國有控股商業(yè)銀行的公司治理。 本文的研究注重理論與實踐相結(jié)合，尤其注重總結(jié)中國國有控股商業(yè)銀行實施股份制改造幾年來在建立健全公司治理方面的探索和實踐經(jīng)驗，力圖提出有針對性的意見和建議。論文除引言外，共分八章: 引言是論文的整體介紹與導(dǎo)讀部分，主要從選題背景與意義、研究思路和方法等對論文進行整體性介紹和導(dǎo)讀。 第一章是關(guān)于公司治理的內(nèi)涵。本章重點探討公司治理的涵義和功能解析，論文的創(chuàng)新之處在于提出公司治理有內(nèi)部治理和外部治理之分。本章還闡述了公司治理的一些代表性理論，并分析了公司治理和控制、管理的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系，包括公司治理與公司可持續(xù)發(fā)展的關(guān)系等。 第二、三章闡述現(xiàn)代商業(yè)銀行的外部和內(nèi)部治理架構(gòu)。重點介紹了作為公司特殊形式的現(xiàn)代商業(yè)銀行的外部和內(nèi)部治理架構(gòu)的構(gòu)成與功能分析。在外部治理結(jié)構(gòu)中，重點對東西方人文思想的差異進行了比較分析；關(guān)于內(nèi)部治理結(jié)構(gòu)，中國國有控股商業(yè)銀行除建立了現(xiàn)代商業(yè)銀行公司內(nèi)部治理所共有的股東大會、董事會、獨立董事、監(jiān)事會和高級管理層等，還有中國特色的黨委會、職代會等。第三章最后還對國際監(jiān)管機構(gòu)對穩(wěn)健商業(yè)銀行公司治理的幾個原則與特征進行了介紹。論文的主要創(chuàng)新觀點就是，無論是外部治理結(jié)構(gòu)還是內(nèi)部治理結(jié)構(gòu)，公司治理都具有鮮明的地域特征。 第四章首先論述了作為公司特殊形式的商業(yè)銀行公司治理的特殊性，然后分別介紹了英美、德日以及亞洲國家（主要是新加坡）商業(yè)銀行公司治理結(jié)構(gòu)的顯著特點，包括內(nèi)外部治理的結(jié)構(gòu)和體制特征等，從中提出可供我國商業(yè)銀行尤其是國有控股商業(yè)銀行內(nèi)外部治理借鑒的內(nèi)容。本章最后介紹了商業(yè)銀行公司治理的新動向。隨著經(jīng)濟全球化和金融市場一體化，商業(yè)銀行的公司治理模式逐漸趨同，次貸危機也促使各方對國際商業(yè)銀行的公司治理模式進行深入反思，各國的商業(yè)銀行也越來越重視完善公司治理。 第五、六章通過闡述中國國有控股商業(yè)銀行公司治理的發(fā)展歷程、內(nèi)部治理和外部治理取得的進展以及存在的問題等，對中國國有控股商業(yè)銀行的公司內(nèi)外部治理結(jié)構(gòu)進行深入剖析。同時概括了中國國有控股商業(yè)銀行公司治理的本質(zhì)特征，包括國有控股商業(yè)銀行實施股份制改造，建立健全公司治理結(jié)構(gòu)過程中所形成的一些基本特征以及存在的幾個突出矛盾。 第七、八章對如何完善中國國有控股商業(yè)銀行外部治理和內(nèi)部治理提出建議和思考。 本文的主要觀點和結(jié)論： 1.從控制到治理，涉及到管理的固有觀念以及責權(quán)利相匹配的問題。健全的公司治理要求公司的各個權(quán)利主體要盡責、盡權(quán)，在行使自身權(quán)利的同時也要為公司長期可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供支持和保障，不能為了行使權(quán)利而為所欲為。良好的治理模式要實現(xiàn)我們黨所說的民主集中制，既有利益相關(guān)者的共同參與，也有重大決策的相對集中，從而保障公司的權(quán)利與責任系統(tǒng)良性運轉(zhuǎn)，始終處于正確的發(fā)展軌道。 2.公司治理是內(nèi)部治理和外部治理的有機統(tǒng)一體，內(nèi)部治理和外部治理的關(guān)系應(yīng)當是相互關(guān)聯(lián)、互為促進的。外部治理是內(nèi)部治理的基礎(chǔ)，雖然處于相對被動的地位，但它是公司治理結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)條件和首要前提，其作用在于使公司經(jīng)營活動時刻面臨外界評價的壓力，促使公司經(jīng)營者行為自律。內(nèi)部治理則是外部治理的延伸，它是根據(jù)外部治理的條件所產(chǎn)生的公司內(nèi)部的根本性制度安排，它在整個公司治理體系中處于相對核心的地位，其作用就是通過恰當?shù)臋C制促使公司內(nèi)部治理各個權(quán)利架構(gòu)規(guī)范活動。 3.隨著現(xiàn)代公司的日益發(fā)展壯大，單純股東治理的缺陷逐步顯現(xiàn)，同時各方面對公司社會責任的要求日益強化，利益相關(guān)者在公司治理中的地位越來越多地得到重視。利益相關(guān)者共同參與治理是公司治理發(fā)展的必然趨勢，網(wǎng)絡(luò)等新經(jīng)濟的興起也使各利益相關(guān)者得以更全面地參與公司治理。政府、銀行、中介機構(gòu)及社會公眾等外部利益相關(guān)者日益成為公司外部治理的重要組成部分，他們積極關(guān)注并廣泛參與上市公司的治理，逐漸成為外部市場監(jiān)控的重要補充。 4.內(nèi)部治理結(jié)構(gòu)主要指公司內(nèi)部通過組織程序所明確的股東大會、董事會、監(jiān)事會和高級經(jīng)理層等公司內(nèi)部權(quán)利架構(gòu)之間的利益分配和權(quán)利制衡關(guān)系。無論是相關(guān)法律法規(guī)，還是公司章程、董事會和監(jiān)事會議事規(guī)則等公司內(nèi)部制度都對公司內(nèi)部權(quán)利架構(gòu)的職責和義務(wù)做出明確規(guī)定。作為公司外部治理架構(gòu)的延伸和內(nèi)生性制度安排，內(nèi)部治理在具有更多共性機構(gòu)的同時，由于權(quán)利主體行為的差異，也往往帶有一國治理模式的特殊性。 5.作為國有控股商業(yè)銀行，更加需要有一個良好的外部治理環(huán)境，改善國有控股商業(yè)銀行的治理與改善政府的公共治理及推進政府改革是分不開的。其目的是要形成一套適應(yīng)于市場發(fā)展趨勢的治理結(jié)構(gòu)和管理體制，這種改革的有效性在很大程度上取決于政府能否以積極和明智的方式行使所有者職權(quán)。國家在國有控股商業(yè)銀行公司治理中應(yīng)該扮演一個明智的、負責的和積極進取的所有者角色。 6.國有控股商業(yè)銀行的公司治理不僅取決于國家經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平、商業(yè)銀行發(fā)展階段和一國市場經(jīng)濟的發(fā)育程度等因素，還與該國的政治制度、人文思想、行為模式等非經(jīng)濟因素密切相關(guān)，具有一國的特色和個性特征，并不存在放之四海而皆準的公司治理模式。各國由于自身的體制和國情等千差萬別，公司治理面臨的問題不盡相同，都需要結(jié)合自身所處的發(fā)展階段，在長期實踐過程中不斷探索完善。尤其是國有控股商業(yè)銀行，脫胎于一般的國有企業(yè)，一開始就肩負著非常特別的任務(wù)，面臨特殊的環(huán)境和矛盾關(guān)系。如何在遵循現(xiàn)代公司治理一般原則，又不脫離中國國情的基礎(chǔ)上，探索將國有控股商業(yè)銀行面臨的特殊困難轉(zhuǎn)化為有利優(yōu)勢，需要深入解決一些根本性的體制障礙問題。 7.百年不遇的金融危機表明，國際上不同股權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)下的公司治理模式有所不同，各有特點和利弊。公司治理模式的差異緣于多方面因素，并受不同的政治、經(jīng)濟、法制、文化等環(huán)境因素的綜合影響，沒有絕對標桿性的公司治理模式，，也沒有一種永恒不變的固定模式。作為中國金融體系中的特殊機構(gòu)，國有控股商業(yè)銀行的公司治理應(yīng)當是一個動態(tài)和持續(xù)完善的過程。我們應(yīng)當在深入分析自身內(nèi)外部治理缺陷的基礎(chǔ)上，認真研究探索國有控股商業(yè)銀行公司治理運行的規(guī)律，促進國有控股商業(yè)銀行決策科學、監(jiān)督有效、執(zhí)行有力的公司治理結(jié)構(gòu)的形成，為國有控股銀行實現(xiàn)科學發(fā)展提供強有力的保障。 本文的創(chuàng)新與貢獻： 一是過去的公司治理研究主要偏重公司治理模式的研究，很少從影響公司治理的內(nèi)外部因素入手。本文在認識公司治理本質(zhì)含義的基礎(chǔ)上，從公司治理的內(nèi)外部影響因素入手，將影響公司治理的人文思想、行為模式以及出資人體制等有機結(jié)合起來，從而使公司治理研究的范圍有所拓展和深化。 二是學術(shù)界偏重公司治理的內(nèi)部架構(gòu)問題，而忽略了公司治理的外部環(huán)境。本文認為公司治理是外部治理和內(nèi)部治理的有機結(jié)合體，偏廢任何一方都會造成公司治理研究的缺陷。 三是從公司的外部治理出發(fā)，研究了國有控股商業(yè)銀行面臨的外部治理要素。在國有控股商業(yè)銀行公司治理結(jié)構(gòu)中，國有資本出資人體制，控股權(quán)的取舍以及關(guān)于公司治理的相關(guān)法律制度體系等等都需要因應(yīng)國有控股商業(yè)銀行改革發(fā)展的變化而不斷加以研究和完善。 四是從實踐經(jīng)驗出發(fā)，深入剖析了國有控股商業(yè)銀行公司內(nèi)部治理架構(gòu)，包括加強董事會的決策職能，強化監(jiān)事會的監(jiān)督職能，處理好制衡與效率的關(guān)系以及更好地發(fā)揮黨委會、職代會等特色內(nèi)部治理結(jié)構(gòu)的功能作用等。 五是圍繞國有控股商業(yè)銀行公司治理的現(xiàn)實和迫切問題，就如何完善公司治理、推進公司治理功能作用的有效實現(xiàn)做了探討，提出了有針對性的建議，力圖對實踐工作有所幫助和指導(dǎo)。 本文的局限性： 公司治理問題是一個持續(xù)完善的事物，需要根據(jù)形勢的發(fā)展變化不斷改進。由于對相關(guān)知識缺乏系統(tǒng)的研究，加上作者的實踐經(jīng)驗還很有限，本文對公司治理問題的研究可能缺乏系統(tǒng)性，某些觀點表述可能不夠清晰。尤其是有利于公司治理的政治法律制度建設(shè)、作為公司治理主體經(jīng)濟人的行為模式等的研究需要對政治制度、法律體系等領(lǐng)域有更深的思考和研究，作者提出的一些觀點和意見還有待理論的支持和實踐的檢驗。在現(xiàn)有體制下，如何營造國有控股商業(yè)銀行公司治理的良好外部環(huán)境，充分發(fā)揮內(nèi)部監(jiān)督制衡作用等問題尚需結(jié)合實際進一步深入研究。作者將本著科學務(wù)實的精神和態(tài)度，在今后的工作和學習中繼續(xù)不斷開展研究和探索。
[Abstract]:The sound and effective corporate governance is the basis of the healthy and sustainable development of the state-owned holding commercial banks. A good corporate governance should be able to adapt to the external humanistic environment and own characteristics of the company, to promote its scientific decision-making, effective implementation, strong supervision, and the best interests of the stakeholders. Any kind of corporate governance All of them are composed of the rights subject which can influence the company both inside and outside the company. The behavior patterns and thinking habits of these rights bodies constitute the characteristics of the corporate governance model in essence. The global financial crisis has prompted the international community to reflect on the corporate governance of commercial banks. One hundred years old stores in the financial industry collapsed overnight, and the once perfect corporate governance and internal supervision and balance failed to prevent the company's irregularities well or foreshadowed the major crisis of the company. A perfect model, "a flash of brilliance does not represent eternity", corporate governance, especially the corporate governance of commercial banks, needs to be improved and perfected by the development and changes of the situation, and the change of the external economic and financial environment and the development of the company itself. This article is based on the governance of the Chinese state-owned holding commercial bank. In order to study the main factors that affect the external and internal governance of the state-owned holding commercial banks, this paper analyzes the essential characteristics and special contradictions of the corporate governance of the state-owned holding commercial banks in China, and puts forward the various problems existing in the internal governance and external governance of the state-owned holding commercial banks in China. Building a good external governance system environment and improving internal governance operation mode, and constantly promote the improvement of state-owned commercial banks' corporate governance.
This study pays more attention to the combination of theory and practice. It pays special attention to summarizing the exploration and practical experience of China's state-owned holding commercial banks in the establishment and improvement of corporate governance in the past few years, trying to put forward pertinent opinions and suggestions. Besides the introduction, the thesis is divided into eight chapters.
The introduction is the introduction and introduction part of the thesis. It mainly introduces the background and significance of the topic, and the research ideas and methods.
The first chapter is about the connotation of corporate governance. This chapter focuses on the analysis of the meaning and function of corporate governance. The innovation of this chapter lies in the point that the corporate governance has internal and external governance. This chapter also expounds some representative theories of corporate governance, and analyzes the corporate governance and control, the difference and connection of management, including the management and management. The relationship between corporate governance and the sustainable development of the company.
The second, third chapter expounds the external and internal governance structure of modern commercial banks. It focuses on the analysis of the structure and function of the external and internal governance structures of modern commercial banks as a special form of the company. In the external governance structure, the emphasis is on the comparative analysis of the differences between the East and the west, and the internal governance structure. The state-owned holding commercial banks have established the common shareholders' meeting, the board of directors, the independent directors, the supervisory board and the senior management, as well as the Party committee with Chinese characteristics, and the functional meeting of the modern commercial banks. In the third chapter, several principles and characteristics of the international regulatory agency on the corporate governance of stable commercial banks are also made. The main innovative point of the paper is that corporate governance has distinct regional characteristics, both external governance structure and internal governance structure.
The fourth chapter first discusses the particularity of corporate governance in the special form of the company, and then introduces the remarkable characteristics of the corporate governance structure of the British and American, Germany and Japan and the Asian countries (mainly Singapore), including the structure and institutional characteristics of the internal and external governance, which can be provided for the commercial banks of our country in particular. This chapter introduces the new trend of corporate governance in commercial banks at the end of this chapter. With the economic globalization and financial market integration, the corporate governance model of commercial banks gradually converges, and the subprime crisis has also prompted the various parties to reflect on the corporate governance model of the international commercial banks. Commercial banks in China also pay more and more attention to improving corporate governance.
The fifth, sixth chapter analyzes the development process of the corporate governance of the state-owned holding commercial banks in China, the progress of internal governance and external governance and the existing problems, and analyzes the internal and external governance structure of the state-owned holding commercial banks in China. At the same time, the essence of the corporate governance of the state-owned holding commercial banks in China is summarized. Characteristics, including the reform of the shareholding system by the state-owned holding commercial banks, the basic features formed in the process of establishing and improving the corporate governance structure and several outstanding contradictions.
The seventh, eighth chapter puts forward suggestions on how to improve the external governance and internal governance of state-owned commercial banks in China.
The main points and conclusions of this article are as follows:
1. from control to governance, it involves the inherent concept of management and the matching of responsibility and responsibility. Sound corporate governance requires the various rights subjects of the company to do their duty and to do their right. While exercising their own rights, they should also provide support and guarantee for the long-term sustainable development of the company. The model should realize the democratic centralism that our party said, with the participation of the stakeholders and the relative concentration of major decisions, so as to ensure the sound operation of the right and responsibility system of the company, and always in the correct track of development.
2. corporate governance is the organic unity of internal governance and external governance. The relationship between internal governance and external governance should be interrelated and mutually promoted. External governance is the basis of internal governance. Although it is in a relatively passive position, it is the basic piece of corporate governance and the primary premise, and its role is to make the company operating. The dynamic time is facing the pressure of external evaluation to promote the self-discipline of the company operators. Internal governance is the extension of external governance. It is the fundamental institutional arrangement within the company based on the conditions of external governance. It is in the relative core position in the whole corporate governance system, and its role is to promote the public through the proper mechanism. Internal management of various rights framework activities.
3. with the growing development of modern companies, the defects of simple shareholder governance are gradually emerging, and the demands for corporate social responsibility are increasingly strengthened in all aspects. The status of stakeholders in corporate governance is becoming more and more important. The common participation of stakeholders in governance is the inevitable trend of the development of corporate governance, and the new economy, such as the network. The rise also makes the stakeholders participate in corporate governance more comprehensively. The external stakeholders, such as the government, the bank, the intermediary and the public, have become an important part of the external governance of the company. They are actively concerned and extensively involved in the governance of the listed companies, and are gradually becoming an important supplement to the monitoring of the external market.
4. the internal governance structure mainly refers to the distribution of interests and the balance of rights between the shareholders' meeting, the board of directors, the board of supervisors and the senior manager level, as defined by the organizational procedure, and the internal system of the company, whether related to the relevant laws and regulations, the articles of association, the board of directors and the rules of the board of supervisors, etc. The responsibilities and obligations of the internal rights framework of the company are clearly defined. As an extension and endogenous institutional arrangement of the external governance structure of the company, internal governance has more common institutions, while the differences in the behavior of the rights subject often have the special character of a state governance model.
5. as a state-owned holding commercial bank, it is more necessary to have a good external governance environment, to improve the governance of the state-owned commercial banks and to improve the government's public governance and to promote the reform of the government. The purpose is to form a set of governance structures and management systems adapted to the trend of the market development, and the effectiveness of this reform. To a large extent depends on whether the government can exercise the power of the owner in a positive and wise way. The state should play a wise, responsible and aggressive owner role in the governance of the state-owned holding commercial bank.
6. the corporate governance of state-owned holding commercial banks not only depends on the level of national economic development, the development stage of commercial banks and the development degree of a country's market economy, but also closely related to the non economic factors such as the political system, the humanistic thought and the behavior pattern of the country, and has the characteristics and characteristics of a country and does not exist in the four seas. The corporate governance model is all right. All countries are different because of their own system and national conditions. The problems facing the corporate governance are not the same. They all need to combine their own development stage and continue to explore and improve in the long term practice. Special tasks are faced with special environment and contradiction relations. How to follow the general principles of modern corporate governance, and on the basis of China's national conditions, to explore the transformation of the special difficulties faced by the state-owned holding commercial banks into favorable advantages, and to solve some fundamental institutional obstacles in depth.
The 7. unmet financial crisis shows that the corporate governance model under different ownership structures in the world has different characteristics and advantages and disadvantages. The difference of corporate governance model is due to various factors, and is influenced by different political, economic, legal and cultural environmental factors, and there is no absolute benchmarking model of corporate governance. As a special institution in the Chinese financial system, the corporate governance of the state-owned holding commercial banks should be a dynamic and continuous improvement process. On the basis of in-depth analysis of internal and external governance defects, we should conscientiously study and explore the law of the management of the corporate governance of the state-owned holding commercial banks. The decision science of the state-owned holding commercial banks, the effective supervision and the formation of strong corporate governance structure will provide a strong guarantee for the state holding banks to realize the scientific development.
The innovation and contribution of this article:
First, the research of corporate governance in the past mainly focuses on the research of corporate governance model, and rarely starts with the internal and external factors that affect corporate governance. On the basis of understanding the essence of corporate governance, this paper starts with the internal and external factors of corporate governance, and has the humanistic thoughts, behavior patterns and capital contribution system that affect corporate governance. With the combination of machines, the scope of corporate governance research has been expanded and deepened.
The two is that the academic circle emphasizes the internal structure of corporate governance, but neglects the external environment of corporate governance. This paper holds that corporate governance is an organic combination of external governance and internal governance, and that any side will cause the defect of corporate governance research.
Three, starting from the external governance of the company, this paper studies the external governance elements of the state-owned holding commercial banks. In the corporate governance structure of the state-owned holding commercial banks, the human system of capital contribution to the state-owned capital, the choice of the controlling right and the relevant legal system of the corporate governance are all required for the reform of the state-owned holding commercial banks. The changes in the exhibition are constantly studied and perfected.
Four, from the practical experience, the internal governance structure of the state-owned holding commercial bank is deeply analyzed, including strengthening the board of directors' decision-making function, strengthening the supervisory function of the board of supervisors, dealing with the relationship between the balance and efficiency, and giving full play to the function function of the internal governance structure of the Party committee and the professional meeting.
The five is around the realistic and urgent problems of corporate governance of state holding commercial banks, and how to improve corporate governance and promote the function of corporate governance.

【學位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F832.33

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前1條

1 張雷;沈陽市國有商業(yè)銀行公共服務(wù)職能建設(shè)的問題及對策研究[D];沈陽師范大學;2014年

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