發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-12 08:34

【摘要】：高大空間建筑作為一種重要的建筑形式廣泛應(yīng)用于建筑設(shè)計(jì)中,如候車廳、航站樓、禮堂等,其建筑規(guī)模大、空間高、結(jié)構(gòu)特殊、火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性高,對(duì)火災(zāi)的預(yù)防和救援提出了新的要求�；馂�(zāi)煙氣溫升會(huì)影響建筑結(jié)構(gòu)安全、人員疏散、滅火救援等,且火災(zāi)發(fā)展是確定性與隨機(jī)性共存的過程,但其隨機(jī)性并非雜亂無章、毫無規(guī)律的,火災(zāi)發(fā)展過程的隨機(jī)性因素一般會(huì)遵循一定的統(tǒng)計(jì)規(guī)律。因此,研究高大空間建筑在火災(zāi)隨機(jī)性作用下的煙氣溫升有重要實(shí)際意義。本文首先采用方差分析方法,研究了多種因素對(duì)高大空間煙氣溫升的影響顯著性大小。結(jié)果表明,對(duì)高大空間煙氣溫度影響最為顯著的因素為火源功率,在隨機(jī)性分析中,應(yīng)重點(diǎn)分析影響火源功率的參數(shù)隨機(jī)性�；�于火災(zāi)動(dòng)力學(xué)理論和實(shí)體火災(zāi)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了高大空間煙氣溫升特性,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明在火源中心線區(qū)域,火焰區(qū)溫度波動(dòng)幅度大于羽流區(qū),浮力羽流區(qū)隨著羽流高度的增加,溫度逐漸降低。在頂棚射流區(qū)域,隨著空間點(diǎn)遠(yuǎn)離火源中心線,煙氣溫度呈現(xiàn)不斷降低趨勢(shì),具有明顯的非均勻分布特征。同時(shí),根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,驗(yàn)證了參數(shù)化溫升模型在預(yù)測(cè)高大空間火災(zāi)煙氣溫升方面的適用性。在進(jìn)行高大空間溫升隨機(jī)性分析時(shí),將影響溫升的各參數(shù)分為確定性參數(shù)和隨機(jī)性參數(shù),研究了隨機(jī)性參數(shù)分布概率密度函數(shù)。通過調(diào)研得出車站類高大空間建筑火災(zāi)荷載密度服從正態(tài)分布,通過資料查閱與分析,得出材料可燃性系數(shù)服從均勻分布,火災(zāi)過火面積和火災(zāi)增長系數(shù)服從對(duì)數(shù)正態(tài)分布。根據(jù)隨機(jī)性參數(shù)概率分布,采用拉丁超立方抽樣法確定隨機(jī)性場(chǎng)景組,分析了最大熱釋放速率、火源等效直徑、火源中心線最高溫升的均值、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差、概率密度(PDF)、累積概率(CDF)等。得出火源中心線最高溫升服從對(duì)數(shù)正態(tài)分布,對(duì)數(shù)均值5.8697,對(duì)數(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差0.31396,擬合得到了火源中心線最高溫升概率密度函數(shù)。通過抽樣分析研究了距火源中心線不同距離處煙氣最高溫升概率分布,得出最高溫升服從對(duì)數(shù)正態(tài)分布,擬合得到各距離處最高溫升概率密度函數(shù)。通過案例分析,說明了高大空間煙氣溫升概率分布研究在建筑火災(zāi)安全評(píng)價(jià)中的應(yīng)用。根據(jù)臨界溫度判據(jù),對(duì)高大空間鋼結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件失效概率進(jìn)行分析,得到案例中鋼結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件的失效概率。為了方便地進(jìn)行不同面積、高度、火災(zāi)荷載的建筑煙氣溫升概率分布抽樣計(jì)算與分析,開發(fā)了“基于火災(zāi)隨機(jī)性的高大空間煙氣溫升及結(jié)構(gòu)失效分析”程序。
[Abstract]:As an important architectural form, tall space architecture is widely used in architectural design, such as waiting hall, terminal building, auditorium and so on. It has large scale, high space, special structure and high fire risk. New requirements are put forward for fire prevention and rescue. Fire smoke temperature rise will affect the building structure safety, personnel evacuation, fire rescue and so on, and the fire development is a process of certainty and randomness, but its randomness is not random and irregular. The random factors in the process of fire development generally follow a certain statistical law. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the smoke temperature rise of tall space buildings under the action of fire randomness. In this paper, the influence of various factors on flue gas temperature rise in large space was studied by means of variance analysis. The results show that the most significant factor affecting the flue gas temperature in large space is the power of the fire source. In the randomness analysis, the randomness of the parameters affecting the power of the fire source should be emphasized. Based on the theory of fire dynamics and solid fire experiments, the characteristics of flue gas temperature rise in large space are studied. The experimental results show that the temperature fluctuation in the flame zone is greater than that in the plume zone, and the buoyancy plume region increases with the plume height. The temperature is decreasing gradually. In the roof jet area, with the space point far away from the central line of the fire source, the flue gas temperature shows a decreasing trend, with obvious non-uniform distribution characteristics. At the same time, according to the experimental results, the applicability of parameterized temperature rise model in predicting fire smoke temperature rise in large space is verified. In the analysis of the randomness of temperature rise in large space, the parameters affecting temperature rise are divided into deterministic parameters and random parameters, and the probability density function of random parameter distribution is studied. Through investigation and investigation, the normal distribution of fire load density clothing for tall and large space buildings of station type is obtained. Through the reference and analysis of data, the uniform distribution of material flammability coefficient, the logarithmic normal distribution of fire overfire area and fire growth coefficient clothing are obtained. According to the probability distribution of random parameters, the random scene group is determined by Latin hypercube sampling method. The maximum heat release rate, the equivalent diameter of the fire source, the mean value and standard deviation of the highest temperature rise in the center line of the fire source are analyzed. Probability density (PDF), cumulative probability (CDF) et al. The logarithmic normal distribution of the highest temperature rising clothes of the central line of the fire source, the logarithmic mean 5.8697 and the logarithmic standard deviation of 0.31396 are obtained. The probability density function of the highest temperature rise of the central line of the fire source is obtained by fitting. The probability distribution of maximum temperature rise of flue gas at different distances from the central line of fire source is studied by sampling analysis. The maximum temperature rise probability density function is obtained by fitting the logarithmic normal distribution of maximum temperature rise. The application of probability distribution of flue gas temperature rise in building fire safety evaluation is illustrated by case analysis. According to the critical temperature criterion, the failure probability of steel structure members in large space is analyzed, and the failure probability of steel structure members in the case is obtained. In order to conveniently calculate and analyze the probability distribution of flue gas temperature rise in buildings with different area, height and fire load, a program of "smoke temperature rise and structural failure analysis based on the randomness of fire" was developed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU998.1;TU834

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