發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-16 16:49

【摘要】：對(duì)于效率的研究既是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的核心問(wèn)題，同時(shí)也是當(dāng)今我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行改革中所重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的課題。而商業(yè)銀行作為一個(gè)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)體系中最重要的金融機(jī)構(gòu)之一，無(wú)論是在在證券市場(chǎng)還是在整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體系中都占據(jù)著舉足輕重的地位。而商業(yè)銀行效率是商業(yè)銀行在經(jīng)營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)中，其投入與產(chǎn)出或者說(shuō)是成本與收益之間的對(duì)比關(guān)系。對(duì)于研究商業(yè)銀行效率的意義主要有兩個(gè)方面： 第一，作為金融業(yè)的支柱，商業(yè)銀行的效率反映的是商業(yè)銀行業(yè)的經(jīng)營(yíng)與資源利用情況。而商業(yè)銀行的穩(wěn)固和發(fā)展對(duì)我國(guó)金融業(yè)的發(fā)展具有重要意義。對(duì)于商業(yè)銀行自身來(lái)說(shuō),其效率的高低與否不僅直接關(guān)系著銀行自身的發(fā)展，而且也是商業(yè)銀行自身競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的直接表現(xiàn)，同時(shí)也是商業(yè)銀行自身實(shí)現(xiàn)資源優(yōu)化配置和防范金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的核心。所以，商業(yè)銀行效率對(duì)于銀行業(yè)的發(fā)展與穩(wěn)定、銀行自身核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的提高、經(jīng)營(yíng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的降低以及經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的促進(jìn)都具有重要意義。 第二，作為國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)晴雨表的商業(yè)銀行與一個(gè)國(guó)家的國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展具有密切關(guān)系。國(guó)家金融監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)通過(guò)對(duì)商業(yè)銀行效率的分析，可以從中了解商業(yè)銀行的資源利用程度，并針對(duì)此制定出相關(guān)金融監(jiān)管法規(guī)，這些有利于資源在商業(yè)銀行業(yè)內(nèi)部得到有效配置和利用。 在對(duì)我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行效率效率研究的文獻(xiàn)中，開(kāi)始時(shí)主要運(yùn)用了效率前沿分析法，分析了商業(yè)銀行的所有權(quán)以及市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)等方面內(nèi)容。在方法和模型的選擇上也是多運(yùn)用非參數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)包絡(luò)分析法以及參數(shù)隨機(jī)前沿分析法兩種方法。數(shù)據(jù)包絡(luò)分析法主要側(cè)重于投入要素的技術(shù)效率和規(guī)模效率方面，，旨在將生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)方面完善到最優(yōu)狀態(tài)；隨機(jī)前沿分析法主要側(cè)重于投入要素的利潤(rùn)效率以及成本效率，其旨在將生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)地經(jīng)濟(jì)方面完善到最優(yōu)。 根據(jù)對(duì)現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)的研究，本文發(fā)現(xiàn)存在一些尚待完善和優(yōu)化的地方，主要有：第一，在商業(yè)銀行屬性上籠統(tǒng)地定性其的性質(zhì)和功能，多是將商業(yè)銀行局限在企業(yè)層面，這就容易造成在指標(biāo)的選取上不能完整地反映銀行的特有性質(zhì)。第二，研究學(xué)者在定義效率概念和類別時(shí)分歧較多，甚至有些研究沒(méi)有將效率的內(nèi)涵講清楚。第三，有些文獻(xiàn)在使用數(shù)據(jù)包絡(luò)分析法研究效率的時(shí)候，容易將原本所測(cè)得的相對(duì)效率值盲目地用在跨期比較上來(lái)。 基于以上原因，在認(rèn)真閱讀并分析了國(guó)內(nèi)外有關(guān)銀行效率的研究文獻(xiàn)，同時(shí)考慮了數(shù)據(jù)的可獲得性、樣本銀行的代表性和可比性等因素，分析了影響我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行效率的因素，采用了Tobit回歸模型進(jìn)行實(shí)證研究。之后選取了我國(guó)13家商業(yè)銀行作為研究樣本，分別運(yùn)用DEA方法和Malmquist指數(shù)對(duì)我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行做了比較，分析了自2004年至2010年以來(lái)我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行的技術(shù)效率、純技術(shù)效率以及規(guī)模效率變化趨勢(shì)及差距情況。 研究結(jié)果表明：造成我國(guó)國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行技術(shù)效率下降的主要因素是國(guó)有銀行具有無(wú)效的規(guī)模效率；與此同時(shí)，我國(guó)國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行還存在著規(guī)模報(bào)酬下降的趨勢(shì)，而在股份制商業(yè)銀行之中則同時(shí)存在著不變的規(guī)模報(bào)酬或是遞增的規(guī)模報(bào)酬現(xiàn)象。具體地說(shuō)，制約我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行發(fā)展的主要問(wèn)題是業(yè)務(wù)收入大多為較單一的存款與貸款利息之差，中間業(yè)務(wù)與表外業(yè)務(wù)的所占比重較小以及在技術(shù)創(chuàng)新方面能力較弱，不利于促進(jìn)效率的提高；國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行更是由于受制于體制和機(jī)制原因，缺乏先進(jìn)性的經(jīng)營(yíng)管理理念以及對(duì)高層次人才的引進(jìn)和培養(yǎng)。同時(shí)，本文也提出了一些建議：在技術(shù)問(wèn)題方面主要是對(duì)先進(jìn)信息技術(shù)的開(kāi)發(fā)利用，同時(shí)要注重引進(jìn)和培養(yǎng)高層次人才；在配置問(wèn)題方面著力強(qiáng)化對(duì)經(jīng)營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)產(chǎn)品的創(chuàng)新同時(shí)逐漸加大對(duì)金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的防范和控制力度；在規(guī)模問(wèn)題方面，商業(yè)銀行要根據(jù)自身的特點(diǎn)靈活地制定出適合自身發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)，適時(shí)地規(guī)劃經(jīng)營(yíng)規(guī)模，同時(shí)對(duì)內(nèi)部管理結(jié)構(gòu)以及人才應(yīng)用上進(jìn)行改進(jìn)和優(yōu)化。
[Abstract]:The research of efficiency is not only the core issue of economics, but also the focus of our country's commercial bank reform. As one of the most important financial institutions in a country's economic system, the commercial bank plays an important role in the securities market or the whole economic system. The efficiency of commercial banks is the contrast between the input and output of commercial banks and the cost and income. There are two main ways to study the efficiency of commercial banks: First, as the pillar of the financial industry, the efficiency of commercial banks reflects the operation and resource utilization of commercial banks The stability and development of commercial banks is of great importance to the development of China's financial industry To the commercial bank itself, the efficiency is not only directly related to the development of the bank itself, but also the direct performance of the commercial bank's own competitiveness, and it is also the commercial bank's own realization of the resource optimization configuration and the prevention of financial risk Therefore, the efficiency of commercial banks is important to the development and stability of the banking industry, the improvement of the core competitiveness of the banks, the reduction of operational risks and the promotion of economic growth Meaning: Second, as a barometer of national economic barometer, commercial banks and a national economic development tool There is a close relationship. Through the analysis of the efficiency of the commercial banks, the state financial supervision institutions can understand the level of utilization of the resources of the commercial banks, and formulate relevant financial supervision regulations for the commercial banks, which are beneficial to the efficient use of resources inside the commercial bank industry. Configuration and utilization. In the literature on the efficiency efficiency of commercial banks in our country, the efficiency frontier analysis method was used to analyze the ownership of commercial banks and the market. In the selection of methods and models, the non-parametric data envelopment analysis method and the parameters are also used in the selection of the method and the model The data envelopment analysis mainly focuses on the technical efficiency and scale efficiency of the input factors, and aims at perfecting the technology of the production system to the optimal state, and the stochastic frontier analysis mainly focuses on the profit of the input element. Efficiency and cost efficiency, designed to systematically pass production According to the research of the existing literature, this paper finds that there are some areas that are still to be improved and optimized. Commercial banks are limited at the enterprise level, which can be easily caused by the choice of indicators Land preparation reflects the specific nature of the bank. Second, the researchers disagree over the definition of efficiency concepts and categories, and even some research There is no clear meaning of efficiency. Third, some documents tend to easily compare the relative efficiency values that were originally measured when using the data envelopment analysis method to study the efficiency Based on the above reasons, the research literature on bank efficiency at home and abroad is carefully read and analyzed, and the factors such as availability of data, representativeness and comparability of sample banks, etc. are taken into account. The factors affecting the efficiency of commercial banks in China are analyzed, and T By using DEA method and Malmquist index to compare our commercial banks, the technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency of commercial banks in China since 2004 to 2010 were analyzed. The research results show that the main factor contributing to the decline of technical efficiency of state-owned commercial banks is the inefficient scale efficiency of state-owned banks; meanwhile, China's state-owned commercial banks Commercial banks also have a tendency to decline in scale, while in a joint-stock commercial bank, there is no In particular, the main problem that restricts the development of commercial banks in China is that the business income is mostly the difference between the single deposit and the loan interest, the proportion of the intermediate business and the external business is small, The weak ability of state-owned commercial banks is not conducive to the promotion of efficiency, but the state-owned commercial banks are also limited by the institutional and institutional reasons, and the lack of advanced management At the same time, the paper also puts forward some suggestions on the development of advanced information technology in the aspect of technology. At the same time, we should pay more attention to the introduction and cultivation of high-level talents; in the aspect of allocation, we should strengthen the innovation of business products and gradually increase the prevention and control of financial risks; in the aspect of scale, commercial banks should flexibly formulate themselves according to their own characteristics The strategic objective of development, the scale of business planning and operation, and the management of internal pipes at the same time
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F832.33

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