發(fā)布時間：2018-03-07 07:52

  本文選題：農民　切入點：收入差距　出處：《云南財經大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：本文以云南省為例,基于云南省歷年統(tǒng)計年鑒的各市、各州以及縣級數據,采用基尼系數和加權變異系數法度量了云南省內部和按方位劃分的滇東、滇中、滇西三個地區(qū)縣域農民內部的收入差距。主要描述了三個地區(qū)之間的收入差距狀況,并詳細研究分析了造成這種收入差距的主要影響因素。得到的研究結論具有十分重要的理論意義和實際指導意義。其不僅可以幫助我們理解對西部地區(qū)農村收入差距的成因,也能夠為西南地區(qū)政府制定農村的扶貧政策提供切實的措施建議。本文的主要結論是:在2007年至2013年這七年間,收入差距最大的是2009年和2010年,基尼系數分別為0.3118和0.3110。在收入差距方面,本文采用多亞組基尼系數分解方法對2010年的不平等指數進行了分解,分解結果表明:農民收入差距主要來自各地區(qū)內部差距,也就是各地區(qū)內部資源存在稟賦差異,其對總體貢獻率為86.24%,其中滇中地區(qū)內部收入差距對總體收入差距的貢獻率為33.34%,但是滇東和滇西的基尼系數最高,均超過0.5。組間差距即三個地區(qū)之間的收入差距對總體差距的貢獻率為13.76%。并且從人力資本、物質資本、自然資源、生產資本和社會性負擔五個方面考察影響收入差距的主要因素,發(fā)現人均國有經濟固定資產投資額、勞動力受教育程度與收入不平等程度呈負相關,烤煙播種面積與收入不平等程度呈正相關,水和電這兩項最基本的農業(yè)生產需求也能引起各地區(qū)間農民收入的差異。另外,本文還通過按照收入和支出的來源分解不平等指數發(fā)現,家庭經營性收入是農村住戶的收入的主要來源,也是引起農民收入不平等的主要原因,而家庭生產經營主要的收入是農業(yè)收入,即農業(yè)收入造成的差異是云南省農村地區(qū)收入不平等差異的主要因素。在各項支出當中,生活消費支出占總支出比例最高可達61.36%,對不平等局面的貢獻率為54.11%,也是最高的。其中的食品消費支出占比高達29.38%,說明滿足生活基本需求仍是目前大多數農民的首要抉擇。針對云南省縣域間農民收入差距現象,本文提出了以下政策建議:在收入分配的政策上,可通過提高滇東與滇西地區(qū)各市(州)內部中、低收入人口社會保障收入的方式實現降低滇東與滇西地區(qū)的收入差距。盡快地實現各項社會保險的全國統(tǒng)籌,只有這樣,才能將部分的高收入人口的社會保險繳費轉移給低收入人口。政府應加大轉移支付力度,要因地制宜,有區(qū)別的承擔貧窮落后、收入差距大的地區(qū)財政投入。云南省政府應大幅增加對縣域間農民教育投資,普遍提高農民素質。扶持當地鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的企業(yè),提高技術含量,擴大企業(yè)的生產規(guī)模,以吸取更多的農村勞動力,帶來非農業(yè)收入。政府應切實減輕農民壓力,完善農村居民征稅收稅的制度。
[Abstract]:Taking Yunnan Province as an example, based on the data of the cities, states and counties of Yunnan Province over the years, the Gini coefficient and weighted coefficient of variation are used to measure the internal and azimuth of Yunnan and the middle of Yunnan. The income gap among farmers in three counties in western Yunnan. The paper mainly describes the situation of income gap among the three regions. The conclusions are of great theoretical and practical significance. It can not only help us understand the causes of the rural income gap in the western region, but also help us understand the causes of the income gap in the western region. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: in the seven years from 2007 to 2013, the income gap is the largest in 2009 and 2009. The Gini coefficient is 0.3118 and 0.3110 respectively. In terms of income gap, this paper uses the multi-subgroup Gini coefficient decomposition method to decompose the inequality index in 2010. The results show that the income gap of farmers mainly comes from the internal disparity in different regions. In other words, there are differences in the endowment of resources in different regions, and the contribution rate to the total income gap is 86.24, in which the contribution rate of the internal income gap to the total income gap in the central Yunnan region is 33.34, but the Gini coefficient is the highest in the east and west of Yunnan. The contribution rate of the income gap between the three regions to the overall gap is 13.76%. The main factors affecting the income gap are analyzed from five aspects: human capital, material capital, natural resources, production capital and social burden. It was found that there was a negative correlation between the investment in fixed assets per capita, the education level of labor force and the income inequality, while the planting area of flue-cured tobacco was positively correlated with the income inequality. The two most basic agricultural production needs, water and electricity, can also lead to differences in farmers' incomes across regions. In addition, the paper finds that the inequality index is broken down by sources of income and expenditure. Household operating income is the main source of income for rural households and the main cause of income inequality among farmers. The main income of household production and operation is agricultural income. That is, the difference caused by agricultural income is the main factor of income inequality in rural areas of Yunnan Province. The highest proportion of living expenses to total expenditure can reach 61.36 percent, and the contribution rate to inequality is 54.11, which is also the highest. The proportion of food consumption expenditure is as high as 29.38 percent, which shows that meeting the basic needs of living is still the first of most farmers at present. To solve the problem of peasants' income gap among counties in Yunnan Province, This paper puts forward the following policy suggestions: in terms of income distribution policy, it can be improved in the cities (prefectures) of eastern and western Yunnan regions. The way of social security income of low-income population is to reduce the income gap between eastern Yunnan and western Yunnan. As soon as possible, we can realize the overall plan of all kinds of social insurance as soon as possible. Only in this way, In order to transfer the social insurance contributions of some of the high-income population to the low-income population. The government should increase the transfer payments, take measures according to local conditions, and undertake poverty and backwardness in a differentiated manner. The Yunnan Provincial Government should substantially increase the investment in the education of farmers among counties, improve the quality of farmers in general, support local township enterprises, increase the technological content, and expand the scale of production of enterprises. In order to absorb more rural labor force and bring non-agricultural income, the government should lighten the pressure of farmers and improve the system of taxation and taxation of rural residents.
【學位授予單位】：云南財經大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F323.8

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