發(fā)布時間：2018-03-25 03:05

  本文選題：收獲機組　切入點：技術生產(chǎn)率　出處：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)收獲機械化是農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的重要技術基礎,對提高農(nóng)業(yè)綜合生產(chǎn)能力、保障農(nóng)產(chǎn)品有效供給起著十分重要的作用。農(nóng)業(yè)收獲作業(yè)是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)作業(yè)過程中的關鍵環(huán)節(jié),選擇適宜的收獲機械在收獲季節(jié)完成收獲作業(yè)是農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量取得豐收的重要保障,而收獲機組技術生產(chǎn)率是影響收獲作業(yè)的重要因素,因此提高農(nóng)業(yè)收獲機組技術生產(chǎn)率已成為收獲作業(yè)的重要組成部分。在綜合分析收獲機組作業(yè)時間構成的基礎上,建立收獲機組作業(yè)的各類作業(yè)時間項目與地塊條件關系的數(shù)學模型,建立不同卸糧方式下收獲機組技術生產(chǎn)率與地塊條件關系的數(shù)學模型。選擇8種不同功率級的收獲機組作為研究對象,采用跟蹤試驗的方法,測取定距離條件下各種作業(yè)機組作業(yè)時各類時間消耗。依據(jù)收獲機組實際作業(yè)的試驗數(shù)據(jù)進行分析,明確了聯(lián)合收獲機作業(yè)時間項目構成,建立了純作業(yè)、轉(zhuǎn)彎、卸糧、地塊轉(zhuǎn)移及調(diào)整等時間項目的數(shù)學計算模型。根據(jù)所建模型和試驗數(shù)據(jù),利用MATLAB編程計算,得到不同功率級收獲機組技術生產(chǎn)率隨地塊條件變化的定量規(guī)律:當收獲機組的額定功率為50 k W左右,作業(yè)幅寬為2-3 m,且糧箱容積為1.4-3 m3時,機組適宜作業(yè)的地塊面積至少為2 hm2,地塊長度至少為200 m;當收獲機組的額定功率為80 kW左右,作業(yè)幅寬為3-4 m,且糧箱容積為3-4m3時,機組適宜作業(yè)的地塊面積至少為2.5 hm2,地塊長度至少為300 m;當收獲機組的額定功率為110 k W左右,作業(yè)幅寬為4-4.5 m,且糧箱容積為4-4.5 m3時,機組適宜作業(yè)的地塊面積至少為3 hm2,地塊長度至少為400 m;當收獲機組的額定功率為150 k W左右,作業(yè)幅寬為4.5-5 m,且糧箱容積為4.5-5 m3時,機組適宜作業(yè)的地塊面積至少為3.5 hm2,地塊長度至少為500 m;當收獲機組的額定功率230 k W左右,作業(yè)幅寬為7-8 m,且機組糧箱容積為10-12 m3時,機組適宜作業(yè)的地塊面積至少為4 hm2,地塊長度至少為600 m。繪制出不同收獲機組技術生產(chǎn)率隨地塊長度、地塊面積的變化規(guī)律圖,從而得出各個收獲機組適用的地塊條件。在收獲作業(yè)時,選擇合適的收獲機組,可以提高農(nóng)業(yè)機械化技術生產(chǎn)率。同時得到的收獲機組技術生產(chǎn)率率隨地塊條件變化的定量關系,為研究農(nóng)業(yè)機組技術生產(chǎn)率隨地塊條件改變的變化規(guī)律提供了理論依據(jù),也為研究機組作業(yè)技術指標隨地塊條件變化規(guī)律提供基本思想和方法。根據(jù)得出的規(guī)律指導不同收獲機械與不同地塊條件的匹配,指導農(nóng)業(yè)機器型號選擇,從而提高農(nóng)業(yè)機械生產(chǎn)效率,充分發(fā)揮農(nóng)業(yè)機械的使用價值,促進我國農(nóng)業(yè)機械化發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Agricultural harvesting mechanization is an important technical basis for agricultural modernization, which plays a very important role in improving the comprehensive agricultural production capacity and ensuring the effective supply of agricultural products. The selection of suitable harvesting machinery to complete the harvest operation in the harvest season is an important guarantee for the agricultural yield to obtain a good harvest, and the technical productivity of the harvesting unit is an important factor affecting the harvest operation. Therefore, improving the technical productivity of agricultural harvesting units has become an important part of harvesting operations. The mathematical model of the relationship between the time items of various kinds of operations and the land conditions of the harvesting unit is established. A mathematical model of the relationship between the technical productivity of the harvesting unit and the land condition was established under different ways of unloading grain. Eight kinds of harvesting units with different power levels were selected as the research object, and the method of tracking test was adopted. According to the test data of the actual operation of the harvesting unit, the composition of the working time of the combine harvester is determined, and the pure operation, turning and unloading of grain are established. Mathematical calculation model for time items such as land transfer and adjustment. According to the established model and test data, the calculation is programmed by MATLAB. The quantitative rules of the technical productivity of different power level harvesters with plot conditions are obtained: when the rated power of the harvester is about 50 kW, the working width is 2-3 m, and the volume of grain tank is 1.4-3 m3, When the rated power of the harvesting unit is about 80kW, the working width is 3-4 m, and the volume of grain tank is 3-4m3, the area of land suitable for operation is at least 2 hm2 and the length of plot is at least 200m. When the rated power of the harvesting unit is about 110 kW, the working width is 4-4.5 m, and the volume of grain tank is 4-4.5 m3, the area of land suitable for operation is at least 2.5 mm 2, and the length of plot is at least 300 m, and when the rated power of the harvesting unit is about 110 kW, the operating width is 4-4.5 m ~ 3, When the rated power of the harvesting unit is about 150kW, the operating width is 4.5-5m, and the volume of grain tank is 4.5-5m3, the area of land suitable for operation is at least 3 hm2 and the length of plot is at least 400 m. The area of land suitable for operation of the unit is at least 3.5 hm ~ 2 and the length of the plot is at least 500 m. When the rated power of the harvesting unit is about 230 kW, the working width is 7-8 m, and the volume of the unit grain tank is 10-12 m ~ 3, The area of the plot suitable for operation of the unit is at least 4 mm ~ 2, and the length of the plot is at least 600 m. The variation laws of the technical productivity of different harvesting units with the length of the plot and the area of the plot are plotted. Thus, the suitable land conditions for each harvesting unit are obtained. In the harvesting operation, the appropriate harvesting unit is selected, At the same time, the quantitative relationship between the technical productivity rate of the harvesting unit and the plot condition is obtained, which provides a theoretical basis for the study of the variation law of the technical productivity of the agricultural unit with the plot condition. It also provides basic ideas and methods for studying the variation law of unit operation technical indexes with land conditions. According to the obtained rules, it can guide the matching of different harvesting machinery and different plot conditions, and guide the selection of agricultural machinery type. So as to improve the efficiency of agricultural machinery production, give full play to the use value of agricultural machinery, and promote the development of agricultural mechanization in China.
【學位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F323.3

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