發(fā)布時間：2018-06-15 14:22

  本文選題：涼山彝族地區(qū) + 農(nóng)村　； 參考：《廣西民族大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：新中國成立以來,我國在不同時期依照當(dāng)時的國情制定了不同的扶貧政策,取得了顯著的成果。作為我國最大的彝族聚居區(qū)和貧困最深重的地區(qū),涼山彝族地區(qū)的扶貧政策與國家扶貧政策基本保持一致,大致經(jīng)歷了救濟式扶貧、體制性扶貧、大規(guī)模經(jīng)濟開發(fā)式扶貧等五個階段,通過五個階段的扶貧工作,涼山彝族地區(qū)基本消除絕對貧困,但由于自然環(huán)境、歷史、基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)等因素,相對貧困依然嚴(yán)重,反貧困形勢嚴(yán)峻。通過對涼山彝族地區(qū)扶貧工作進行系統(tǒng)回顧,發(fā)現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)的粗放型的開發(fā)式扶貧,在面對剩余的貧困程度深、脫貧難度大的貧困人口時,存在針對性不強,扶貧資金利用率低、扶貧管理不到位等問題,扶貧效率逐年下降,扶貧難度加大。針對傳統(tǒng)扶貧模式存在的種種問題,近年來開始開展精準(zhǔn)扶貧。在對涼山彝族地區(qū)調(diào)研中發(fā)現(xiàn),在精準(zhǔn)扶貧實踐中逐步顯現(xiàn)出一些問題,如貧困對象識別難度大、農(nóng)戶參與程度低、制度不完善、基層政府扶貧項目不適當(dāng)?shù)葐栴},導(dǎo)致精準(zhǔn)扶貧未完全執(zhí)行到位,扶貧成效有限。論文圍繞精準(zhǔn)扶貧含義并結(jié)合涼山彝族地區(qū)的特點,分析了該地區(qū)在開展精準(zhǔn)扶貧過程中存在的問題及產(chǎn)生問題的原因。最后在原因分析的基礎(chǔ)上提出了相應(yīng)的對策:一是通過精準(zhǔn)識別和動態(tài)管理實現(xiàn)貧困人口的精準(zhǔn)識別;二是從人力貧困、環(huán)境貧困以及資本貧困三方面提出了具有針對性的幫扶措施;三是提高農(nóng)戶參與度提高自身能動性;四是完善扶貧政策,加強管理,優(yōu)化資源配置;五是從交通、水利、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等方面加快基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)步伐。
[Abstract]:Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, China has made different poverty alleviation policies in different periods according to the national conditions at that time, and has achieved remarkable results. As the largest Yi nationality concentrated area and the most impoverished area in our country, the poverty alleviation policy in Liangshan Yi nationality area is basically in line with the national poverty alleviation policy, and has roughly experienced relief poverty alleviation and systemic poverty alleviation. Through the five stages of poverty alleviation in the five stages of large-scale economic development, the Liangshan Yi region has basically eliminated absolute poverty. However, due to natural environment, history, infrastructure and other factors, the relative poverty is still serious. The situation against poverty is grim. Through a systematic review of poverty alleviation work in Liangshan Yi nationality area, it is found that the traditional extensive development-oriented poverty alleviation, in the face of the remaining poor population with deep degree of poverty and great difficulty in getting rid of poverty, has weak pertinence and low utilization rate of poverty alleviation funds. Poverty reduction efficiency has decreased year by year, and poverty alleviation has become more difficult. Aiming at the problems existing in the traditional poverty alleviation model, precision poverty alleviation has been carried out in recent years. In the investigation of Liangshan Yi nationality area, we found that some problems appeared gradually in the practice of precision poverty alleviation, such as the difficulty of identifying the poor object, the low participation of farmers, the imperfect system, the inappropriate poverty alleviation project of grass-roots government, etc. As a result, precision poverty alleviation is not fully implemented in place, poverty reduction results are limited. Based on the meaning of precision poverty alleviation and the characteristics of Yi nationality area in Liangshan, the paper analyzes the existing problems and the causes of the problems in the process of carrying out precision poverty alleviation in this area. Finally, on the basis of the cause analysis, the corresponding countermeasures are put forward: one is to realize the accurate identification of the poor population through precision identification and dynamic management, the other is to realize the accurate identification of the poor population from the perspective of human poverty. Environmental poverty and capital poverty have put forward targeted measures to help; third, to increase farmers' participation and improve their own initiative; fourth, to improve poverty alleviation policies, strengthen management, and optimize resource allocation; and fifthly, from the perspective of transportation, water conservancy, Internet and other areas to speed up the pace of infrastructure construction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F323.8

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