發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-08 18:05

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：圖們江次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作現(xiàn)狀、問題及對(duì)策研究　出處：《西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 圖們江 次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作 現(xiàn)狀 問題 對(duì)策

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)集團(tuán)化的迅猛發(fā)展,世界各大區(qū)域都組建了各種區(qū)域合作組織,如由德國、法國、意大利、荷蘭等27個(gè)國家組成的歐洲聯(lián)盟,由美國、加拿大、墨西哥3個(gè)國家組成的北美自由貿(mào)易區(qū),由印度尼西亞、馬來西亞、新加坡等10個(gè)國家組成的東南亞國家聯(lián)盟,等等。而目前只有東北亞地區(qū)還未建立一體化的組織。為應(yīng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化帶來的威脅和挑戰(zhàn),順應(yīng)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化區(qū)域集團(tuán)化的潮流和趨勢,東北亞各國的合作意識(shí)和加強(qiáng)合作的愿望越來越強(qiáng)烈,但由于各國政治制度、意識(shí)形態(tài)、經(jīng)濟(jì)體制和發(fā)展水平的差異,以及民族矛盾、歷史遺留問題,各國關(guān)系錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜,難以形成以地區(qū)一體化為導(dǎo)向的區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作。作為一種替代,在東北亞出現(xiàn)了一種新型的區(qū)域合作形式——圖們江次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作。 次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作的概念最早出現(xiàn)在20世紀(jì)80年代末90年代初,又被稱為“成長三角”、“增長三角”,由新加坡副總理吳作棟最先提出。此后亞洲地區(qū)出現(xiàn)了各種成長三角,如珠——港——澳成長三角、瀾滄江——湄公河成長三角、圖們江成長三角、新——柔——廖成長三角、東盟北部成長三角和東盟東部成長三角等等。由于次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作尚處于發(fā)展之中,國際上并沒有權(quán)威的機(jī)構(gòu)給予公認(rèn)的定義,因理解角度和研究方法不同,各國學(xué)者對(duì)其概念的界定也是多種多樣的。 圖們江發(fā)源于長白山脈主峰白頭山東麓,是中、俄、朝三國的界河,注入日本海。圖們江入�？谌龂�接壤地區(qū)正處于東北亞的中央位置,北臨俄羅斯遠(yuǎn)東地區(qū),南接朝鮮半島,東與日本的“里日本”(日本西海岸部分)地區(qū)隔海相望,西部腹地向后延伸至中國東北,蒙古及俄羅斯西伯利亞的廣大地區(qū),地理位置獨(dú)特、交通便利、自然資源豐富,開展經(jīng)濟(jì)合作有利于整合次區(qū)域各國的資源,調(diào)動(dòng)區(qū)域內(nèi)外各方的力量,促進(jìn)區(qū)域內(nèi)各國社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展進(jìn)而帶動(dòng)整個(gè)東北亞經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,加速東北亞經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的進(jìn)程。對(duì)于中國來說,參與圖們江次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作有利于邊疆少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)穩(wěn)定,有利于擴(kuò)大延邊的對(duì)外開放,在東北地區(qū)形成新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長極,振興東北老工業(yè)基地,平衡國內(nèi)各地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。因此,對(duì)圖們江次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作的研究具有非常重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文在參考和借鑒國內(nèi)外研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,以中、俄、朝三國圖們江次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作為研究對(duì)象,闡明了論文選題的背景和意義,對(duì)已有相關(guān)研究進(jìn)行了綜述,闡述了次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作的概念和相關(guān)理論,探究了圖們江次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作的形成條件和發(fā)展演變歷程,論述了圖們江次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作的現(xiàn)狀,并分析了制約圖們江次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作發(fā)展的主要原因,最后為進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)圖們江地區(qū)合作開發(fā)提供了政策建議。本文共分為六章,具體內(nèi)容如下： 第一章為導(dǎo)論,闡明了論文選題的背景和意義,概述了研究內(nèi)容、研究方法以及論文的貢獻(xiàn)和不足之處。 第二章是對(duì)次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作概念的界定和理論的綜述。首先對(duì)“區(qū)域”與“次區(qū)域”的概念范疇進(jìn)行了論述,然后綜合了不同學(xué)者的不同觀點(diǎn)對(duì)次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作的概念進(jìn)行了界定,并探討了次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作的特點(diǎn)和類型,最后綜述次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作的相關(guān)理論。 第三章論述了圖們江次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作的形成基礎(chǔ),對(duì)其形成的內(nèi)部條件和外部推動(dòng)力進(jìn)行了分析,并闡述了各參與國的經(jīng)濟(jì)概況及參與目的。 第四章回顧了圖們江次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作的模式及演變,并對(duì)其發(fā)展歷程進(jìn)行了階段劃分。 第五章論述了圖們江次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作的意義(對(duì)東北亞地區(qū)和對(duì)中國的意義分別進(jìn)行了探討),詳細(xì)闡述了圖們江次區(qū)域在貿(mào)易、投資、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、跨境旅游等方面的合作機(jī)制,以及各領(lǐng)域合作的進(jìn)展情況,通過對(duì)現(xiàn)狀的分析,討論了圖們江次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作面臨的問題。本文認(rèn)為制約圖們江次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作的主要因素有：參與國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平參差不齊,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展差距較大,難以形成同步的投資開發(fā)能力,不易協(xié)調(diào),不利于對(duì)整體合作進(jìn)程的推進(jìn)；三個(gè)主要當(dāng)事國中、俄、朝開發(fā)目標(biāo)不一致,各自利益不同,難以形成合力；次區(qū)域內(nèi)各國由于歷史遺留問題、民族矛盾、“中國威脅論”等問題政治缺乏互信,進(jìn)而也阻礙了經(jīng)濟(jì)合作發(fā)展；開發(fā)軟環(huán)境差,表現(xiàn)在中、俄、朝三國國內(nèi)市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制不完善,對(duì)企業(yè)設(shè)置種種限制,影響了企業(yè)對(duì)圖們江地區(qū)的投資；國際運(yùn)輸通道雖已建成,但是通而不暢,表現(xiàn)在跨境基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)滯后,物流嚴(yán)重不足；對(duì)圖們江次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作起協(xié)調(diào)作用的圖們江秘書處和“三國”、“五國”委員會(huì)起不到實(shí)質(zhì)性的作用,因?yàn)楦鲊�合作模式松散且中央政府參與力度不夠；資金的嚴(yán)重缺乏影響了基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的建設(shè)和各個(gè)項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施。 針對(duì)上述問題,本文在第六章提出了推進(jìn)圖們江次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作的政策建議。 首先,推進(jìn)圖們江地區(qū)開發(fā)合作應(yīng)遵循如下幾項(xiàng)基本原則：一是堅(jiān)持以小區(qū)域合作帶動(dòng)大區(qū)域合作。二是堅(jiān)持以雙邊合作帶動(dòng)多邊合作。三是堅(jiān)持政府推動(dòng)市場化運(yùn)作。四是推進(jìn)優(yōu)勢互補(bǔ),實(shí)現(xiàn)互利共贏。 在上述原則下,推進(jìn)圖們江次區(qū)域合作開發(fā)的戰(zhàn)略方針是：以擴(kuò)大貿(mào)易促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)合作,以重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域合作促進(jìn)規(guī)模性開發(fā),以規(guī)模性合作開發(fā)促進(jìn)圖們江次區(qū)域合作全面起動(dòng)。 在以上原則和方針的指導(dǎo)下,推進(jìn)圖們江次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作的具體對(duì)策為： 一是要完善圖們江次區(qū)域的合作機(jī)制。建立有效的溝通機(jī)制,通過首腦定期會(huì)晤、地方政府長官定期會(huì)晤、省及地方相關(guān)部門對(duì)等協(xié)商等制度,加強(qiáng)中、俄、朝三國工作的相互協(xié)調(diào)能力；建立互信機(jī)制,圖們江次區(qū)域各國應(yīng)高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚,長遠(yuǎn)考慮區(qū)域共同利益,推進(jìn)相互信賴,先擱置歷史遺留問題等相關(guān)問題,以經(jīng)濟(jì)合作逐步推動(dòng)其他方面的合作；設(shè)立權(quán)威的組織機(jī)構(gòu),協(xié)調(diào)涉及各國利益的重大問題并做出具有約束力的決定。 二是加強(qiáng)國際運(yùn)輸通道建設(shè)。加快跨境基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和國際物流通道建設(shè),建成圖們江地區(qū)具有國際交通樞紐功能、內(nèi)外經(jīng)貿(mào)往來暢通無阻、物流充足的交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施網(wǎng)。 三是加快中國長吉圖開發(fā)開放先導(dǎo)區(qū)建設(shè)。利用長吉圖先導(dǎo)區(qū)探索沿邊地區(qū)開發(fā)開放模式,優(yōu)化長吉圖先導(dǎo)區(qū)的空間布局,加快區(qū)域內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)提升,加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè),推進(jìn)區(qū)域內(nèi)體制機(jī)制創(chuàng)新,充分發(fā)揮長吉圖先導(dǎo)區(qū)的示范作用和帶動(dòng)作用。 四是運(yùn)用BOT方式籌集資金,解決融資瓶頸�？紤]到基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)需要大量投資,建議采取BOT融資方式。建立和完善政府協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制,積極利用國際機(jī)構(gòu)營造良好的國際融資環(huán)境,促進(jìn)發(fā)達(dá)國家和地區(qū)跨國公司積極參與到BOT融資方式的運(yùn)作中來,設(shè)立專門機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行管理,采取寬松的開發(fā)政策,從項(xiàng)目審批、項(xiàng)目建設(shè)、項(xiàng)目經(jīng)營、相關(guān)法規(guī)及稅收方面給予最大的優(yōu)惠,打造圖們江地區(qū)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)運(yùn)用BOT融資的新模式。 五是加強(qiáng)圖們江次區(qū)域各國智力、文化方面的合作交流。加強(qiáng)高校合作,鼓勵(lì)聯(lián)合培養(yǎng),推進(jìn)產(chǎn)學(xué)研合作,培養(yǎng)專業(yè)技術(shù)人才；充分利用中國與周邊有關(guān)國家的歷史文化淵源,舉辦形式多樣的文化交流活動(dòng),通過文化交流帶動(dòng)人員往來和經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)合作。 六是推進(jìn)跨境旅游合作�？缇陈糜问菆D們江次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作的重要內(nèi)容和組成部分,也是比較容易開展合作和具有巨大發(fā)展前景的領(lǐng)域。中、俄、朝三國應(yīng)以旅游基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、陸�？章�(lián)運(yùn)航線通暢、旅游市場培育、多語言旅游信息平臺(tái)開發(fā)等為重點(diǎn),打造圖們江區(qū)域跨境旅游合作圈。 最后,以俄羅斯加速遠(yuǎn)東地區(qū)開發(fā)為契機(jī),推動(dòng)圖們江次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作。目前,遠(yuǎn)東開發(fā)成為俄羅斯各界關(guān)注和熱議的焦點(diǎn)。這是因?yàn)殡S著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的重心從大西洋兩岸向亞太地區(qū)的日益轉(zhuǎn)移,東北亞地區(qū)的重要性逐漸凸顯,遠(yuǎn)東地區(qū)的開發(fā)成為俄羅斯新的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)。俄羅斯現(xiàn)已積累起能夠加速遠(yuǎn)東地區(qū)發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟(jì)和金融資源,遠(yuǎn)東地區(qū)的開發(fā)為推動(dòng)圖們江次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作的發(fā)展帶來新的契機(jī)。 本文的主要貢獻(xiàn)： 本文通過吸收和借鑒已有的研究成果,從全局角度對(duì)圖們江次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作的現(xiàn)狀、問題進(jìn)行了較為深入、全面、系統(tǒng)的分析,并提出了較為全面的、具有可操作性的實(shí)際有效的對(duì)策建議。文中所用到的數(shù)據(jù)都來自官方網(wǎng)站、統(tǒng)計(jì)公報(bào)、統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒等權(quán)威資料和網(wǎng)站,因此具有可靠性、準(zhǔn)確性和最新性的特點(diǎn)。 本文在寫作中遇到的難點(diǎn)有：關(guān)于分析俄羅斯和朝鮮圖們江地區(qū)開發(fā)的資料較少,時(shí)間都較早且內(nèi)容不夠具體詳細(xì),因此本文在分析圖們江地區(qū)開發(fā)現(xiàn)狀時(shí)把重點(diǎn)放在了中國圖們江地區(qū)的開發(fā)上,而對(duì)朝鮮和俄羅斯的情況不夠具體、深入和全面。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economic globalization and regional economic collectivization , all regions of the world have formed regional cooperation organizations , such as the European Union composed of 27 countries such as Germany , France , Italy , the Netherlands , the Association of Southeast Asian Nations composed of 10 countries such as Indonesia , Malaysia , Singapore and so on . The concept of subregional economic cooperation first appeared in the late 1980s and early 1990 ' s , also known as " the Yangtze River Delta " and " Growth Triangle " , which was first put forward by the Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore , Wu Zuodong . Since the subregional economic cooperation is still in development , the north of ASEAN has become the Yangtze River Delta , and the east of ASEAN has become the Yangtze River Delta . As the understanding angle and the research method are different , various scholars have different definitions of their concepts . The Tumen River is originated from the eastern foot of Baitoushan , the main peak of the Changbai Mountains . It is the boundary between China , Russia and the three countries . It is located in the central position of Northeast Asia . The western hinterland of Tumen River extends to the northeast , Mongolia and Siberia of Russia . It is beneficial to the integration of the economic development and social stability of all countries in the region . It is beneficial to the expansion of the economic development and the development of the Northeast Asian economy . Therefore , it is of great practical significance to study the economic cooperation in the region of Tumen River . Based on the research achievements at home and abroad , this paper expounds the background and significance of the paper ' s selection of regional economic cooperation in China , Russia and the Tumen River sub - regional economic cooperation of the three countries . The paper expounds the concept and relevant theories of the economic cooperation in Tumen River subregion , and discusses the main reasons for the development of economic cooperation in Tumen River subregion , and finally provides policy suggestion for further advancing the cooperation and development of Tumen River region . The paper is divided into six chapters , which are as follows : The first chapter introduces the background and significance of the thesis selection , and summarizes the research contents , the research methods and the contribution and deficiency of the thesis . The second chapter discusses the definition and theory of the concept of subregional economic cooperation . Firstly , the concept category of " region " and " subregion " is discussed , then the concept of sub - regional economic cooperation is defined and the characteristics and types of sub - regional economic cooperation are discussed . Finally , the relevant theories of subregional economic cooperation are summarized . Chapter Three discusses the formation of economic cooperation in Tumen River subregion , analyzes its internal conditions and external impetus , and expounds the economic situation and participation of participating countries . Chapter four reviews the pattern and evolution of economic cooperation in Tumen River subregion , and divides its development course . In the fifth chapter , the significance of economic cooperation in Tumen River subregion is discussed . The cooperation mechanism of Tumen River subregion in trade , investment , infrastructure construction , cross - border tourism and so on are discussed in detail . In view of the above - mentioned problems , this paper puts forward the policy suggestion to promote the economic cooperation of Tumen River subregion in Chapter 6 . in that first place , the development cooperation in Tumen river area should adhere to the following basic principles : one is to adhere to the principle of promoting regional cooperation with small regional cooperation . Under the above - mentioned principles , the strategic approach to promote the development of the Tumen River sub - regional cooperation is to expand trade and promote economic cooperation , to cooperate in key areas to promote large - scale development , and to promote the overall start - up of Tumen river sub - regional cooperation with large - scale cooperative development . Under the guidance of the above principles and guidelines , the specific countermeasures to promote economic cooperation in Tumen River subregion are as follows : The first is to improve the cooperation mechanism of the Tumen River subregion . Establish an effective communication mechanism through regular meetings of the leaders , regular meetings with the governors of the local government , regular meetings with local government officials , mutual coordination of the work of the provinces and local authorities , and the establishment of mutual trust mechanisms . In the long term , the countries of the Tumen River region should consider relevant issues such as mutual trust , advance mutual trust , lay aside historical legacy issues and other related issues , and set up authoritative organization institutions to coordinate the major issues involving national interests and make binding decisions . Second , strengthen the construction of international transport channels , accelerate the construction of cross - border infrastructure and the construction of international logistics channels , build the Tumen River region , have the functions of international traffic hub , smooth and unimpeded flow of foreign trade and trade , and adequate logistics infrastructure network . The third is to speed up the construction of the open pilot area in the development of China ' s Changji chart . The pilot area of Changji Chart is used to explore the open mode in the coastal area , optimize the spatial layout of the pilot area of Changji chart , accelerate the industrial upgrading in the region , strengthen the infrastructure and ecological environment construction , promote the innovation of the institutional mechanism in the region , and give full play to the demonstration effect and the driving effect of the pilot area of Changji . The fourth is to use the BOT mode to raise funds and solve the financing bottleneck . Considering that the infrastructure construction needs a lot of investment , it is suggested that the BOT financing way should be adopted . In order to establish and perfect the government coordination mechanism and actively use the international institutions to create a good international financing environment , and to promote the active participation of the developed countries and regional transnational corporations into the operation of the BOT financing mode , a specialized agency is established to manage the project , and to adopt a loose development policy , and to create a new mode of BOT financing for infrastructure construction in Tumen River region . The fifth is to strengthen the exchanges of intellectual and cultural cooperation among the countries of the Tumen River subregion , strengthen cooperation in colleges and universities , encourage joint cultivation , advance production and research cooperation , and train professional technical personnel ; make full use of the historical and cultural origins of China and the surrounding countries , organize various cultural exchange activities , and drive personnel exchanges and economic and technical cooperation through cultural exchanges . Sixth , to promote cross - border tourism cooperation . Cross - border tourism is an important part and an integral part of the economic cooperation of Tumen River subregion . It is also an important area for easier cooperation and great development prospect . In China , Russia and Korea should focus on the construction of tourism infrastructure , sea - air - air transport route , tourism market cultivation , multilingual tourism information platform development , etc . , and build a cross - border tourism cooperation circle in Tumen River region . At present , the development of the Far East is the focus of attention and discussion among all circles of Russia . This is because as the center of gravity of the world economy moves from both sides of the Atlantic to the Asia - Pacific region , the importance of the Northeast Asia is gradually becoming prominent , and the development of the Far East region has become the new strategic goal of Russia . Russia has already accumulated the economic and financial resources that can accelerate the development of the Far East region , and the development of the Far East region will bring a new opportunity to promote the development of the Tumen River subregional economic cooperation . The main contributions of this paper are as follows : In this paper , through the absorption and reference of the existing research results , the present situation and the problems of the economic cooperation in Tumen River subregion are analyzed in a comprehensive and systematic way from the global perspective , and the practical and effective countermeasures are put forward . All the data used in the paper are from official websites , statistical bulletins , statistical yearbooks and other authoritative sources and websites , so it has the characteristics of reliability , accuracy and up - to - date . The difficulties encountered in writing in this paper are as follows : With regard to the analysis of the development situation of Tumen River in Russia and North Korea , this paper puts emphasis on the development of Tumen River region in China , while the situation of Korea and Russia is not concrete , in - depth and comprehensive .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F114.46

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