多層石墨烯增強(qiáng)聚合物基復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-11 18:23
【摘要】：石墨烯具有獨(dú)特的石墨片層結(jié)構(gòu)、優(yōu)異的理化性能,作為高性能納米填料在聚合物復(fù)合材料領(lǐng)域具有極其廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。目前石墨烯/聚合物復(fù)合材料的研究尚處于起步階段,并且存在石墨烯質(zhì)量不穩(wěn)定、增強(qiáng)效果不顯著、缺乏顯示度高的代表性研究工作,以及現(xiàn)有制備工藝無(wú)法滿足規(guī)�；I(yè)生產(chǎn)等一系列問(wèn)題,極大限制了石墨烯在復(fù)合材料領(lǐng)域的規(guī)�；I(yè)應(yīng)用。本論文立足于低成本宏量制備石墨烯技術(shù)的最新進(jìn)展,采用插層膨脹法制備的多層石墨烯作為增強(qiáng)材料,選取代表性的聚氯乙烯樹脂和環(huán)氧樹脂作為聚合物基體,結(jié)合傳統(tǒng)的熔融共混和樹脂傳遞成型工藝,通過(guò)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和工藝優(yōu)化,制備具有顯著力學(xué)增強(qiáng)效果的石墨烯/聚合物復(fù)合材料。本論文包括以下兩方面的內(nèi)容:針對(duì)聚氯乙烯抗沖擊性能差的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題,我們提出利用多層石墨烯所高比表面積、蜷曲形態(tài)和高柔性的特點(diǎn),顯著改善硬質(zhì)聚氯乙烯復(fù)合材料的抗沖擊韌性。研究表明,添加少量石墨烯(0.36 wt%)可以顯著提高復(fù)合材料的斷裂韌性和缺口沖擊強(qiáng)度,歸因于石墨烯的高度柔性和蜷曲形態(tài),其在復(fù)合材料內(nèi)部起到近似于“彈性體”的增韌作用;此外石墨烯的加入還使得與之相鄰的聚氯乙烯分子鏈具有更大的運(yùn)動(dòng)空間,進(jìn)而使得石墨烯/聚氯乙烯復(fù)合材料的韌性顯著提高。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)石墨烯在樹脂基體中的均勻分散,我們提出原位聚合制備石墨烯/聚氯乙烯復(fù)合樹脂粒料的方法,結(jié)合傳統(tǒng)的熔融共混工藝制備石墨烯/聚氯乙烯復(fù)合材料。研究表明,添加極少量的多層石墨烯(0.3 wt%)可以顯著提高復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)強(qiáng)度和韌性。這種顯著的力學(xué)增強(qiáng)主要?dú)w因于多層石墨烯獨(dú)特的柔軟片層結(jié)構(gòu)、高度結(jié)構(gòu)完整性、石墨烯在基體中的均勻分散,以及石墨烯與基體之間的較強(qiáng)相互作用。為了改善石墨烯在聚合物基體內(nèi)的分散、獲得顯著的復(fù)合材料力學(xué)增強(qiáng)效果,我們選用三維石墨烯/泡沫鎳網(wǎng)絡(luò)作為增強(qiáng)體、通過(guò)傳統(tǒng)樹脂傳遞工藝制備石墨烯/環(huán)氧樹脂復(fù)合材料,考察石墨烯對(duì)于泡沫鎳以及復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)增強(qiáng)作用。研究表明石墨烯對(duì)泡沫鎳的表面包覆可以顯著提升石墨烯/泡沫鎳混雜材料的壓縮模量、彎曲模量以及阻尼因子(分別提高20%、132%和184%),主要?dú)w因于石墨烯與基體的較強(qiáng)界面結(jié)合、混雜材料的環(huán)箍效應(yīng)、以及混雜材料的豐富界面。此外,石墨烯/泡沫鎳/環(huán)氧樹脂復(fù)合材料相比于環(huán)氧樹脂具有更高的儲(chǔ)能模量和損耗模量,相比于泡沫鎳/環(huán)氧樹脂復(fù)合材料具有更加優(yōu)異的粘彈阻尼性能(阻尼因子提高184%)。這主要?dú)w因于石墨烯/泡沫鎳/環(huán)氧樹脂復(fù)合材料的豐富界面、石墨烯與環(huán)氧樹脂之間的界面滑移。綜上所述,通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)并調(diào)控石墨烯在聚合物基體中的結(jié)構(gòu)和形態(tài),可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)石墨烯/聚合物復(fù)合材料力學(xué)性能的有效調(diào)控;結(jié)合結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和工藝優(yōu)化可以獲得高性能的石墨烯/聚合物復(fù)合材料,有助于推動(dòng)石墨烯在復(fù)合材料工業(yè)中的規(guī)模化應(yīng)用,并在航空航天、交通運(yùn)輸、建筑機(jī)械等諸多領(lǐng)域具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:Graphene has unique graphite lamellar structure and excellent physicochemical properties. As a high-performance nano-filler, graphene has a very broad application prospect in the field of polymer composites. A series of problems, such as the high representative research work and the inability of the existing preparation process to meet the needs of large-scale industrial production, limit the large-scale industrial application of graphene in the field of composite materials. Graphene/polymer composites with remarkable mechanical reinforcing effect were prepared by means of structural design and process optimization with typical PVC resin and epoxy resin as polymer matrix and traditional melt blending and resin transfer molding process. The key problem of the poor impact resistance of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is that the high specific surface area, curl shape and high flexibility of multilayer graphene are used to improve the impact toughness of rigid PVC composites. Due to the high flexibility and curling morphology of graphene, graphene plays a toughening role similar to "elastomer" in the interior of the composites. In addition, the addition of graphene makes the adjacent PVC molecular chains have more space for movement, thus making the toughness of graphene/PVC composites significantly improved. Graphene/PVC composites were prepared by in-situ polymerization and conventional melt blending process. The results show that the mechanical strength and toughness of the composites can be improved significantly by adding a small amount of graphene (0.3 wt%). This remarkable mechanical enhancement is attributed to the unique soft lamellar structure, high structural integrity, uniform dispersion of graphene in the matrix, and strong interaction between graphene and matrix. In order to improve the dispersion of graphene in the polymer matrix, remarkable mechanical reinforcement effect of the composites is obtained. Graphene/epoxy resin composites were prepared by traditional resin transfer process using three-dimensional graphene/nickel foam network as reinforcement. The mechanical reinforcing effect of graphene on foamed nickel and its composites was investigated. The results show that graphene coating on foamed nickel can significantly improve graphene/nickel foam hybrid materials. Compressive modulus, flexural modulus and damping factor (increased by 20%, 132% and 184% respectively) are mainly attributed to the strong interface bonding between graphene and matrix, ring hoop effect of hybrid materials, and rich interface of hybrid materials. Compared with nickel foam/epoxy resin composites, graphene/nickel foam/epoxy resin composites have better viscoelastic damping properties (damping factor increased by 184%). This is mainly due to the rich interface between graphene/nickel foam/epoxy resin composites and the interface slip between graphene and epoxy resin. The structure and morphology of graphene/polymer composites can effectively control the mechanical properties of graphene/polymer composites; high performance graphene/polymer composites can be obtained by combining structural design and process optimization, which is helpful to promote the large-scale application of graphene in composite industry and in aerospace, transportation, construction machinery. Many other fields have broad application prospects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TB332;TQ327
本文編號(hào)：2177840
[Abstract]:Graphene has unique graphite lamellar structure and excellent physicochemical properties. As a high-performance nano-filler, graphene has a very broad application prospect in the field of polymer composites. A series of problems, such as the high representative research work and the inability of the existing preparation process to meet the needs of large-scale industrial production, limit the large-scale industrial application of graphene in the field of composite materials. Graphene/polymer composites with remarkable mechanical reinforcing effect were prepared by means of structural design and process optimization with typical PVC resin and epoxy resin as polymer matrix and traditional melt blending and resin transfer molding process. The key problem of the poor impact resistance of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is that the high specific surface area, curl shape and high flexibility of multilayer graphene are used to improve the impact toughness of rigid PVC composites. Due to the high flexibility and curling morphology of graphene, graphene plays a toughening role similar to "elastomer" in the interior of the composites. In addition, the addition of graphene makes the adjacent PVC molecular chains have more space for movement, thus making the toughness of graphene/PVC composites significantly improved. Graphene/PVC composites were prepared by in-situ polymerization and conventional melt blending process. The results show that the mechanical strength and toughness of the composites can be improved significantly by adding a small amount of graphene (0.3 wt%). This remarkable mechanical enhancement is attributed to the unique soft lamellar structure, high structural integrity, uniform dispersion of graphene in the matrix, and strong interaction between graphene and matrix. In order to improve the dispersion of graphene in the polymer matrix, remarkable mechanical reinforcement effect of the composites is obtained. Graphene/epoxy resin composites were prepared by traditional resin transfer process using three-dimensional graphene/nickel foam network as reinforcement. The mechanical reinforcing effect of graphene on foamed nickel and its composites was investigated. The results show that graphene coating on foamed nickel can significantly improve graphene/nickel foam hybrid materials. Compressive modulus, flexural modulus and damping factor (increased by 20%, 132% and 184% respectively) are mainly attributed to the strong interface bonding between graphene and matrix, ring hoop effect of hybrid materials, and rich interface of hybrid materials. Compared with nickel foam/epoxy resin composites, graphene/nickel foam/epoxy resin composites have better viscoelastic damping properties (damping factor increased by 184%). This is mainly due to the rich interface between graphene/nickel foam/epoxy resin composites and the interface slip between graphene and epoxy resin. The structure and morphology of graphene/polymer composites can effectively control the mechanical properties of graphene/polymer composites; high performance graphene/polymer composites can be obtained by combining structural design and process optimization, which is helpful to promote the large-scale application of graphene in composite industry and in aerospace, transportation, construction machinery. Many other fields have broad application prospects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TB332;TQ327
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