多層石墨烯增強聚合物基復合材料的力學性能研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-11 18:23
【摘要】：石墨烯具有獨特的石墨片層結構、優(yōu)異的理化性能,作為高性能納米填料在聚合物復合材料領域具有極其廣闊的應用前景。目前石墨烯/聚合物復合材料的研究尚處于起步階段,并且存在石墨烯質(zhì)量不穩(wěn)定、增強效果不顯著、缺乏顯示度高的代表性研究工作,以及現(xiàn)有制備工藝無法滿足規(guī)�；I(yè)生產(chǎn)等一系列問題,極大限制了石墨烯在復合材料領域的規(guī)�；I(yè)應用。本論文立足于低成本宏量制備石墨烯技術的最新進展,采用插層膨脹法制備的多層石墨烯作為增強材料,選取代表性的聚氯乙烯樹脂和環(huán)氧樹脂作為聚合物基體,結合傳統(tǒng)的熔融共混和樹脂傳遞成型工藝,通過結構設計和工藝優(yōu)化,制備具有顯著力學增強效果的石墨烯/聚合物復合材料。本論文包括以下兩方面的內(nèi)容:針對聚氯乙烯抗沖擊性能差的關鍵問題,我們提出利用多層石墨烯所高比表面積、蜷曲形態(tài)和高柔性的特點,顯著改善硬質(zhì)聚氯乙烯復合材料的抗沖擊韌性。研究表明,添加少量石墨烯(0.36 wt%)可以顯著提高復合材料的斷裂韌性和缺口沖擊強度,歸因于石墨烯的高度柔性和蜷曲形態(tài),其在復合材料內(nèi)部起到近似于“彈性體”的增韌作用;此外石墨烯的加入還使得與之相鄰的聚氯乙烯分子鏈具有更大的運動空間,進而使得石墨烯/聚氯乙烯復合材料的韌性顯著提高。為了實現(xiàn)石墨烯在樹脂基體中的均勻分散,我們提出原位聚合制備石墨烯/聚氯乙烯復合樹脂粒料的方法,結合傳統(tǒng)的熔融共混工藝制備石墨烯/聚氯乙烯復合材料。研究表明,添加極少量的多層石墨烯(0.3 wt%)可以顯著提高復合材料的力學強度和韌性。這種顯著的力學增強主要歸因于多層石墨烯獨特的柔軟片層結構、高度結構完整性、石墨烯在基體中的均勻分散,以及石墨烯與基體之間的較強相互作用。為了改善石墨烯在聚合物基體內(nèi)的分散、獲得顯著的復合材料力學增強效果,我們選用三維石墨烯/泡沫鎳網(wǎng)絡作為增強體、通過傳統(tǒng)樹脂傳遞工藝制備石墨烯/環(huán)氧樹脂復合材料,考察石墨烯對于泡沫鎳以及復合材料的力學增強作用。研究表明石墨烯對泡沫鎳的表面包覆可以顯著提升石墨烯/泡沫鎳混雜材料的壓縮模量、彎曲模量以及阻尼因子(分別提高20%、132%和184%),主要歸因于石墨烯與基體的較強界面結合、混雜材料的環(huán)箍效應、以及混雜材料的豐富界面。此外,石墨烯/泡沫鎳/環(huán)氧樹脂復合材料相比于環(huán)氧樹脂具有更高的儲能模量和損耗模量,相比于泡沫鎳/環(huán)氧樹脂復合材料具有更加優(yōu)異的粘彈阻尼性能(阻尼因子提高184%)。這主要歸因于石墨烯/泡沫鎳/環(huán)氧樹脂復合材料的豐富界面、石墨烯與環(huán)氧樹脂之間的界面滑移。綜上所述,通過設計并調(diào)控石墨烯在聚合物基體中的結構和形態(tài),可以實現(xiàn)對石墨烯/聚合物復合材料力學性能的有效調(diào)控;結合結構設計和工藝優(yōu)化可以獲得高性能的石墨烯/聚合物復合材料,有助于推動石墨烯在復合材料工業(yè)中的規(guī)�；瘧�,并在航空航天、交通運輸、建筑機械等諸多領域具有廣闊的應用前景。
[Abstract]:Graphene has unique graphite lamellar structure and excellent physicochemical properties. As a high-performance nano-filler, graphene has a very broad application prospect in the field of polymer composites. A series of problems, such as the high representative research work and the inability of the existing preparation process to meet the needs of large-scale industrial production, limit the large-scale industrial application of graphene in the field of composite materials. Graphene/polymer composites with remarkable mechanical reinforcing effect were prepared by means of structural design and process optimization with typical PVC resin and epoxy resin as polymer matrix and traditional melt blending and resin transfer molding process. The key problem of the poor impact resistance of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is that the high specific surface area, curl shape and high flexibility of multilayer graphene are used to improve the impact toughness of rigid PVC composites. Due to the high flexibility and curling morphology of graphene, graphene plays a toughening role similar to "elastomer" in the interior of the composites. In addition, the addition of graphene makes the adjacent PVC molecular chains have more space for movement, thus making the toughness of graphene/PVC composites significantly improved. Graphene/PVC composites were prepared by in-situ polymerization and conventional melt blending process. The results show that the mechanical strength and toughness of the composites can be improved significantly by adding a small amount of graphene (0.3 wt%). This remarkable mechanical enhancement is attributed to the unique soft lamellar structure, high structural integrity, uniform dispersion of graphene in the matrix, and strong interaction between graphene and matrix. In order to improve the dispersion of graphene in the polymer matrix, remarkable mechanical reinforcement effect of the composites is obtained. Graphene/epoxy resin composites were prepared by traditional resin transfer process using three-dimensional graphene/nickel foam network as reinforcement. The mechanical reinforcing effect of graphene on foamed nickel and its composites was investigated. The results show that graphene coating on foamed nickel can significantly improve graphene/nickel foam hybrid materials. Compressive modulus, flexural modulus and damping factor (increased by 20%, 132% and 184% respectively) are mainly attributed to the strong interface bonding between graphene and matrix, ring hoop effect of hybrid materials, and rich interface of hybrid materials. Compared with nickel foam/epoxy resin composites, graphene/nickel foam/epoxy resin composites have better viscoelastic damping properties (damping factor increased by 184%). This is mainly due to the rich interface between graphene/nickel foam/epoxy resin composites and the interface slip between graphene and epoxy resin. The structure and morphology of graphene/polymer composites can effectively control the mechanical properties of graphene/polymer composites; high performance graphene/polymer composites can be obtained by combining structural design and process optimization, which is helpful to promote the large-scale application of graphene in composite industry and in aerospace, transportation, construction machinery. Many other fields have broad application prospects.
【學位授予單位】：沈陽建筑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB332;TQ327
本文編號：2177840
[Abstract]:Graphene has unique graphite lamellar structure and excellent physicochemical properties. As a high-performance nano-filler, graphene has a very broad application prospect in the field of polymer composites. A series of problems, such as the high representative research work and the inability of the existing preparation process to meet the needs of large-scale industrial production, limit the large-scale industrial application of graphene in the field of composite materials. Graphene/polymer composites with remarkable mechanical reinforcing effect were prepared by means of structural design and process optimization with typical PVC resin and epoxy resin as polymer matrix and traditional melt blending and resin transfer molding process. The key problem of the poor impact resistance of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is that the high specific surface area, curl shape and high flexibility of multilayer graphene are used to improve the impact toughness of rigid PVC composites. Due to the high flexibility and curling morphology of graphene, graphene plays a toughening role similar to "elastomer" in the interior of the composites. In addition, the addition of graphene makes the adjacent PVC molecular chains have more space for movement, thus making the toughness of graphene/PVC composites significantly improved. Graphene/PVC composites were prepared by in-situ polymerization and conventional melt blending process. The results show that the mechanical strength and toughness of the composites can be improved significantly by adding a small amount of graphene (0.3 wt%). This remarkable mechanical enhancement is attributed to the unique soft lamellar structure, high structural integrity, uniform dispersion of graphene in the matrix, and strong interaction between graphene and matrix. In order to improve the dispersion of graphene in the polymer matrix, remarkable mechanical reinforcement effect of the composites is obtained. Graphene/epoxy resin composites were prepared by traditional resin transfer process using three-dimensional graphene/nickel foam network as reinforcement. The mechanical reinforcing effect of graphene on foamed nickel and its composites was investigated. The results show that graphene coating on foamed nickel can significantly improve graphene/nickel foam hybrid materials. Compressive modulus, flexural modulus and damping factor (increased by 20%, 132% and 184% respectively) are mainly attributed to the strong interface bonding between graphene and matrix, ring hoop effect of hybrid materials, and rich interface of hybrid materials. Compared with nickel foam/epoxy resin composites, graphene/nickel foam/epoxy resin composites have better viscoelastic damping properties (damping factor increased by 184%). This is mainly due to the rich interface between graphene/nickel foam/epoxy resin composites and the interface slip between graphene and epoxy resin. The structure and morphology of graphene/polymer composites can effectively control the mechanical properties of graphene/polymer composites; high performance graphene/polymer composites can be obtained by combining structural design and process optimization, which is helpful to promote the large-scale application of graphene in composite industry and in aerospace, transportation, construction machinery. Many other fields have broad application prospects.
【學位授予單位】：沈陽建筑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB332;TQ327
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