車聯(lián)網(wǎng)環(huán)境下乘用車節(jié)能隊(duì)列研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-04 10:17
【摘要】：汽車工業(yè)的迅猛發(fā)展,在給人們帶來生活便利的同時(shí),也導(dǎo)致了交通擁堵、能源短缺、環(huán)境污染等一系列問題;科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,使車聯(lián)網(wǎng)成為了國際智能交通領(lǐng)域的新熱點(diǎn),引領(lǐng)了智能交通發(fā)展的方向,這也促使人—車—路—環(huán)境系統(tǒng)向信息化、智能化、環(huán)�；较虬l(fā)展。相關(guān)研究表明,采用隊(duì)列行駛模式不僅可以大大提高道路通行能力,減少交通事故的發(fā)生,還能減少燃油消耗和尾氣排放,在提高道路交通安全水平的同時(shí)帶來了節(jié)能環(huán)保效益。因此,本文采用數(shù)值模擬方法對(duì)車聯(lián)網(wǎng)環(huán)境下乘用車節(jié)能隊(duì)列進(jìn)行了深入研究。本文以車聯(lián)網(wǎng)環(huán)境為研究背景,采用隊(duì)列行駛模式對(duì)乘用車進(jìn)行節(jié)能研究,研究采用Driv Aer汽車模型進(jìn)行空氣動(dòng)力特性分析,該模型不同于高度簡(jiǎn)化的Ahmed模型和SAE模型,使得試驗(yàn)結(jié)果更接近實(shí)際情況。選用XFlow軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬仿真試驗(yàn),從空間離散方式、湍流模型選擇和數(shù)值算法選擇三個(gè)層面對(duì)該CFD仿真軟件的主要特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了闡述,從介觀動(dòng)理學(xué)模型、格子玻爾茲曼方法和大渦模擬法對(duì)其基本理論基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行了介紹。本文假設(shè)在車聯(lián)網(wǎng)環(huán)境下進(jìn)行理想的試驗(yàn)研究,即車間有良好的通訊且忽略車輛操作延誤等因素干擾,首先研究汽車外形對(duì)隊(duì)列行駛的影響,因?yàn)榈缆飞闲旭偟钠嚪N類繁多,車身形狀各不相同,所以選取三種比較有代表性的車身外形:直背式、階背式、快背式Driv Aer汽車模型進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)研究,所選擇的三種Driv Aer模型除尾部形狀結(jié)構(gòu)不同外,前端幾何形狀完全相同。試驗(yàn)分別針對(duì)單車、兩車隊(duì)列進(jìn)行仿真,通過對(duì)單車和兩車隊(duì)列速度場(chǎng)、壓力場(chǎng)的比較分析,揭示了汽車隊(duì)列行駛的減阻機(jī)理。研究結(jié)果表明,三種汽車模型隊(duì)列行駛時(shí)的尾流場(chǎng)并不相同,但隊(duì)列行駛的減阻機(jī)理是一致的:隊(duì)列行駛時(shí)前車尾部的渦流與后車流場(chǎng)之間相互影響,后車流場(chǎng)的存在使前車的尾渦區(qū)域稍有減小,前車流場(chǎng)的“屏蔽”作用使后車頭部正壓區(qū)明顯減小,使后車的尾渦強(qiáng)度降低,所以隊(duì)列行駛兩車的氣動(dòng)阻力都減小。在此研究的基礎(chǔ)上選用階背式Driv Aer汽車模型研究車間距對(duì)隊(duì)列行駛的影響,設(shè)定仿真速度恒為22m/s,在0L~3L(L:車身長(zhǎng)度)之間選取11種車間距,針對(duì)兩車、三車隊(duì)列進(jìn)行數(shù)值仿真試驗(yàn),并對(duì)0.5L、1L、3L三種車間距下的兩車、三車隊(duì)列汽車外流場(chǎng)速度場(chǎng)和壓力場(chǎng)分別進(jìn)行了分析,得到了兩車、三車隊(duì)列氣動(dòng)阻力與車間距的關(guān)系曲線和節(jié)油率與車間距的關(guān)系曲線。本文選用階背式Driv Aer汽車模型進(jìn)一步研究車速對(duì)隊(duì)列行駛的影響,設(shè)定車間距為1L,采用兩車隊(duì)列在60km/h~120km/h之間選取了7種車速進(jìn)行數(shù)值仿真試驗(yàn),并對(duì)16m/s、22m/s和34m/s三種車速下的單車和兩車隊(duì)列的壓力場(chǎng)進(jìn)行了分析,得到了節(jié)油率隨車速變化的關(guān)系曲線。本文研究為車聯(lián)網(wǎng)環(huán)境下汽車隊(duì)列行駛提供了理論依據(jù),為以后的相關(guān)研究工作提供了方法基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of automobile industry not only brings convenience to people, but also leads to a series of problems, such as traffic congestion, energy shortage, environmental pollution and so on. With the progress of science and technology, the automobile networking has become a new hot spot in the field of international intelligent transportation, leading the development direction of intelligent transportation, which also promotes the development of man-car-road-environment system to the direction of information, intelligence and environmental protection. The related research shows that the queue driving mode can not only greatly improve the road capacity, reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents, but also reduce fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. At the same time, it brings energy saving and environmental protection benefits while improving the level of road traffic safety. Therefore, in this paper, the numerical simulation method is used to study the energy saving queue of passenger vehicles in the environment of vehicle networking. In this paper, based on the vehicle networking environment, the queue driving mode is used to study the energy saving of passenger vehicles, and the Driv Aer vehicle model is used to analyze the hydrodynamic characteristics of passenger cars. This model is different from the highly simplified Ahmed model and SAE model. It makes the test results closer to the actual situation. The XFlow software is used to carry out the numerical simulation experiment. The main characteristics of the CFD simulation software are described from three aspects: spatial discretization mode, turbulence model selection and numerical algorithm selection. From the mesoscopic kinetic model, The basic theoretical basis of lattice Boltzmann method and large vortex simulation method is introduced. In this paper, it is assumed that an ideal experimental study is carried out in the environment of vehicle networking, that is, the workshop has good communication and neglects the interference of vehicle operation delay and other factors. Firstly, the influence of vehicle shape on queue driving is studied, because there are many kinds of vehicles driving on the road. The shape of the body is different, so three representative body shapes are selected: straight back, step back and fast back Driv Aer vehicle models. The three Driv Aer models are selected except for the different tail shape and structure. The geometry of the front end is exactly the same. The experiments are carried out to simulate the speed field and pressure field of bicycle and two-car queue, and the drag reduction mechanism of automobile queue is revealed by comparing and analyzing the speed field and pressure field of bicycle and two-car queue. The results show that the wake flow field of the three vehicle models is not the same, but the drag reduction mechanism of the queue is the same: the vortex at the end of the front car and the flow field of the rear vehicle interact with each other when the queue is running. The existence of the rear vehicle flow field makes the wake vortex area of the front car slightly decrease, and the "shielding" effect of the front vehicle flow field obviously reduces the positive pressure area of the rear car head, and reduces the wake vortex intensity of the rear car, so the pneumatic resistance of the two vehicles in the queue is reduced. On the basis of this study, the step back Driv Aer automobile model is selected to study the influence of workshop distance on queue driving. The simulation speed is set to be 22 m / s, and 11 kinds of workshop distances are selected between 0L~3L (L: body length). For two cars, The numerical simulation experiment of the three-car queue is carried out, and the velocity field and pressure field of the external flow field of the three-car queue at the distance of 0.5L, 1L and 3L are analyzed respectively, and the two cars are obtained. The relationship curve between the pneumatic resistance of the three-car queue and the workshop distance and the relationship curve between the fuel saving rate and the workshop distance. In this paper, the back Driv Aer vehicle model is selected to further study the influence of speed on queue driving, and the workshop distance is set to 1L. Seven kinds of vehicle speeds are selected between 60km/h~120km/h by using two car lines to carry out numerical simulation experiments, and 16 m / s is used to carry out numerical simulation experiments. The pressure field of bicycle and two-car queue at three speeds of 22m/s and 34m/s is analyzed, and the relationship curve of fuel saving rate with speed is obtained. The research in this paper provides a theoretical basis for the driving of automobile queue in the environment of vehicle networking, and provides a methodological basis for the related research work in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U491
[Abstract]:The rapid development of automobile industry not only brings convenience to people, but also leads to a series of problems, such as traffic congestion, energy shortage, environmental pollution and so on. With the progress of science and technology, the automobile networking has become a new hot spot in the field of international intelligent transportation, leading the development direction of intelligent transportation, which also promotes the development of man-car-road-environment system to the direction of information, intelligence and environmental protection. The related research shows that the queue driving mode can not only greatly improve the road capacity, reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents, but also reduce fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. At the same time, it brings energy saving and environmental protection benefits while improving the level of road traffic safety. Therefore, in this paper, the numerical simulation method is used to study the energy saving queue of passenger vehicles in the environment of vehicle networking. In this paper, based on the vehicle networking environment, the queue driving mode is used to study the energy saving of passenger vehicles, and the Driv Aer vehicle model is used to analyze the hydrodynamic characteristics of passenger cars. This model is different from the highly simplified Ahmed model and SAE model. It makes the test results closer to the actual situation. The XFlow software is used to carry out the numerical simulation experiment. The main characteristics of the CFD simulation software are described from three aspects: spatial discretization mode, turbulence model selection and numerical algorithm selection. From the mesoscopic kinetic model, The basic theoretical basis of lattice Boltzmann method and large vortex simulation method is introduced. In this paper, it is assumed that an ideal experimental study is carried out in the environment of vehicle networking, that is, the workshop has good communication and neglects the interference of vehicle operation delay and other factors. Firstly, the influence of vehicle shape on queue driving is studied, because there are many kinds of vehicles driving on the road. The shape of the body is different, so three representative body shapes are selected: straight back, step back and fast back Driv Aer vehicle models. The three Driv Aer models are selected except for the different tail shape and structure. The geometry of the front end is exactly the same. The experiments are carried out to simulate the speed field and pressure field of bicycle and two-car queue, and the drag reduction mechanism of automobile queue is revealed by comparing and analyzing the speed field and pressure field of bicycle and two-car queue. The results show that the wake flow field of the three vehicle models is not the same, but the drag reduction mechanism of the queue is the same: the vortex at the end of the front car and the flow field of the rear vehicle interact with each other when the queue is running. The existence of the rear vehicle flow field makes the wake vortex area of the front car slightly decrease, and the "shielding" effect of the front vehicle flow field obviously reduces the positive pressure area of the rear car head, and reduces the wake vortex intensity of the rear car, so the pneumatic resistance of the two vehicles in the queue is reduced. On the basis of this study, the step back Driv Aer automobile model is selected to study the influence of workshop distance on queue driving. The simulation speed is set to be 22 m / s, and 11 kinds of workshop distances are selected between 0L~3L (L: body length). For two cars, The numerical simulation experiment of the three-car queue is carried out, and the velocity field and pressure field of the external flow field of the three-car queue at the distance of 0.5L, 1L and 3L are analyzed respectively, and the two cars are obtained. The relationship curve between the pneumatic resistance of the three-car queue and the workshop distance and the relationship curve between the fuel saving rate and the workshop distance. In this paper, the back Driv Aer vehicle model is selected to further study the influence of speed on queue driving, and the workshop distance is set to 1L. Seven kinds of vehicle speeds are selected between 60km/h~120km/h by using two car lines to carry out numerical simulation experiments, and 16 m / s is used to carry out numerical simulation experiments. The pressure field of bicycle and two-car queue at three speeds of 22m/s and 34m/s is analyzed, and the relationship curve of fuel saving rate with speed is obtained. The research in this paper provides a theoretical basis for the driving of automobile queue in the environment of vehicle networking, and provides a methodological basis for the related research work in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U491
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