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  本文關鍵詞： 氣體絕緣組合電器 特高頻 局部放電 沿面放電 澆注孔 傳感器　出處：《華中科技大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：近年來氣體絕緣組合電器(Gas Insulated Switchgear,GIS)局部放電特高頻(Ultra High Frequency,UHF)檢測技術以其靈敏度高、抗干擾能力強、有效檢測范圍大、可進行故障定位和模式識別等優(yōu)點在我國得到了大力發(fā)展和廣泛應用。本文從局部放電模型、UHF電磁波通過GIS絕緣子上澆注孔的傳播特性以及外置式UHF傳感器的研制開發(fā)三個方面對局部放電特高頻檢測技術進行了深入研究,旨在為GIS局部放電檢測系統的標準化以及標定系統的建立解決一些重要技術難題并提供相應的技術支持。本文在深入分析GIS內部沿面放電機理的基礎上提出了一種結構獨特的放電模型,即“針-球”沿面放電模型,通過實驗室空氣環(huán)境下的測試和在實際GIS中SF6氣體環(huán)境下的測試,證明了該沿面放電模型具有放電量小、放電穩(wěn)定、可重復性好和動態(tài)范圍較大(低氣壓下)等優(yōu)點。當前關于UHF電磁波傳播特性的研究主要集中在GIS腔體,而關于澆注孔對UHF信號的影響則少有關注。本文通過實驗和仿真兩種手段,得出了澆注孔的尺寸與其輻射出的電磁波信號強度的關系:澆注孔表面的電場強度方向與其短邊的方向平行;澆注孔表面輻射出的信號強度與其長邊長度密切相關,與短邊長度關系不大;澆注孔表面輻射出的信號強度隨其長邊長度的增加會先增加,而后的變化趨勢與具體的放電類型有關:對沿面放電,其輻射出的信號強度隨長邊長度增加不斷增強;對尖刺放電和自由金屬顆粒放電,輻射出的信號強度在長邊長度為75mm時達到最大。本文以UHF電磁波通過澆注孔的傳播特性為依據,研制出了3種UHF傳感器:蝶形縫隙天線、半橢圓型天線和半圓形天線。通過仿真求取了其駐波比、方向圖、遠場增益和等效高度曲線等技術參數,結果表明三種天線均滿足設計要求。利用這三種UHF傳感器在開放自由空間內和GIS平臺上的兩項實驗表明半橢圓型天線和半圓形天線的時、頻域性能均明顯優(yōu)于兩種已獲得入網許可的UHF傳感器,可以在局部放電UHF檢測領域推廣應用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, Gas Insulated switch gis (Gas Insulated switch gis) partial discharge ultra high frequency (UHF) High Frequency has been developed. The detection technology of UHF has high sensitivity, strong anti-interference ability and wide range of effective detection. The advantages of fault location and pattern recognition have been developed and widely used in China. The propagation characteristics of UHF electromagnetic wave through the pouring hole on the GIS insulator and the research and development of the external UHF sensor are studied in this paper. The purpose of this paper is to solve some important technical problems and provide corresponding technical support for the standardization of GIS partial discharge detection system and the establishment of calibration system. Based on the in-depth analysis of the internal discharge mechanism of GIS. A discharge model with unique structure is proposed. That is, the "needle-ball" side discharge model, through the test in the laboratory air environment and the SF6 gas environment in the actual GIS, it is proved that the discharge along the surface discharge model is small and the discharge is stable. The advantages of good repeatability and large dynamic range (at low pressure). The current research on the propagation characteristics of UHF electromagnetic wave is mainly focused on the GIS cavity. However, little attention has been paid to the effect of pouring holes on UHF signal. The relationship between the size of the pouring hole and the electromagnetic wave signal intensity emitted by the pouring hole is obtained: the direction of the electric field intensity on the surface of the pouring hole is parallel to the direction of the short side of the pouring hole; The intensity of the signal radiated from the surface of the pouring hole is closely related to the length of the long edge, but not to the length of the short edge. The signal intensity emitted from the surface of the pouring hole will first increase with the increase of the length of the long side, and then the variation trend is related to the specific discharge type: discharge along the surface. The intensity of the radiated signal increases with the length of the long edge. For spike discharge and free metal particle discharge, the radiated signal intensity reaches the maximum when the length of the long side is 75mm. This paper is based on the characteristics of UHF electromagnetic wave propagating through the pouring hole. Three kinds of UHF sensors, such as butterfly slot antenna, semi-elliptical antenna and semicircular antenna, are developed. The technical parameters such as standing wave ratio, pattern, far-field gain and equivalent height curve are obtained by simulation. The results show that the three kinds of antennas meet the design requirements. Using the three kinds of UHF sensors in open free space and on the GIS platform two experiments show the time of semi-elliptical antenna and semi-circular antenna. The performance of frequency domain is obviously superior to that of two kinds of UHF sensors which have been approved to enter the network. They can be widely used in the field of partial discharge (PD) UHF detection.
【學位授予單位】：華中科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TM595;TP212

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