發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-27 02:14

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 逆變器 光伏陣列 最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤 孤島效應(yīng)　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著全球范圍內(nèi)可再生能源突飛猛進(jìn)的發(fā)展,光伏發(fā)電在改善能源結(jié)構(gòu)、實(shí)現(xiàn)能源多元化、減少環(huán)境污染等方面發(fā)揮著舉足輕重的作用。在光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中,分布式光伏發(fā)電憑借其容量小、電壓等級(jí)低、接近負(fù)荷、對(duì)電網(wǎng)的影響小等眾多優(yōu)勢(shì),逐漸成為關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。本文以國網(wǎng)智研院分布式光伏儲(chǔ)能綜合發(fā)電系統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目為背景,以10kW光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)其關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究如下： 本文通過分析光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器的研究背景及國內(nèi)外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,對(duì)逆變器的分類、構(gòu)成、功能進(jìn)行了相關(guān)論述；搭建了光伏電池組件的仿真模型,對(duì)光伏組件和最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤(MPPT)算法進(jìn)行合理簡(jiǎn)化,并結(jié)合恒定電壓法和擾動(dòng)觀察法的特點(diǎn)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的MPPT方法進(jìn)行改進(jìn),提出了一種相對(duì)完善的最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤算法,使其兼具追蹤速度快和準(zhǔn)確性高的優(yōu)點(diǎn),并進(jìn)行了仿真驗(yàn)證。 本文針對(duì)光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器的拓?fù)溥M(jìn)行了數(shù)學(xué)公式推導(dǎo),介紹了光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器在三相靜止坐標(biāo)系、兩相靜止坐標(biāo)系和兩相同步旋轉(zhuǎn)坐標(biāo)系下的數(shù)學(xué)模型,并根據(jù)逆變器并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行時(shí)在dq旋轉(zhuǎn)坐標(biāo)系下的矢量關(guān)系,闡述了基于電網(wǎng)電壓定向矢量解耦控制方案,給出了電流環(huán)的設(shè)計(jì)步驟,并結(jié)合電壓環(huán)和MPPT環(huán)形成了三環(huán)控制。 同時(shí),本文對(duì)光伏并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)孤島檢測(cè)技術(shù)的分類和特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了介紹,并提出了一種新型的孤島檢測(cè)技術(shù)。 理論及仿真證明,本文所設(shè)計(jì)的逆變器具有并網(wǎng)波形好,動(dòng)態(tài)反應(yīng)迅速的優(yōu)點(diǎn)；通過軟硬件系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì),在樣機(jī)試驗(yàn)中證明其具有很高的MPPT追蹤精度,孤島檢測(cè)技術(shù)也達(dá)到行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。目前,本論文研制的10kW光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器已成功應(yīng)用于國網(wǎng)智研院的光伏儲(chǔ)能綜合發(fā)電系統(tǒng)示范項(xiàng)目中,具有良好的實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of renewable energy in the world, photovoltaic power generation plays an important role in improving energy structure, realizing energy diversification, reducing environmental pollution and so on. Distributed photovoltaic generation has many advantages, such as small capacity, low voltage level, close to load, small influence on power grid and so on. This paper takes the distributed photovoltaic energy storage system project as the background, takes 10kW photovoltaic grid-connected inverter as the research object, and studies its key technology as follows: In this paper, the research background of photovoltaic grid-connected inverter and its development status at home and abroad are analyzed, and the classification, constitution and function of the inverter are discussed. The simulation model of photovoltaic cell module is built to simplify the algorithm of photovoltaic module and maximum power point tracking (MPPTT) reasonably. Combined with the characteristics of constant voltage method and disturbance observation method, the traditional MPPT method is improved, and a relatively perfect maximum power point tracking algorithm is proposed, which has the advantages of fast tracking speed and high accuracy. The simulation is also carried out. In this paper, the mathematical formula of photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is derived, and the mathematical models of photovoltaic grid-connected inverter in three-phase stationary coordinate system, two-phase stationary coordinate system and two-phase synchronous rotating coordinate system are introduced. According to the vector relation of the inverter in the dq rotating coordinate system, the decoupling control scheme based on the grid voltage-oriented vector is expounded, and the design steps of the current loop are given. Combined with the voltage loop and the MPPT loop, a three-loop control is formed. At the same time, this paper introduces the classification and characteristics of islanding detection technology in photovoltaic grid-connected system, and puts forward a new islanding detection technology. Theoretical and simulation results show that the inverter designed in this paper has the advantages of good grid-connected waveform and rapid dynamic response. Through the software and hardware system design, it is proved in the prototype test that it has high MPPT tracking accuracy, and the islanding detection technology also meets the industry standard. The 10kW photovoltaic grid-connected inverter developed in this paper has been successfully applied to the demonstration project of the photovoltaic integrated power generation system of the National Institute of Grid Intelligence Research, which has a good practical application value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM464

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