發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-24 06:12

【摘要】：隨著IC技術(shù)的發(fā)展,手持設(shè)備的種類(lèi)和數(shù)量日益增多,而作為手持設(shè)備的核心,電池被賦予的期望也變得越來(lái)越高,傳統(tǒng)儲(chǔ)能電池的不足開(kāi)始顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)。新興能源鋰電池以其比能量高、無(wú)污染、容量大、循環(huán)壽命長(zhǎng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)被稱(chēng)為21世紀(jì)發(fā)展的理想能源并成為當(dāng)今市場(chǎng)上儲(chǔ)能設(shè)備的主流。但是鋰電池在使用時(shí)也有著備受關(guān)注的安全性問(wèn)題:過(guò)充電以及高溫都會(huì)使鋰電池有發(fā)生爆炸的危險(xiǎn);過(guò)放電會(huì)減少鋰電池的壽命甚至?xí)�損壞鋰電池。在鋰電池充放電期間對(duì)其采取一定的保護(hù)措施是非常有必要的,因此對(duì)高可靠性、高精度、安全快速的電池充電管理芯片的研究具有十分重要的意義。本設(shè)計(jì)采用CSMC 0.5um BCD工藝,根據(jù)Buck型開(kāi)關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)換器的工作原理,分析并設(shè)計(jì)了一款高精度多模式的鋰電池智能充電管理芯片。本文所設(shè)計(jì)的鋰電池充電管理芯片對(duì)鋰電池充電時(shí)采用三段式充電模式:預(yù)充電涓流模式,恒流模式以及恒壓模式。由于涓流模式充電使系統(tǒng)工作在非連續(xù)導(dǎo)通模式(DCM),而恒流模式充電時(shí)系統(tǒng)工作在連續(xù)導(dǎo)通模式(CCM),因此本設(shè)計(jì)采用峰值電流模脈沖混合調(diào)制模式(PFM-PWM)控制方式,以提高對(duì)電源電壓與負(fù)載變化的瞬態(tài)響應(yīng)能力和系統(tǒng)的轉(zhuǎn)換效率。為了能夠適應(yīng)寬的輸入電壓范圍,引入了斜率補(bǔ)償技術(shù),增加了系統(tǒng)的帶載能力;此款芯片最大可編程充電電流高達(dá)2A并可外部設(shè)定安全充電時(shí)間,實(shí)現(xiàn)了與用戶(hù)的交互式管理;同時(shí)通過(guò)修調(diào)技術(shù)使電池充電終止電壓精度高達(dá)±0.75%,且可外部設(shè)定對(duì)一節(jié)或者串聯(lián)的兩節(jié)鋰電池進(jìn)行充電。本設(shè)計(jì)還根據(jù)日本電池協(xié)會(huì)頒布的安全規(guī)范集成了NTC電池溫度實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)調(diào)整充電電流以及充電終止電壓的充電模式。此外,芯片集成了逐周期限流保護(hù)電路、芯片過(guò)溫保護(hù)電路、電池過(guò)充保護(hù)電路,壞電池檢測(cè)等保護(hù)電路,提高了充電速率的同時(shí)又確保了鋰電池充電的安全性。文章首先介紹了鋰電池的發(fā)展歷程、鋰電池的充電原理和充電方法以及現(xiàn)在市場(chǎng)上應(yīng)用比較多的充電管理芯片,然后闡述了Buck型開(kāi)關(guān)變換器的原理和特點(diǎn),對(duì)比了電流控制模式和電壓控制模式的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),再根據(jù)Buck型開(kāi)關(guān)變換器的基本拓?fù)浼軜?gòu)對(duì)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行了分析。最后在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)出本文所述整體電路。本文重點(diǎn)分析了帶隙基準(zhǔn)電路、振蕩器以及斜率補(bǔ)償電路、NTC電池充電保護(hù)電路、恒流/恒壓運(yùn)算放大器及充電模式切換電路。在盡可能減少外圍器件的前提下設(shè)計(jì)整體電路。最后,本文設(shè)計(jì)的電路在cadence平臺(tái)的spectre仿真環(huán)境下進(jìn)行仿真驗(yàn)證,仿真了在不同的輸入電壓、不同的工藝參數(shù)、不同的工作環(huán)境溫度等條件使用電壓源模擬電池充電的情況,仿真結(jié)果均滿(mǎn)足設(shè)計(jì)指標(biāo)的要求,現(xiàn)已送出流片。
[Abstract]:With the development of IC technology, the variety and quantity of handheld devices are increasing day by day. As the core of handheld devices, the expectation of battery is becoming higher and higher. Because of its high specific energy, no pollution, large capacity and long cycle life, lithium battery is regarded as the ideal energy for development in the 21st century and has become the mainstream of energy storage equipment in the market today. But lithium batteries also have concerns about safety: overcharging and high temperatures can cause them to explode; overdischarge can reduce their life and even damage them. It is very necessary to take some protective measures for lithium battery during charging and discharging, so it is very important to study the battery charge management chip with high reliability, high precision and safety. According to the working principle of Buck switch converter, a high-precision and multi-mode intelligent charge management chip for lithium battery is designed and analyzed by using CSMC 0.5um BCD technology. The lithium battery charge management chip designed in this paper adopts three charging modes: precharge trickle mode, constant current mode and constant voltage mode. Since trickle mode charging makes the system work in discontinuous on-mode (DCM), and constant-current mode charging in continuous on-mode (CCM), this design adopts peak current-mode pulse hybrid modulation (PFM-PWM) control mode. In order to improve the transient response to the change of power supply voltage and load and the conversion efficiency of the system. In order to adapt to the wide input voltage range, the slope compensation technology is introduced to increase the load capacity of the system. The maximum programmable charging current of this chip is up to 2A and the safe charging time can be set externally. At the same time, the terminal voltage precision of battery charging is up to 鹵0.75 and can be set externally to charge two lithium batteries in one section or in series. According to the safety specification issued by Japan Battery Association, the NTC battery temperature real-time monitoring and adjusting charging current and charging termination voltage charging mode are integrated. In addition, the chip integrates the protection circuits such as periodic current limiting protection circuit, chip over-temperature protection circuit, battery overcharge protection circuit and bad battery detection circuit, which improves the charging rate and ensures the security of lithium battery charging. This paper first introduces the development of lithium battery, the charging principle and charging method of lithium battery, and the charging management chip which is widely used in the market now, and then describes the principle and characteristics of Buck switch converter. The advantages and disadvantages of current control mode and voltage control mode are compared, and the stability of the system is analyzed according to the basic topology of Buck switching converter. Finally, the whole circuit is designed on this basis. This paper focuses on the analysis of bandgap reference circuit, oscillator and slope compensation circuit, NTC battery charging protection circuit, constant current / constant voltage operational amplifier and charging mode switching circuit. The whole circuit is designed on the premise of reducing the peripheral devices as much as possible. Finally, the circuit designed in this paper is simulated under the spectre simulation environment of cadence platform. The voltage source is used to simulate the battery charging under different input voltage, different process parameters and different working environment temperature. The simulation results all meet the requirements of the design index, and have been sent out of the flow sheet.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM912

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