電動(dòng)汽車用無位置傳感器無刷直流電機(jī)啟動(dòng)運(yùn)行控制研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-26 16:13
【摘要】：純電動(dòng)汽車憑借綠色環(huán)保、安全高效等優(yōu)點(diǎn)受到各國(guó)政府的大力支持。電機(jī)控制是電動(dòng)車研究的重要技術(shù)之一，無刷直流電機(jī)具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、運(yùn)行可靠、工作效率高、調(diào)速性能好的優(yōu)點(diǎn),在電動(dòng)車上得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。由于傳感器的安裝會(huì)增加電機(jī)成本和體積，所以深入研究全速范圍內(nèi)的無傳感器控制策略，擴(kuò)大車用無刷電機(jī)的使用范圍就顯得尤為重要。 電感法可在電機(jī)靜止時(shí)獲知轉(zhuǎn)子位置，保證電機(jī)在啟動(dòng)時(shí)無反轉(zhuǎn)現(xiàn)象發(fā)生。本文采用電感法獲知轉(zhuǎn)子初始位置結(jié)合反電勢(shì)積分法提出了一種新型啟動(dòng)策略可使無刷電機(jī)在啟動(dòng)階段無反轉(zhuǎn)，無抖動(dòng)，響應(yīng)迅速。 若要提高無傳感器控制的精度，就要實(shí)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)矩與轉(zhuǎn)速的閉環(huán)控制。用滑模觀測(cè)器替代傳感器對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)子位置進(jìn)行估計(jì)已成功用于無刷電機(jī)的控制系統(tǒng)中。由于無刷電機(jī)的反電勢(shì)不是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的正弦波以及滑模控制本身的抖振誤差都會(huì)影響轉(zhuǎn)子位置估計(jì)的結(jié)果，故本文設(shè)計(jì)了基于PLL鎖相環(huán)的滑模控制系統(tǒng)。消除系統(tǒng)抖振的同時(shí)使反電勢(shì)因素不足以影響轉(zhuǎn)速的估計(jì)。Simulink的仿真結(jié)果證實(shí)本文提出方法的正確性和有效性，可以替代位置傳感器對(duì)無刷電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)子位置進(jìn)行估計(jì)。 本文在啟動(dòng)階段后嘗試用磁場(chǎng)定向控制理論驅(qū)動(dòng)無刷電機(jī)，分析說明了車用無刷直流電機(jī)應(yīng)用磁場(chǎng)定向控制理論的意義，，通過結(jié)合電感法與反電勢(shì)積分法構(gòu)造了無刷直流電機(jī)全速范圍的無傳感器控制系統(tǒng)。對(duì)車用無刷電機(jī)性能要求的分析，確定了本文設(shè)計(jì)的控制系統(tǒng)所要達(dá)到的控制目的,即使電動(dòng)車輛具有在靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)下無振動(dòng)啟動(dòng)，響應(yīng)速度快，運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)，轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動(dòng)小的特點(diǎn)。 利用TI開發(fā)箱及套件搭建了實(shí)驗(yàn)所需的硬件平臺(tái)，根據(jù)所述控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了軟件程序編寫。實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了無刷電機(jī)矢量控制的可行性以及轉(zhuǎn)子位置估計(jì)系統(tǒng)的正確性。給出的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)表明，本文設(shè)計(jì)的全速范圍下無刷直流電機(jī)無傳感器控制系統(tǒng)可以達(dá)到電動(dòng)車對(duì)于無刷電機(jī)的性能要求。
[Abstract]:Pure electric vehicles with green environmental protection, safety and efficiency and other advantages are strongly supported by governments around the world. Motor control is one of the important technologies in electric vehicle research. Brushless DC motor has been widely used in electric vehicle because of its advantages of simple structure, reliable operation, high working efficiency and good speed regulation performance. Because the sensor installation will increase the cost and volume of the motor, it is particularly important to study the sensorless control strategy in the full speed range and expand the use range of the vehicle brushless motor. The inductance method can obtain the rotor position when the motor is still, and ensure that the motor does not reverse when it starts. In this paper, the inductance method is used to determine the initial position of the rotor and the inverse EMF integration method is used. A new starting strategy is proposed to make the brushless motor have no reversal, no jitter and quick response in the starting stage. In order to improve the accuracy of sensorless control, the closed-loop control of torque and speed should be realized. The rotor position estimation using sliding mode observer instead of sensor has been successfully used in the control system of brushless motor. Since the back-EMF of brushless motor is not a standard sinusoidal wave and the buffeting error of sliding mode control itself will affect the result of rotor position estimation, a sliding mode control system based on PLL phase-locked loop is designed in this paper. The simulation results of Simulink show that the proposed method is correct and effective, and can replace the position sensor to estimate the rotor position of brushless motor. This paper attempts to drive brushless motor with the theory of field-oriented control after starting stage. The significance of applying field-oriented control theory to brushless DC motor for vehicle is analyzed. A sensorless control system for brushless DC motor with full speed range is constructed by combining inductance method and inverse EMF integration method. Based on the analysis of the performance requirements of the brushless motor for vehicle, the control purpose of the control system designed in this paper is determined, even though the electric vehicle has the characteristics of no vibration starting, fast response speed, stable operation and low torque ripple. The hardware platform of the experiment is built by using the TI development box and kit, and the software program is programmed according to the control system. Experiments verify the feasibility of vector control of brushless motor and the correctness of rotor position estimation system. The experimental data show that the sensorless control system of brushless DC motor designed in this paper can meet the performance requirements of electric vehicle for brushless motor.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM33;U469.72
[Abstract]:Pure electric vehicles with green environmental protection, safety and efficiency and other advantages are strongly supported by governments around the world. Motor control is one of the important technologies in electric vehicle research. Brushless DC motor has been widely used in electric vehicle because of its advantages of simple structure, reliable operation, high working efficiency and good speed regulation performance. Because the sensor installation will increase the cost and volume of the motor, it is particularly important to study the sensorless control strategy in the full speed range and expand the use range of the vehicle brushless motor. The inductance method can obtain the rotor position when the motor is still, and ensure that the motor does not reverse when it starts. In this paper, the inductance method is used to determine the initial position of the rotor and the inverse EMF integration method is used. A new starting strategy is proposed to make the brushless motor have no reversal, no jitter and quick response in the starting stage. In order to improve the accuracy of sensorless control, the closed-loop control of torque and speed should be realized. The rotor position estimation using sliding mode observer instead of sensor has been successfully used in the control system of brushless motor. Since the back-EMF of brushless motor is not a standard sinusoidal wave and the buffeting error of sliding mode control itself will affect the result of rotor position estimation, a sliding mode control system based on PLL phase-locked loop is designed in this paper. The simulation results of Simulink show that the proposed method is correct and effective, and can replace the position sensor to estimate the rotor position of brushless motor. This paper attempts to drive brushless motor with the theory of field-oriented control after starting stage. The significance of applying field-oriented control theory to brushless DC motor for vehicle is analyzed. A sensorless control system for brushless DC motor with full speed range is constructed by combining inductance method and inverse EMF integration method. Based on the analysis of the performance requirements of the brushless motor for vehicle, the control purpose of the control system designed in this paper is determined, even though the electric vehicle has the characteristics of no vibration starting, fast response speed, stable operation and low torque ripple. The hardware platform of the experiment is built by using the TI development box and kit, and the software program is programmed according to the control system. Experiments verify the feasibility of vector control of brushless motor and the correctness of rotor position estimation system. The experimental data show that the sensorless control system of brushless DC motor designed in this paper can meet the performance requirements of electric vehicle for brushless motor.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM33;U469.72
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 張智堯;林明耀;周谷慶;;無位置傳感器無刷直流電動(dòng)機(jī)無反轉(zhuǎn)起動(dòng)及其平滑切換[J];電工技術(shù)學(xué)報(bào);2009年11期
2 鄭澤東;李永東;肖曦;Maurice Fadel;;永磁同步電機(jī)負(fù)載轉(zhuǎn)矩觀測(cè)器[J];電工技術(shù)學(xué)報(bào);2010年02期
3 薛曉明;楊
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