低溫?zé)嵩绰輻U發(fā)電系統(tǒng)理論分析與實驗研究
發(fā)布時間:2018-10-29 18:49
【摘要】:我國余熱資源豐富,若能有效的回收和利用,則可顯著提高能源利用效率,節(jié)省常規(guī)能源,緩解發(fā)展與能源之間的矛盾。余熱利用主要有換熱、高溫?zé)岜、發(fā)電三種利用方式。目前,由于有機(jī)朗肯循環(huán)發(fā)電技術(shù)可以降低排放溫度,具有盡可能多的利用余熱熱源或者自然能等低品位熱源的優(yōu)勢,因此受到人們的普遍關(guān)注。本研究著眼于可再生低品位能源和不可再生余熱資源,開展了有機(jī)朗肯循環(huán)低溫發(fā)電機(jī)組的研究,主要針對85℃以下的熱源進(jìn)行理論分析與實驗研究。 在前期課題組理論研究過程中,主要對有機(jī)朗肯循環(huán)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的工質(zhì)側(cè)物性及溫度等進(jìn)行了理論研究。但在實際生產(chǎn)過程中,由于余熱源形態(tài)及溫度區(qū)間的多樣性,機(jī)組工質(zhì)內(nèi)部參數(shù)很大程度上受外界環(huán)境的影響,沒有從根本上解決影響低溫余熱發(fā)電技術(shù)的關(guān)鍵因素。因此,本文針對變流量和溫度冷熱源進(jìn)行模擬計算,從低溫發(fā)電機(jī)組影響因素的源頭來分析對低溫余熱發(fā)電技術(shù)的影響。從工質(zhì)的選擇與橫向比較,分別對純工質(zhì)和混合工質(zhì)進(jìn)行模擬計算與分析,掌握各種工質(zhì)對低溫發(fā)電技術(shù)的影響。 在國家973”項目的支持下,對原有低溫發(fā)電實驗臺進(jìn)行改進(jìn),組建了10kW低溫?zé)峄厥杖詣硬⒕W(wǎng)螺桿膨脹發(fā)電機(jī)組。在前期模擬分析與實驗中,工質(zhì)質(zhì)量流量的增加是提高發(fā)電功率的關(guān)鍵因素。由于螺桿膨脹機(jī)屬于容積式膨脹機(jī),當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)速恒定時氣態(tài)工質(zhì)通過螺桿膨脹機(jī)的體積流量是不變的,因此通過螺桿膨脹機(jī)的氣體密度需要盡可能的大,也就是說飽和氣體比過熱蒸氣更適合螺桿膨脹機(jī)的應(yīng)用,本實驗設(shè)計了“預(yù)熱器+蒸發(fā)器夠組合式蒸發(fā)器,有效的提高系統(tǒng)的發(fā)電效率和發(fā)電量。在實驗臺上對10kW機(jī)組進(jìn)行實驗檢測,對系統(tǒng)各部件進(jìn)行計算分析。通過10kW低溫發(fā)電機(jī)組的實驗分析,驗證了前期設(shè)計的正確性和可行性。在此基礎(chǔ)上,針對山西某造紙廠余熱乏汽回收項目建立了100kW低溫發(fā)電機(jī)組示范工程,經(jīng)過長期運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)證實了低溫發(fā)電機(jī)組的可靠性。 為了進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化低溫發(fā)電機(jī)組的運(yùn)行性能,對10kW機(jī)組進(jìn)行了兩組傳動比工況下對比試驗,得出不同的熱源溫度有最佳傳動比與之對應(yīng),使得低溫發(fā)電機(jī)組的發(fā)電功率最大。針對此結(jié)論,建立了仿真計算模型,在實驗室又搭建有機(jī)朗肯循環(huán)試驗臺,對螺桿膨脹機(jī)負(fù)荷進(jìn)行改造,由原來的同步發(fā)電機(jī)改為“扭矩測試儀+電制動機(jī)”,通過對扭矩試驗臺的實驗分析,證實了不同熱源溫度有最佳螺桿膨脹機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速使得發(fā)電功率最大,同時也說明了仿真模型的準(zhǔn)確性,為進(jìn)一步開發(fā)和優(yōu)化有機(jī)朗肯循環(huán)發(fā)電機(jī)組奠定了扎實的實驗與理論基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:China is rich in waste heat resources, if it can be effectively recovered and utilized, it can significantly improve the efficiency of energy utilization, save conventional energy, and alleviate the contradiction between development and energy. Heat transfer, high-temperature heat pump and power generation are the main use of waste heat. At present, organic Rankine cycle power generation technology can reduce the emission temperature, and has the advantage of using waste heat source or natural energy as much as possible. Focusing on renewable low-grade energy and non-renewable waste heat resources, the research of organic Rankine cycle low temperature generator set is carried out, and the theoretical analysis and experimental study on the heat source below 85 鈩,
本文編號:2298503
[Abstract]:China is rich in waste heat resources, if it can be effectively recovered and utilized, it can significantly improve the efficiency of energy utilization, save conventional energy, and alleviate the contradiction between development and energy. Heat transfer, high-temperature heat pump and power generation are the main use of waste heat. At present, organic Rankine cycle power generation technology can reduce the emission temperature, and has the advantage of using waste heat source or natural energy as much as possible. Focusing on renewable low-grade energy and non-renewable waste heat resources, the research of organic Rankine cycle low temperature generator set is carried out, and the theoretical analysis and experimental study on the heat source below 85 鈩,
本文編號:2298503
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