發(fā)布時間：2018-02-23 18:16

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 特殊儲層 時頻分析 局部時頻變換　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)當(dāng)中，油氣資源占據(jù)著主導(dǎo)地位，也是我國非常重要的戰(zhàn)略物資�？墒菗�(jù)調(diào)查研究，2011年我國的原油產(chǎn)量還不到總需求的半數(shù)，，其余都只能依賴于進(jìn)口。考慮到國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展以及國家安全，發(fā)展油氣資源成為當(dāng)務(wù)之急。因為地震波的頻率屬性可以識別油氣儲層，所以衰減屬性的影響因數(shù)、不同條件下的變化規(guī)律、提取方法以及應(yīng)用效果的分析等系列方法技術(shù)的研究和實踐是油氣儲層預(yù)測的重要支撐。 隨著油氣勘探工作的發(fā)展與進(jìn)步，勘探的精度要求便成為了時下的熱點話題，如何能夠有效識別油氣便是擺在地球物理工作者面前的一道難題，眾多的石油地質(zhì)人多年來一直致力于此項研究中。其中有關(guān)于地震信號頻率衰減屬性的應(yīng)用更是成為關(guān)注的焦點和熱點，通常來講地震波頻率的衰減與油氣有比較大的相關(guān)性，但又因為地下介質(zhì)太過復(fù)雜，目前的數(shù)學(xué)物理方程也不足以完全的模擬出地震波在地下介質(zhì)中的傳播規(guī)律，所研究出的頻率衰減屬性也并不能夠完全適用于所有的勘探工區(qū)，這就促使地球物理工作者還需要繼續(xù)不斷的努力下去。 本文圍繞著時頻屬性的儲層分布特征的研究，介紹了幾種常規(guī)的時頻分析方法，時頻表征圖是一個一維信號表示在一個二維的時間-頻率域中，描述信號的頻譜是怎樣隨著時間變化的。時頻分析曾廣泛的用在地震數(shù)據(jù)處理和解釋領(lǐng)域，包括衰減方法，直接油氣檢測，以及地層成像。短時傅里葉變換（STFT）方法的廣泛使用產(chǎn)生了一個通過對數(shù)據(jù)時窗進(jìn)行傅里葉變換的時頻譜，但這種方法導(dǎo)致了時間和頻率譜分辨率之間的此消彼長。 在介紹并對比幾種時頻分析的方法后，本文應(yīng)用了分頻技術(shù)——它是地震數(shù)據(jù)處理與解釋中的一種重要的技術(shù)手段。分頻技術(shù)就是針對異常區(qū)，在等時地層格架控制下，將常規(guī)的地震數(shù)據(jù)處理為頻率切片，把地震反射波中的高頻率對應(yīng)的調(diào)諧能量識別出來，以達(dá)到檢測儲層的目的。筆者把該技術(shù)應(yīng)用于吉林某油田中，得知研究區(qū)內(nèi)儲層主要由兩個朵葉構(gòu)成，分別位于該油田的西北部和西南部。地震反射波的85%能量位置對應(yīng)的頻率、65%能量位置對應(yīng)的頻率和45Hz位置的能量百分比，三個時頻屬性可確定砂巖的分布范圍，有利儲層發(fā)育程度和分布范圍，并給出了有利井位，和鉆井情況一致。
[Abstract]:In China's national economy, oil and gas resources occupy a dominant position and are also very important strategic materials in China. However, according to investigation and research, in 2011, China's crude oil output was less than half of the total demand. The rest can only rely on imports. Considering the development of the national economy and national security, the development of oil and gas resources has become a top priority. Because the frequency attributes of seismic waves can identify oil and gas reservoirs, the influence factor of attenuation attributes is therefore, The research and practice of a series of methods and techniques, such as the law of variation under different conditions, the extraction method and the analysis of application effect, are important supports for oil and gas reservoir prediction. With the development and progress of oil and gas exploration, the accuracy requirement of exploration has become a hot topic. How to identify oil and gas effectively is a difficult problem for geophysical workers. Many petroleum geologists have been working on this research for many years. Among them, the application of frequency attenuation attribute of seismic signal has become the focus and hot spot. Generally speaking, the attenuation of seismic wave frequency has a relatively large correlation with oil and gas. But because the underground medium is too complicated, the current mathematical and physical equations are not enough to completely simulate the propagation law of seismic waves in underground media, and the frequency attenuation properties can not be fully applied to all exploration areas. This has prompted geophysicists to continue their efforts. Based on the study of reservoir distribution characteristics of time-frequency attributes, several conventional time-frequency analysis methods are introduced in this paper. The time-frequency representation graph is a one-dimensional signal representation in a two-dimensional time-frequency domain. Time-frequency analysis has been widely used in seismic data processing and interpretation, including attenuation methods, direct oil and gas detection, The wide use of STFT method has resulted in a time-frequency spectrum by Fourier transform to the data window, but this method leads to the variation of the spectral resolution between time and frequency. After introducing and comparing several time-frequency analysis methods, this paper applies the frequency division technique, which is an important technical means in seismic data processing and interpretation. The frequency division technique is aimed at abnormal areas under the control of isochronous stratigraphic framework. The conventional seismic data are processed as frequency slices, and the tuned energy corresponding to high frequency in seismic reflection waves is identified to achieve the purpose of reservoir detection. It is known that the reservoir in the study area is mainly composed of two leaves, located in the northwest and southwest of the oilfield, respectively. The frequency corresponding to the 85% energy position of the seismic reflection wave is 65% of the frequency corresponding to the energy position and the energy percentage of the 45Hz position. The three time-frequency attributes can determine the distribution range of sandstone favorable reservoir development and distribution range and give the favorable well location which is consistent with the drilling conditions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P618.13

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