發(fā)布時間：2018-04-12 22:05

  本文選題：喜馬拉雅東構(gòu)造結(jié) + 滑坡��； 參考：《中國地質(zhì)科學(xué)院》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：喜馬拉雅東構(gòu)造結(jié)位于青藏高原東南部,是現(xiàn)今地球上構(gòu)造活動最強(qiáng)烈、地表隆升速率最快的地區(qū)之一。在地殼快速抬升的同時,伴生各種剝蝕和地表侵蝕作用,塑造了現(xiàn)今的高山峽谷地貌特征。在內(nèi)外動力耦合作用下,地質(zhì)災(zāi)害極其發(fā)育,不僅類型多,而且危害大,對該區(qū)公路、鐵路和水電工程規(guī)劃建設(shè)提出了嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。論文在總結(jié)以往地質(zhì)災(zāi)害資料的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合遙感解譯和現(xiàn)場調(diào)查,分析研究了喜馬拉雅東構(gòu)造結(jié)地區(qū)滑坡發(fā)育特征和分布規(guī)律,開展了滑坡易發(fā)性評價、潛在地震作用下的滑坡危險性預(yù)測評價等,主要取得如下成果和認(rèn)識:(1)研究區(qū)滑坡是在隆升大背景下,接受河流的侵蝕切割,形成有利的地形地貌和地質(zhì)構(gòu)造條件,并在重力和內(nèi)外動力地質(zhì)作用觸發(fā)下形成的�；�坡主要沿雅魯藏布江、帕隆藏布江和拉月曲呈條帶狀展布,在切割嚴(yán)重地帶密集分布�；�坡的活動具有周期性特點,與地震活動及氣候波動的關(guān)系極為密切。(2)以魯朗腳不弄滑坡為例,在對滑坡區(qū)的地質(zhì)背景分析和滑坡特征詳細(xì)調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上,提出腳不弄滑坡的形成演化經(jīng)歷了 4個階段:河谷卸荷結(jié)構(gòu)面初始變形階段→斜坡體巖體碎裂化階段→震動拉裂及破壞階段→滑坡堵江及自穩(wěn)定階段。采用動力離散元分析方法,再現(xiàn)了滑坡的失穩(wěn)過程,對認(rèn)識研究區(qū)巨型滑坡成因機(jī)理有一定的啟示意義。(3)在分析研究區(qū)滑坡相關(guān)影響因素的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了層次分析-信息量和邏輯回歸-信息量的滑坡易發(fā)性評價方法,并選取地層巖性、坡度、坡向、坡形、高程、斷裂、河流和道路等8個影響因子,對喜馬拉雅東構(gòu)造結(jié)地區(qū)的滑坡進(jìn)行了易發(fā)性評價。通過對評價結(jié)果的檢驗和影響因子的敏感性分析得出:易發(fā)性評價的結(jié)果不僅與所選用的評價模型有關(guān),而且與所選取的評價因子的種類、數(shù)量也有關(guān)系。最后,將評價結(jié)果劃分為極高易發(fā)區(qū)、高易發(fā)區(qū)、中易發(fā)區(qū)和低易發(fā)區(qū)四個等級,其準(zhǔn)確地反映了研究區(qū)滑坡的分布規(guī)律。(4)研究區(qū)屬國際著名強(qiáng)震區(qū),地震地質(zhì)災(zāi)害是制約該區(qū)重大工程規(guī)劃建設(shè)和防災(zāi)減災(zāi)的主要因素。綜合考慮河流沖刷、活動斷裂對巖體結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度的影響以及地形對地震動的放大效應(yīng),采用基于概率地震的Newmark累積位移模型,開展了喜馬拉雅東構(gòu)造結(jié)地區(qū)50年超越概率10%地震誘發(fā)滑坡危險性評價研究。結(jié)果表明:極高危險區(qū)主要位于念青唐古拉、喜馬拉雅和崗日嘎布雪山的角峰、刃脊,河流兩岸陡峻的山坡處;高、中危險區(qū)主要分布在雪山角峰、刃脊以下,溝谷兩岸以及斷裂經(jīng)過的相對較高的陡坡地帶;低危險區(qū)主要分布在地形坡度相對平緩的地帶�；�于預(yù)測評價結(jié)果,著重對雅魯藏布江直白-扎曲段地震滑坡-碎屑流堵江的危險性進(jìn)行了分析,并進(jìn)一步探討了該段50年超越概率2%地震滑坡-碎屑流堵江的危險性。
[Abstract]:The eastern Himalayan tectonic junction is located in the southeast of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. It is one of the strongest tectonic activities and the fastest uplift rate on the earth.Along with the rapid uplift of the crust, various denudation and surface erosion have shaped the geomorphological features of the present mountain canyons.Under the interaction of internal and external dynamic forces, geological hazards are extremely developed, not only in many types, but also in great harm, which poses a severe challenge to the planning and construction of highway, railway and hydropower projects in this area.On the basis of summarizing the previous geological hazard data, combining with remote sensing interpretation and field investigation, this paper analyzes and studies the development characteristics and distribution law of landslides in the eastern Himalayan tectonic junction area, and carries out the landslide vulnerability evaluation.The prediction and evaluation of landslide risk under potential earthquake mainly obtained the following results and cognition: 1) the landslide in the study area is under the background of uplift, accepting the erosion and cutting of the river, and forming favorable topographical and geomorphological and geological structural conditions.And formed under the trigger of gravity and internal and external dynamic geological action.The landslide mainly distributes along the Brahmaputra River, the Palong Zangbo River and the Layue qu, and is densely distributed in the cutting serious area.The activity of landslide is characterized by periodicity, which is closely related to seismic activity and climate fluctuation. (2) taking Lulangjionong landslide as an example, based on the analysis of geological background of landslide area and the detailed investigation of landslide characteristics,It is put forward that the formation and evolution of Jiabunong landslide experienced four stages: the initial deformation stage of the unloading structure plane of the valley and the rock mass fragmentation stage of the slope body.The dynamic discrete element analysis method is used to reproduce the process of landslide instability, which has some enlightening significance for understanding the formation mechanism of giant landslide in the study area.The evaluation method of landslide susceptibility based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and logical regression (LRIC) is put forward, and eight influencing factors, such as stratigraphic lithology, slope gradient, slope direction, slope shape, elevation, fault, river and road, are selected.The susceptibility of landslides in the eastern Himalayan tectonic junction area was evaluated.Through the test of the evaluation results and the sensitivity analysis of the influencing factors, it is concluded that the results of the susceptibility evaluation are not only related to the selected evaluation model, but also related to the type and quantity of the selected evaluation factors.Finally, the evaluation results are divided into four grades: extremely high risk area, high susceptible area, middle susceptible area and low prone area, which accurately reflect the distribution rule of landslide in the study area.Seismic and geological hazards are the main factors restricting the planning and construction of major projects and disaster prevention and mitigation in this area.Considering the influence of river scour, active fracture on the strength of rock mass structure and the magnification effect of topography on ground motion, the Newmark cumulative displacement model based on probabilistic earthquake is adopted.In this paper, the risk assessment of landslide induced by earthquake induced by 10% earthquake in the east Himalayan tectonic junction area is studied.The results show that the extremely high risk areas are mainly located at the corner peaks, edge ridges and steep hillsides on both sides of the river in Nianqing Tanggula, Himalaya and Gangri Gabu Mountains, and the high and middle dangerous areas are mainly located at the corner peaks of the snow mountains and below the edge ridges.The two sides of the gully and the relatively high steep slope through which the fault passes, and the low dangerous area is mainly distributed in the area with relatively gentle topographic slope.Based on the prediction and evaluation results, the risk of seismic landslide and debris flow plugging the river in Zhanbai Zakui section of Yalu Zangbo River is analyzed, and the risk of landslide and debris flow plugging the river in the 50 years' exceeding probability of 2% earthquake is further discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P642.22

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本文編號：1741616