發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-16 06:07

  本文選題：多級(jí)次地下水流系統(tǒng) + 自流狀況　； 參考：《中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：區(qū)域地下水流理論較好地刻畫了盆地尺度的地下水循環(huán)與演化規(guī)律,是指導(dǎo)地下水生產(chǎn)、研究的有力工具。識(shí)別盆地內(nèi)部不同級(jí)次地下水流系統(tǒng)的空間分布是應(yīng)用該理論進(jìn)行地下水資源勘查和解釋一系列相關(guān)水文地質(zhì)問題的前提和關(guān)鍵。本博士論文在深入分析多級(jí)次地下水流系統(tǒng)的自流狀況、礦化度空間分布和滯留時(shí)間分布特征的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了三種方法,有效識(shí)別盆地內(nèi)部不同級(jí)次的地下水流系統(tǒng)。前人關(guān)于自流狀況的研究多為定性描述。通過引入潛水面“相對(duì)起伏”因子建立地形起伏和潛水面分布的定量關(guān)系,并定義自流水頭,推導(dǎo)得到了理想單元盆地和理想復(fù)雜盆地自流水頭的解析解,定量分析了盆地自流狀況及其影響因素。研究表明,理想單元盆地中,自流水頭在河谷附近取值為正,在分水嶺附近取值為負(fù),垂向上近似呈負(fù)指數(shù)變化。自流水頭取值為零的等值線為自流區(qū)和非自流區(qū)的分界線,對(duì)應(yīng)自流井發(fā)育的臨界深度。盆地自流狀況受到盆地深寬比,潛水面“相對(duì)起伏”因子和滲透系數(shù)的各向異性比和衰減系數(shù)的顯著影響。理想復(fù)雜盆地中,呈嵌套結(jié)構(gòu)的多級(jí)次地下水流系統(tǒng)對(duì)盆地自流水頭的空間分布具有顯著影響。盆地內(nèi)部可以發(fā)育多個(gè)自流區(qū)和非自流區(qū)。區(qū)域分水嶺附近的局部河谷處(或區(qū)域河谷附近的局部分水嶺處),自流水頭隨埋深變化的曲線中存在極值,所在深度附近發(fā)育內(nèi)部駐點(diǎn)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,盆地自流狀況的理論研究成果被應(yīng)用于鄂爾多斯高原的兩個(gè)野外實(shí)例。理想單元盆地實(shí)例研究中,使用實(shí)測自流水頭隨埋深變化曲線的斜率估算了滲透系數(shù)的各向異性比和衰減系數(shù)；理想復(fù)雜盆地實(shí)例研究中,使用實(shí)測自流水頭隨埋深變化曲線中的極值識(shí)別了地下水流系統(tǒng)的多級(jí)次循環(huán)模式。地下水礦化度蘊(yùn)含著地下水循環(huán)與演化過程中的重要信息。首先通過引入地下水礦化度的控制方程,使用COMSOL Multiphysics模擬得到了理想復(fù)雜盆地地下水礦化度的空間分布,發(fā)現(xiàn)存在兩大突出特征：局部和區(qū)域水流系統(tǒng)在盆地下游存在地下水礦化度的垂向突變界面；兩個(gè)相鄰的局部水流系統(tǒng)之間存在“脊?fàn)睢本植扛叩V化度異常帶。這兩大特征是后續(xù)地球物理勘探解譯的理論基礎(chǔ)。然后,嘗試使用EH-4電導(dǎo)率成像系統(tǒng)獲得了都思兔河流域中下游一條南北向跨河剖面的視電阻率空間分布,并根據(jù)相關(guān)水文地質(zhì)鉆孔資料和勘探點(diǎn)附近的民井水化學(xué)資料,驗(yàn)證了地球物理勘探結(jié)果的可靠性,建立了白堊系含水層視電阻率與地下水礦化度的經(jīng)驗(yàn)關(guān)系,進(jìn)而近似得到了白堊系含水層地下水礦化度的空間分布。最后,將地下水礦化度的實(shí)測分布與理論模擬分布相類比,綜合考慮地形和蒸發(fā)濃縮作用,解譯了地球物理勘探剖面白堊系含水層中的多級(jí)次地下水流系統(tǒng)。盆地地下水滯留時(shí)間分布從時(shí)間域的角度審視了盆地尺度地下水的循環(huán)與演化。依據(jù)不同級(jí)次地下水流系統(tǒng)滯留時(shí)間的離散特征,提出了適用于復(fù)雜三維地下水流場的“晚峰”法�！巴矸濉狈ㄊ褂肕ODFLOW和MODPATH計(jì)算盆地地下水滯留時(shí)間分布密度函數(shù)和盆地地下水滯留時(shí)間場,將盆地地下水滯留時(shí)間分布密度函數(shù)中的“晚峰”作為臨界滯留時(shí)間劃分盆地地下水滯留時(shí)間場,進(jìn)而識(shí)別局部、中間和區(qū)域地下水流系統(tǒng)。為了驗(yàn)證“晚峰”法的適用性,分別引入二維、三維理想復(fù)雜盆地模型作為算例。算例結(jié)果表明,“晚峰”法的識(shí)別結(jié)果與傳統(tǒng)模型識(shí)別方法,駐點(diǎn)法(二維)和補(bǔ)給-排泄流線追蹤法(三維),一致。最后,選擇鄂爾多斯高原都思兔河流域開展綜合研究。基于當(dāng)?shù)厮�文地質(zhì)條件,使用MODFLOW建立了該流域的地下水流數(shù)值模型,并使用實(shí)測地下水位和自流井分布信息進(jìn)行了模型校正。在水流模型的基礎(chǔ)上,首先使用MODPATH定量研究了地下水的滲流路徑和滯留時(shí)間,發(fā)現(xiàn)地下水徑流長度、穿透深度和滯留時(shí)間兩兩近似服從冪次定律；然后使用“晚峰”法識(shí)別了都思兔河流域的局部和區(qū)域地下水流系統(tǒng),定量研究發(fā)現(xiàn)局部水流系統(tǒng)具有徑流長度短(l*0.53),穿透深度淺(d*0.2),滯留時(shí)間短(t*0.18),流域體積占有率低(約占22%),地下水循環(huán)量大(約占76%)的特點(diǎn)(區(qū)域水流系統(tǒng)具有相反特點(diǎn))；最后通過與基于水文地球化學(xué)和地球物理勘探的識(shí)別結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較,證明了“晚峰”法的有效性。本博士論文的相關(guān)研究成果不僅有助于深入認(rèn)知鄂爾多斯高原地區(qū)地下水的循環(huán)與演化規(guī)律,促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)氐叵滤�資源的合理開發(fā)利用,還是對(duì)區(qū)域地下水流理論的補(bǔ)充與完善。
[Abstract]:Regional groundwater flow theory which describes groundwater circulation and evolution of the basin scale, is a powerful tool to study the groundwater production and distribution within the basin. The identification of different levels of underground water space is the application of the theory of groundwater resources exploration and interpretation of the premise and key of a series of related hydrogeological problems. This thesis in depth analysis of multistage underground water artesian conditions, mineralization degree and spatial distribution of residence time distribution based on the feature of the proposed three methods, the groundwater flow system to effectively identify the different grades of the interior of the basin. The study on the status of the previous artesian for more qualitative description. Through the introduction of water table "fluctuation" factor of topography and the quantitative relationship between the distribution of the diving surface, and the definition of artesian head is derived, the ideal unit of basin and basin since the ideal complex flow The head of the analytical solution, the quantitative analysis of the factors of self status and its impact basin. The study shows that the ideal unit in the basin, in the valley near the artesian head value is positive, negative values in the watershed near, vertically in a negative exponential change. The value of artesian head contour is zero artesian area and non artesian area the dividing line, the corresponding critical depth of artesian well development. Basin artesian conditions have significantly affected the depth to width ratio, anisotropy of water table "relative fluctuation" factor and the permeability coefficient ratio and attenuation coefficient. The ideal complex basin, a multi-level groundwater flow system of nested structure has significant effect on the spatial distribution of basin artesian head the interior of the basin. Can the development of multiple self and non self. The local area near the river valley watershed (at the local watershed or region near the valley), artesian head changes with depth The existence of extremal curve, located near the depth of internal development stagnation. On this basis, the status of the theoretical research results of artesian basin was applied to two field examples Ordos plateau. The ideal research unit basin example, using the measured slope artesian head changes with depth curve to estimate the anisotropic permeability coefficient ratio and attenuation coefficient ideal; complex basin case study, using the observed extreme artesian head changes with depth curve of the identified multistage circulation mode of underground water. The mineralization degree of groundwater contains important information of groundwater circulation and evolution. Firstly, applied to the governing equation of groundwater salinity, the use of COMSOL Multiphysics simulation to obtain the ideal complex the distribution of groundwater salinity, it is found that there are two prominent features: local and regional water system in the basin You are the salinity of groundwater vertical mutation "ridge" interface; local high salinity anomaly zone between two adjacent local flow system. These two characteristics is the theoretical basis for subsequent geophysical interpretation. Then, try to use the EH-4 conductivity imaging system was lower in dusitu River Basin in a North and south to the spatial distribution of apparent resistivity profiles across the river, and the water chemistry data according to near borehole data and hydrogeological exploration point, verify the reliability of geophysical exploration results, experience the Cretaceous aquifer resistivity and groundwater salinity, then the approximate distribution of the Cretaceous aquifer groundwater salinity the space is obtained. Finally, the measured distribution and the theory of groundwater salinity distribution simulation analogy, considering the topography and evaporation, geophysical interpretation The exploration section of Cretaceous aquifers in multistage underground water. Groundwater residence time distribution from the time domain to the perspective of circulation and evolution of the basin scale groundwater. Based on the discrete characteristics of underground water system of different levels of retention time, was proposed for the complex three-dimensional flow field in the late evening peak "method." the peak method using MODFLOW and MODPATH to calculate the groundwater residence time distribution density function and the residence time of groundwater basin, the basin groundwater residence time distribution density function in the "late peak" as a critical time dividing basin groundwater residence time field, and then identify the local, intermediate and regional groundwater flow system. In order to verify the applicability of "the evening peak" method, were introduced into two-dimensional, three-dimensional model of ideal complex basin as an example. The numerical results show that the "late peak" method recognition results With the traditional model identification method, stationary point method (2D) and supplies - excretion (San Wei), streamline tracing method. Finally, choose dusitu River Basin Ordos plateau to carry out a comprehensive study. Based on the local hydrogeological conditions, groundwater flow in the basin of the numerical model is established using MODFLOW, and the use of underground water and artesian well measured distribution information the model calibration. Based on the flow model, firstly study the seepage path of groundwater and the residence time of the use of MODPATH quantitative analysis, found the groundwater runoff length, depth of penetration and retention time of 22 approximately obey the power law; then use the "late peak" method to identify the dusitu River Basin local and regional groundwater flow system. Quantitative study found that the local flow system with short length of runoff (l*0.53), shallow penetration depth (d*0.2), short retention time (t*0.18), watershed volume share is low (about 2 2%), groundwater circulation volume is large (about 76%) (the characteristics of regional flow system has the opposite characteristics); and finally the hydrogeochemical and identification of geophysical exploration based on the results of the comparison, proved the effectiveness of the late peak "method. The relevant research results of this dissertation not only circulation and evolution contribute to the in-depth understanding of Erdos plateau groundwater, promote the rational exploitation and utilization of local groundwater resources, or to supplement and perfection of the theory of regional groundwater flow.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P641

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