發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-09 18:25

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：南黃海盆地中部第四紀(jì)地震層序與地層學(xué)　出處：《中國海洋大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 第四紀(jì) 地震地層學(xué) 大陸架 南黃海

【摘要】：黃海是一個(gè)半封閉的陸架淺海，內(nèi)外營力共同作用使得其沉積物質(zhì)中蘊(yùn)藏著豐富的陸地、海洋及其相互作用的信息：長江和黃河兩條大河以及其它中小河流帶來了充沛的陸源物質(zhì)供應(yīng)，構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)導(dǎo)致的盆地沉降為沉積體的發(fā)育提供了可觀的可容空間，全球氣候冷暖旋回導(dǎo)致了海平面頻繁而劇烈波動(dòng)以及復(fù)雜的海洋動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)。因此黃海地區(qū)是為研究第四紀(jì)環(huán)境變化的良好靶區(qū)。本研究基于南黃海盆地中部高分辨率地震剖面數(shù)據(jù)，結(jié)合巖芯的年代地層劃分，采用地震地層學(xué)、層序地層學(xué)、沉積地層學(xué)等多種方法，揭示南黃海盆地中部第四紀(jì)地層的時(shí)空發(fā)育規(guī)律，重建南黃海盆地中部與構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)和海平面變化等因素相適應(yīng)的第四紀(jì)沉積地層演化模式。 本研究通過分析地震反射結(jié)構(gòu)及其接觸關(guān)系，共識(shí)別出14個(gè)主要的地震反射界面，并以此劃分出13個(gè)主要的地震地層單元SU1~SU13。使用相關(guān)巖芯的年代數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)地震地層進(jìn)行年代標(biāo)定，由此確定了上述13個(gè)地震單元為1.95MaB.P.以來形成的。研究區(qū)內(nèi)的第四紀(jì)地層呈現(xiàn)海陸交互沉積的特點(diǎn)，并且整體上繼承了上新統(tǒng)的“南北厚中間薄”沉積分布格局。研究區(qū)內(nèi)第四系（Q）的平均厚度為91.2m，其中，下更新統(tǒng)（Q1）平均厚度為11.8m，中更新統(tǒng)（Q2）平均厚度為38.1m，上更新統(tǒng)（Q3）平均厚度為34.9m，全新統(tǒng)（Q4）地層平均厚度為5.7m。 海平面周期性升降是造成區(qū)域內(nèi)地層海陸交互沉積模式的關(guān)鍵因素，由此造成的一系列不整合界面組成了南黃海盆地第四紀(jì)沉積地層的骨架。海平面升降的幅度和周期在一定的范圍內(nèi)影響了海相地層發(fā)育的規(guī)模：在900ka B.P.以前海平面高頻低振幅波動(dòng)時(shí)期，區(qū)域內(nèi)發(fā)育了小規(guī)模的濱海及近海相沉積地層；在128ka B.P.以后海平面低頻高振幅波動(dòng)時(shí)期，發(fā)育大規(guī)模的淺海相沉積地層；而在900~128ka B.P.期間，海相地層發(fā)育則沒有對(duì)應(yīng)較高的海平面水平和較長的高海面持續(xù)時(shí)間，這種地層發(fā)育與海平面水平相背離的現(xiàn)象應(yīng)該與構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)有關(guān)。 構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)及其繼承性的影響因素控制了晚更新世以前區(qū)域內(nèi)地層在空間上的發(fā)育和分布模式。浙閩-嶺南隆起帶在晚更新世以前一直都是海水入侵黃海的主要障礙。南黃海中部隆起帶在晚更新以前表現(xiàn)出了繼承性的抬升作用，這種相對(duì)抬升于中更新世緩和并于晚更新世初終止，導(dǎo)致南黃海盆地中部地層晚更新世以前發(fā)育和分布呈現(xiàn)“南北厚中間薄”的模式，而晚更新世以后，地層的發(fā)育和分布已經(jīng)不再受中部隆起帶的束縛。 河流物質(zhì)是研究區(qū)沉積地層最主要的物質(zhì)來源，河流輸入的物質(zhì)對(duì)研究區(qū)MIS1、MIS3和MIS5的海相沉積地層的貢獻(xiàn)分別為65.9%、55.9%和69.0%，其中黃河是研究區(qū)所有入海河流中物質(zhì)貢獻(xiàn)最大者，另外海洋動(dòng)力侵蝕、改造和再分配的海床物質(zhì)也是研究區(qū)主要的物質(zhì)來源。海洋動(dòng)力是影響沉積物改造、搬運(yùn)、沉積等環(huán)節(jié)的關(guān)鍵因素，，其作用在晚更新世以來的兩次高海平面時(shí)期得以顯現(xiàn)。研究區(qū)海相地層SU1~SU13沉積速率分別為54.6、46.8、30.2、6.6、9.2、3.5和5.1cm/ka，可見海相地層沉積速率自晚更新世起上升了一個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí)，這種現(xiàn)象不但與青藏高原隆升和MIS5e時(shí)期特殊的暖熱導(dǎo)致的物源區(qū)侵蝕和河流輸沙量激增有關(guān)，而且與穩(wěn)定的高海面導(dǎo)致的海洋動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)對(duì)物質(zhì)的輸送和分配能力增強(qiáng)有關(guān)。 影響南黃海盆地中部沉積地層發(fā)育和演化的主要因素是海平面變化和構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)，而河流物質(zhì)供應(yīng)和海洋動(dòng)力環(huán)境等因素也起著重要的作用�？刂频貙影l(fā)育和演化的主導(dǎo)因素在晚更新世伊始發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變：晚更新世以前構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)及其繼承性的影響是控制和約束研究區(qū)地層發(fā)育的主導(dǎo)因素，而晚更新世以后海平面的波動(dòng)、河流物質(zhì)供應(yīng)以及海洋動(dòng)力環(huán)境的共同作用則成為主導(dǎo)的控制因素。
[Abstract]:The Yellow Sea is the 1.5 shelf closed, the joint action of internal and external force so that the deposited material is rich in land, sea and the interaction of information: the Yangtze River and the Yellow River river two rivers and other small rivers brought abundant terrigenous material supply, providing substantial accommodation to the subsidence of the basin is tectonic movement sedimentary development, global climate changes cycle caused ocean power system of sea level frequent fluctuations and complex. Therefore the Yellow Sea area is a good target for Quaternary environmental research changes. This research is based on the middle of the South Yellow Sea basin high-resolution seismic data, combined with the stratigraphic division of the core, using seismic stratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy. The sedimentary stratigraphy and other methods, reveals the middle Quaternary strata of South Yellow Sea basin development law, reconstruction of the South Yellow Sea Basin in the Department The Quaternary sedimentary stratigraphic evolution model adapted to the tectonic movement and the sea level change.
Through the analysis of the seismic reflection structure and contact relationship, identified 14 main seismic reflection interface, and the division of seismic stratigraphic age calibration data in 13 main seismic stratigraphic unit SU1~SU13. associated with the use of the core, so as to determine the 13 seismic units for 1.95MaB.P. since the formation of the characteristics of the study. Within the area of Quaternary strata showed paralic deposition, and inherited the Pliocene "north south middle thick thin sedimentary patterns. In the research area of Quaternary (Q) the average thickness is 91.2m, the lower Pleistocene (Q1) the average thickness is 11.8M, the Middle Pleistocene (Q2) average thickness for 38.1m, the upper Pleistocene (Q3) the average thickness is 34.9m, the average thickness of the Holocene (Q4) formation is 5.7m.
The sea level fluctuation is the key factors in regional strata paralic depositional model, resulting in a series of unconformity interface composed of Quaternary sedimentary strata in the South Yellow Sea basin skeleton. The period and amplitude of sea-level change affects the marine strata size in a certain range in 900ka B.P. before the sea level low frequency the amplitude of fluctuation period, regional development of the coastal and offshore small-scale sedimentary strata; in 128ka B.P. after the sea level low frequency and high amplitude fluctuation period, the development of large-scale shallow sea facies sedimentary strata; and during the 900~ 128ka B.P., the high sea marine strata does not correspond to a high sea level and longer duration. The formation and development of sea level phase deviation should be related to tectonic movement.
Influence of tectonic movement and inherited factors before control of the late Pleistocene stratum in the space of the regional development and distribution pattern. The Zhejiang Fujian south of the Five Ridges uplift in the late Pleistocene has been a main obstacle to seawater intrusion in the Yellow Sea. The central uplift of the uplift of the inheritance table in the late update before this relative uplift in Middle Pleistocene and late Pleistocene to early termination of relaxation, resulting in middle of the South Yellow Sea basin formation before late Pleistocene development and distribution show "north south middle thick thin" model, and the late Pleistocene, development and distribution of strata is no longer affected by the shackles of the central uplift belt.
The river is the main material sources of sedimentary strata in the study area, MIS1 river input material to the study area, marine sedimentary strata MIS3 and MIS5 contributions were 65.9%, 55.9% and 69%, of which the Yellow River is the study area all substances in rivers of the greatest contribution, the other offshore ocean power erosion, main source of material transformation the material is also on the seabed and redistribution area. Ocean power is the effects of sediment transport, transformation, key factors and other aspects of the role of deposition, to appear in the two high sea level period since late Pleistocene. The deposition rate of marine strata SU1~SU13 were 54.6,46.8,30.2,6.6,9.2,3.5 and 5.1cm/ka, the deposition rate of marine strata visible up a number of since late Pleistocene, this phenomenon not only with the Qinghai Tibet Plateau special rise and MIS5e period of warm heat causes provenance of erosion and sediment discharge The surge is related, and it is related to the enhancement of the transport and distribution of material to the marine power system resulting from a stable high sea level.
The main factors affecting the development and evolution of the Central South Yellow Sea basin sedimentary formation is the sea level change and tectonic movement, and river material supply and marine dynamic environment and other factors also play an important role. The main factor controlling the development and evolution of the late Pleistocene strata in the beginning of changes: Late Pleistocene tectonic movement and its influence before inheritance is the leading factors of strata control and constraint of the study area, and after the late Pleistocene sea-level fluctuations, river material supply and ocean dynamic environment interaction has become the dominant controlling factor.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P736.22;P539.1

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