清代西遼河流域自然環(huán)境的變遷及成因研究
本文關(guān)鍵詞:清代西遼河流域自然環(huán)境的變遷及成因研究 出處:《遼寧大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文
【摘要】:本文將清代西遼河流域的自然環(huán)境依據(jù)其變化程度分為三個(gè)階段:順治元年至乾隆十二年間(1644~1747年),這一時(shí)期西遼河流域自然環(huán)境較明末有所恢復(fù);乾隆十三年到光緒二十七年間(1748~1901年)這一時(shí)期西遼河流域自然環(huán)境遭到嚴(yán)重的破壞;光緒二十八年到清末民初年間(1902~1911年),這一時(shí)期西遼河流域的自然環(huán)境惡化趨勢明顯加重。通過上述考察,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)西遼河流域的自然環(huán)境在清代呈逐漸惡化的趨勢,主要表現(xiàn)在植被的退化、土地的沙漠化、動(dòng)物種類減少、水系萎縮等,主要因素是伴隨著漢族農(nóng)業(yè)人口的移入、耕地面積的擴(kuò)大、農(nóng)業(yè)生活方式的引入,加之清代為小冰期,氣候干冷對(duì)本地的影響等。上述兩個(gè)方面因素中,人為因素是主要和居首位的因素,自然因素居次要地位。上述三個(gè)時(shí)期西遼河流域自然環(huán)境的狀況和變化的成因既有相似之處,也有區(qū)別,這也是本文分三個(gè)階段考察西遼河流域環(huán)境變化及成因的原因。換句話說,既要找出三個(gè)階段的共性,又要找出區(qū)別,比如三個(gè)時(shí)期清政府政策的不同等。
[Abstract]:The natural environment in West Liaohe River Basin in the Qing Dynasty is divided into three stages according to the degree of change: the first year of Shunzhi to Qianlong twelve years (1644~1747 years), during this period, the West Liaohe River Basin is the natural environment has been restored; thirteen years of Qianlong to Guangxu twenty-seven years (1748~1901 years) this period of natural environment in West Liaohe River Basin was seriously destruction; twenty-eight years Guangxu in the late Qing Dynasty period (1902~1911 years), during this period, the West Liaohe River basin natural environment deterioration was aggravated. Through the above study, we found that the West Liaohe River basin natural environment is gradually deteriorating trend in the Qing Dynasty, mainly in vegetation degradation, land desertification, animal species decreased, water system atrophy, the main factor is with the Han Chinese agricultural population transfer, the cultivation area expanded, agricultural lifestyle is introduced, and the the Qing Dynasty is the little ice age, the impact on the local climate is dry. Among the above two factors, human factors are the main and the first factors, and natural factors are secondary. In the three periods above, there are similarities and differences between the natural environment and the causes of the changes in the West Liaohe River Basin. This is also the reason why the environmental changes and causes of the West Liaohe River Basin are divided into three stages. In other words, we should not only find out the commonness of the three stages, but also find out the differences, such as the different policies of the Qing government in the three periods.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2015
【分類號(hào)】:X171.1;K249
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