發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-11 19:25

  本文選題：交通微循環(huán) + 雙層規(guī)劃�。� 參考：《重慶交通大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),城市交通擁堵問(wèn)題越來(lái)越成為交通規(guī)劃建設(shè)專家們面臨的問(wèn)題,目前最常用的解決交通擁堵策略有建設(shè)新道路、拓寬改造、智能交通系統(tǒng)以及交通組織優(yōu)化,這些措施有一定的成效。大部分交通擁堵問(wèn)題癥結(jié)在主要干道和交叉口節(jié)點(diǎn)上,而支路利用率非常低,逐步完善現(xiàn)有路網(wǎng)的支路微循環(huán)系統(tǒng)是一種解決現(xiàn)有片區(qū)交通擁堵的新的探索方向,既為干道分壓減流,均衡路網(wǎng)流量,又節(jié)約了土地資源。因此,路網(wǎng)交通微循環(huán)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的是否合理將直接關(guān)系到能否將干道上的交通流吸引到支路上,提升路網(wǎng)交通運(yùn)行效率。本文通過(guò)對(duì)現(xiàn)有的微循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)理念進(jìn)行總結(jié),并提出微循環(huán)網(wǎng)絡(luò)交通組織優(yōu)化模型和求解算法。首先,以醫(yī)學(xué)中的血液循環(huán)功能為例引申出城市路網(wǎng)微循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的含義,并從影響規(guī)模上、持續(xù)時(shí)間、交通載體、路段單向性、出行目的等方面劃分微循環(huán)的類型,總結(jié)了交通微循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的交通壓力過(guò)渡、可達(dá)性、解決片區(qū)交通擁堵等功能特性,深入的探討交通需求、交通流、交通組織優(yōu)化三大微循環(huán)交通特性。其次,從微循環(huán)路網(wǎng)的交通需求分布、交通流量大小以及交通組織現(xiàn)狀來(lái)診斷路網(wǎng)存在的交通問(wèn)題,建立以最小化區(qū)域干道平均飽和度、最小化區(qū)域干道飽和度超限量、最小化區(qū)域支路路段平均飽和度為優(yōu)化目標(biāo)的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化的雙層規(guī)劃模型,決策變量為微循環(huán)路網(wǎng)支路路段的行車組織方向。下層規(guī)劃是各個(gè)路段的交通量在干道、支路路段通行能力和飽和度的限定條件下符合用戶平衡配流模型,各個(gè)路段的交通量即下層規(guī)劃的決策變量。再次,對(duì)比分析現(xiàn)代智能算法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)、適用范圍以及應(yīng)用原理,遺傳算法使用決策變量的實(shí)際值來(lái)進(jìn)行編碼分析,并以適應(yīng)度函數(shù)作為索引搜索解集合的信息,提高了程序運(yùn)行效率。基于遺傳算法的簡(jiǎn)便、高效、魯棒性強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)了求解模型的遺傳算法,得出路網(wǎng)進(jìn)行微循環(huán)優(yōu)化后的交通組織優(yōu)化方案。最后,針對(duì)現(xiàn)狀和優(yōu)化后的微循環(huán)路網(wǎng)交通組織優(yōu)化方案,采用仿真軟件TransCAD進(jìn)行宏觀建模,提取仿真結(jié)果中的交通量、路徑行車方案等參數(shù),構(gòu)建微觀仿真Vissim模型,輸出延誤、排隊(duì)長(zhǎng)度等交通參數(shù)的結(jié)果,最后以宏觀和微觀仿真結(jié)果參數(shù)建立評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,借助評(píng)價(jià)軟件MCE,采用灰色多層次綜合評(píng)價(jià)法對(duì)路網(wǎng)微循環(huán)優(yōu)化方案進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),對(duì)比分析現(xiàn)狀與優(yōu)化后的微循環(huán)路網(wǎng)交通組織方案,驗(yàn)證優(yōu)化后微循環(huán)路網(wǎng)交通組織方案的有效性和合理性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the problem of urban traffic congestion has become more and more a problem faced by traffic planning and construction experts. At present, the most commonly used strategies to solve traffic congestion are to build new roads, broaden and transform, optimize the intelligent transportation system and traffic organization.These measures have had some effect.Most of the traffic congestion problem lies in the main trunk roads and intersections, but the utilization rate of the branch roads is very low. It is a new exploration direction to gradually improve the branch road microcirculation system of the existing road network to solve the traffic congestion in the existing areas.Both for the main road pressure and flow reduction, balance network flow, but also save land resources.Therefore, whether the design of traffic microcirculation system of road network is reasonable or not is directly related to whether the traffic flow on the trunk road can be attracted to the branch road and improve the efficiency of traffic operation of the road network.In this paper, the design idea of microcirculation system is summarized, and the traffic organization optimization model and solving algorithm of microcirculation network are put forward.First of all, taking the function of blood circulation in medicine as an example, the meaning of the microcirculation system of urban road network is derived, and the types of microcirculation are classified from the aspects of influence scale, duration, traffic carrier, one-way road section, travel purpose, etc.This paper summarizes the traffic pressure transition, accessibility, traffic congestion and other functional characteristics of traffic microcirculation system, and discusses the traffic demand, traffic flow and traffic organization optimization of three microcirculation traffic characteristics.Secondly, the traffic problems are diagnosed from the distribution of traffic demand, traffic volume and traffic organization of the microcirculation network, and the average saturation of the regional trunk road is minimized, and the saturation of the regional trunk road is minimized.A bilevel programming model that minimizes the average saturation of regional branch sections is a multi-objective optimization model, and the decision variable is the traffic organization direction of the branch road sections of the microcirculation network.The lower level planning is the decision variable of the traffic volume of each section under the limited condition of traffic capacity and saturation of the trunk road and branch road section in accordance with the user equilibrium flow allocation model, and the traffic volume of each section is the decision variable of the lower layer planning.Thirdly, the advantages and disadvantages, application scope and application principle of modern intelligent algorithm are compared and analyzed. Genetic algorithm uses the actual value of decision variable to code analysis, and uses fitness function as index to search the information of solution set.The running efficiency of the program is improved.Based on the advantages of genetic algorithm (GA), such as simplicity, efficiency and robustness, a genetic algorithm for solving the model is designed, and the traffic organization optimization scheme after microcirculation optimization of road network is obtained.Finally, aiming at the current situation and the optimized traffic organization optimization scheme of the microcirculation road network, we use the simulation software TransCAD to carry on the macroscopic modeling, extract the traffic volume, route plan and other parameters in the simulation result, construct the microscopic simulation Vissim model, output delay.Finally, the evaluation index system is established with the parameters of macro and micro simulation results. By means of the evaluation software MCEand the grey multilevel comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the optimization scheme of road network microcirculation.By comparing and analyzing the current situation and the optimized traffic organization scheme of the microcirculation network, the validity and rationality of the optimized traffic organization scheme of the microcirculation network are verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：U491

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