發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-12 18:50

  本文選題：交通事件 + 高速公路　； 參考：《長安大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：交通事件是高速公路使用中的常見問題，對(duì)高速公路上的駕駛員極易造成影響，引發(fā)二次事故，，明顯降低高速公路的服務(wù)性能。國內(nèi)外交通發(fā)展的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)表明，解決交通事件引發(fā)的問題，需要合理的制定交通組織形式，科學(xué)的采取限速值，有效的設(shè)置限速標(biāo)志，最大化的利用交通資源，更好的服務(wù)駕駛?cè)藛T。本文針對(duì)我國高速公路交通事件特性，結(jié)合常見的交通組織形式，研究發(fā)生在高速公路基本路段和特殊點(diǎn)段交通事件的限速問題以及限速標(biāo)志的設(shè)置問題，進(jìn)而為交通實(shí)踐提供科學(xué)的理論依據(jù)。 本文的主要工作如下： 1、劃分交通事件的影響區(qū)及給出區(qū)段長度的計(jì)算方法。將交通事件影響區(qū)區(qū)段劃分為：警告區(qū)、上游過渡區(qū)、緩沖區(qū)、工作區(qū)、下游過渡區(qū)、終止區(qū)，并對(duì)每一區(qū)段內(nèi)行駛車輛的速度離散性和快慢與行車安全的關(guān)系進(jìn)行分析。 2、基于高速公路基本路段限速問題的模擬研究，旨在分析基本路段的交通流特性，主要包括道路通行能力、合流區(qū)車輛變道特性和車輛換道安全間隙。車輛以臨界間距實(shí)施換道行為時(shí)，即認(rèn)定為換道沖突；車輛以不同速度在同一車道行駛，前后車速和加速度達(dá)到某一差值時(shí)，即認(rèn)定為追尾沖突。交通沖突數(shù)越多則表明越不安全，通行能力折減越大則表明通行效率越低。通過上述條件建立元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)微觀仿真模型，進(jìn)行對(duì)于雙向四車道以及雙向八車道在不同交通組織形式下限速值大小的模擬研究，提供最終建議限速值。 3、對(duì)長大下坡、匝道、隧道等特殊點(diǎn)段的限速問題進(jìn)行具體研究。引入特殊點(diǎn)段概念的界定，結(jié)合車輛在特殊點(diǎn)段上的制動(dòng)安全性和換道安全間隙的分析，通過特殊點(diǎn)段交通組織形式元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)仿真模型的建立，最終得出不同坡度不同交通量大小情況下的建議限速值，以及匝道、隧道的建議限速值 4、對(duì)限速標(biāo)志的合理位置進(jìn)行深入探討。首先對(duì)于限速標(biāo)志進(jìn)行類型劃分，指出限速標(biāo)志在施工作業(yè)區(qū)與交通事故下的異同點(diǎn)；其次針對(duì)駕駛員的生理特性，分析限速標(biāo)志對(duì)于駕駛員的影響；再次關(guān)于基本路段和特殊點(diǎn)段，給出限速標(biāo)志的具體位置；最終對(duì)于限速標(biāo)志位置設(shè)置模型的應(yīng)用性與有效性進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。
[Abstract]:Traffic event is a common problem in the use of freeway, which can easily affect the drivers on the expressway, cause secondary accidents, and obviously reduce the service performance of the expressway.The practical experience and lessons of traffic development at home and abroad show that to solve the problems caused by traffic events, it is necessary to make reasonable traffic organization form, scientifically adopt the speed limit value, effectively set speed limit signs, and maximize the use of traffic resources.Better service for drivers.In this paper, according to the characteristics of expressway traffic events in China, combined with the common traffic organization, this paper studies the speed limit problem and the setting of speed limit signs in the basic section and special section of highway.Then provide scientific theoretical basis for traffic practice.The main work of this paper is as follows:1. Divide the affected area of traffic event and give the calculation method of section length.The traffic event impact area is divided into warning area, upstream transition area, buffer zone, working area, downstream transition area and termination area. The relationship between speed dispersion and speed and traffic safety in each section is analyzed.2. Based on the simulation of the speed limit of the basic section of expressway, the traffic flow characteristics of the basic section are analyzed, including the capacity of the road, the characteristics of the vehicle in the confluence area and the safety clearance of the vehicle changing.When the vehicle carries out the change behavior with the critical distance, it is recognized as the conflict of changing the road, and when the vehicle travels in the same lane at different speeds, the rear end conflict is determined when the speed and acceleration of the vehicle reach a certain difference.The more traffic conflicts, the more unsafe, and the larger the capacity reduction, the lower the traffic efficiency.Based on the above conditions, the microcosmic simulation model of cellular automata is established to simulate the speed limit of bidirectional four-lane and two-way eight-lane under different traffic organization forms, and to provide the final suggested speed limit.3. The speed limit of special points such as long downhill, ramp, tunnel and so on is studied concretely.This paper introduces the definition of special point segment, combining with the analysis of braking safety and safety clearance of vehicle on special point section, and establishes the simulation model of cellular automata, which is the traffic organization form of special point segment.Finally, the recommended speed limits for different slopes and different traffic volumes, as well as the recommended speed limits for ramps and tunnels are obtained.4. The reasonable position of speed limit sign is discussed deeply.Firstly, the type of speed limit sign is divided, and the difference between speed limit sign and traffic accident is pointed out. Secondly, aiming at the physiological characteristics of driver, the influence of speed limit sign on driver is analyzed.Thirdly, the specific location of the speed limit sign is given about the basic section and the special point section. Finally, the applicability and validity of the speed limit sign location setting model are verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U491

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本文編號(hào)：1740979