發(fā)布時間：2018-10-12 21:42

【摘要】：隨著人們生活水平的提高以及城市規(guī)模和城市人口的迅猛增長，城市的交通擁擠問題越來越受到人們的重視，而公共交通作為城市公共交通設(shè)施的主要組成部分，對城市居民出行的需求分擔(dān)起到了舉足輕重的作用。因此改善公共交通的調(diào)度方式，是提高公共交通的使用率、解決城市交通擁擠問題的重要途徑之一。然而，目前國內(nèi)所提供的公交調(diào)度的方法存在著調(diào)度形式單一、平臺技術(shù)滯后等問題，因此通過理念創(chuàng)新與技術(shù)創(chuàng)新相結(jié)合，建立全面、完善的綜合公交調(diào)度平臺勢在必行。 通過對國內(nèi)公共交通調(diào)度平臺的研究現(xiàn)狀的分析可以看出，雖然各個公交調(diào)度平臺都試圖利用智能化、信息化的方式來提高自身的影響力和調(diào)度的合理化，但是在實際的操作過程中，由于乘客出行及道路交通的狀況不盡相同，導(dǎo)致了公共交通調(diào)度平臺無法做到為更多居民的出行提供便捷的服務(wù)。然而，為了更加合理的滿足城市居民出行的需求，在公共交通調(diào)度平臺中，車輛站點換乘問題顯得越來越重要。因此，更多車輛相遇次數(shù)的研究成為當(dāng)前的研究熱點之一。 本論文闡述了在公交調(diào)度的過程中，如何保證調(diào)度人員與公交司機之間的實時通信；如何保證更多的車輛在站點相遇，以方便乘客換乘。同時建立了區(qū)域調(diào)度換乘優(yōu)化模型，該模型綜合考慮了車輛駐站時間變化對兩輛車是否相遇的影響，并由此提出了站點換乘優(yōu)化算法，將車輛在站點的駐站時間設(shè)為一個變量，這個變量通過安裝在公交車上的GPS定位裝置獲取。算法通過比較后一輛車與前一輛到站時間的差跟前一輛車駐站時間的大小，確定兩輛車是否在站點相遇，并以車輛在區(qū)域內(nèi)站點的相遇次數(shù)和總的相遇站點數(shù)作為目標(biāo)函數(shù)，通過計算總的相遇次數(shù)最大值和總的相遇結(jié)點的最小值，確定每條線路上車輛的最佳發(fā)車時間。同時通過消息推送技術(shù)及時推送給調(diào)度人員和相應(yīng)的公交車駕駛員，從而使乘客在站點的總體換乘時間最短，換乘成本最小。 該模型利用優(yōu)化的站點換乘算法求解。經(jīng)實驗驗證，該站點換乘算法可提高區(qū)域內(nèi)站點的換乘效率以及公交運營服務(wù)水平，并且緩解了城市公共交通擁堵現(xiàn)象，尤其是在上下班時間段。最后本文針對該站點換乘算法，在所開發(fā)的智能公交調(diào)度平臺上分別對多條線路進(jìn)行了多次的仿真實驗研究，，并對實驗結(jié)果進(jìn)行了分析。結(jié)果表明，使用該站點換乘算法可以使更多車輛在站點相遇，從而更好的方便乘客換乘。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of people's living standards and the rapid growth of urban scale and population, people pay more and more attention to the problem of urban traffic congestion, and public transport is the main component of urban public transport facilities. It plays an important role in the sharing of urban residents' travel demand. Therefore, improving the dispatching mode of public transport is one of the important ways to improve the utilization rate of public transport and solve the problem of urban traffic congestion. However, at present, there are some problems in the methods of public transportation scheduling in China, such as single dispatching form and lag of platform technology. Therefore, it is imperative to establish a comprehensive and perfect comprehensive bus dispatching platform through the combination of idea innovation and technology innovation. Through the analysis of the status quo of the domestic public transportation scheduling platform, it can be seen that although each bus dispatching platform is trying to improve its influence and the rationalization of the dispatching, However, in the actual operation process, due to the different conditions of passenger travel and road traffic, the public transport scheduling platform is unable to provide convenient services for more residents. However, in order to meet the needs of urban residents more reasonably, in the public transportation scheduling platform, the problem of vehicle station transfer becomes more and more important. Therefore, more vehicle encounter times become one of the current research hotspots. This paper describes how to ensure real-time communication between dispatcher and bus driver and how to ensure more vehicles meet at the station in order to facilitate passenger transfer. At the same time, a regional scheduling and transfer optimization model is established. The model considers the influence of vehicle stop time change on whether the two vehicles meet, and puts forward a station transfer optimization algorithm, which sets the vehicle stop time at the station as a variable. This variable is obtained by the GPS locator installed on the bus. By comparing the difference between the last vehicle and the previous one, the algorithm determines whether the two vehicles meet at the station, and takes the number of encounters and the total number of encounter stations as the objective function. By calculating the maximum of the total encounter number and the minimum value of the total encounter node, the optimal departure time of the vehicle on each line is determined. At the same time, the information push technology is used to push to the dispatcher and the corresponding bus driver in time, so that the total transfer time of passengers at the station is the shortest and the transfer cost is the least. The model is solved by the optimized station transfer algorithm. The experimental results show that the transfer algorithm can improve the transfer efficiency and bus service level and alleviate the congestion of urban public transport especially during the commuting period. At last, this paper makes several simulation experiments on several lines on the intelligent bus dispatching platform, and analyzes the experimental results. The results show that the algorithm can make more vehicles meet at the station, so it is more convenient for passengers to transfer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U491.17;U495;TP301.6

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