橋式起重機橋架的有限元模型及動態(tài)特性分析
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-08 20:39
【摘要】：隨著生產規(guī)模的日益發(fā)展,對起重機的工作性能提出了更新、更高的要求：起重量增大、工作頻繁、操作靈活可靠、自重減輕等。由于起重機的傳統(tǒng)設計受到一些條件的限制,計算中假設和簡化太多,所設計的橋式起重機投入生產后,并未處在最理想的狀態(tài)下工作,往往具有太大的安全系數(shù),致使部分材料浪費和制造成本提高。如何在確保安全性能的前提下,設計和制造出性價比高的起重機,是一個值得深入研究的重要課題。采用動態(tài)設計等現(xiàn)代設計方法對起重機進行研究和設計不失為一條有效的技術途徑。通過建立傳統(tǒng)設計的機械結構的有限元模型,研究和分析其動態(tài)特性,進而對結構進行審核、修改或重新設計,使其達到優(yōu)化目的。因此對起重機進行動態(tài)分析,有針對性的應用于產品設計階段,改進其結構使其更加合理,這對降低設備成本,提高性價比,具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。 起重機的作業(yè)特點是各機構頻繁地啟動、加速、減速和制動,對橋架結構產生不停的沖擊和振動。橋架結構的動態(tài)特性對整機的性能影響很大,影響到結構的動強度、動剛度、傳動機構的運動精度以及司機的舒適感等等。本論文以偏軌箱形雙梁橋式起重機為研究對象,以起重機動力學和有限元法為理論基礎和分析手段,運用有限元分析軟件ANSYS建立了橋架的有限元模型。應用ANSYS軟件對滿載小車位于主梁跨中和跨端兩工況進行了靜力分析,得到橋架結構的承載應力大小和分布狀況；對橋架結構進行了模態(tài)分析,獲得系統(tǒng)前四階固有頻率和振型；對橋架結構的強度和靜、動剛度進行了校核,橋架的強度、剛度均有較大的富余；運用完全法對橋架結構進行了瞬態(tài)動力學分析,得出滿載小車位于主梁跨中位置,橋架結構在起升沖擊載荷作用下,跨中節(jié)點的位移響應曲線和最大動位移；應用ANSYS軟件的優(yōu)化模塊對橋架結構進行參數(shù)優(yōu)化設計,選取主梁截面尺寸作為設計變量,在滿足橋架強度、剛度以及工藝要求的前提下,對橋架的主梁進行了優(yōu)化,單根主梁的自重減輕了24.47%,具有潛在的可觀經(jīng)濟效益。 本文的研究為起重機橋架的優(yōu)化設計提供了新的途徑,所得出的研究結論對起重機橋架設計具有一定的工程應用價值。
[Abstract]:With the increasing development of production scale, the working performance of crane is updated, higher requirements are put forward, such as increasing the lifting weight, working frequently, operating flexibly and reliably, reducing the weight of crane and so on. Because the traditional design of crane is limited by some conditions, the calculation assumes and simplifies too much. After the crane is put into production, the designed bridge crane does not work in the ideal condition, and often has too much safety factor. The waste of some materials and the cost of manufacturing are increased. How to design and manufacture a crane with high performance and price ratio under the premise of ensuring safety performance is an important subject worthy of further study. The research and design of crane with modern design methods such as dynamic design is an effective technical approach. By establishing the finite element model of the traditional mechanical structure, the dynamic characteristics of the structure are studied and analyzed, and then the structure is checked, modified or redesigned to achieve the purpose of optimization. Therefore, the dynamic analysis of crane is applied to the stage of product design, and the structure of crane is improved to make it more reasonable, which is of great practical significance to reduce the cost of equipment and improve the ratio of performance to price. Crane operation is characterized by frequent starting, acceleration, deceleration and braking of each mechanism, resulting in continuous impact and vibration on the bridge structure. The dynamic characteristics of the bridge structure have a great influence on the performance of the whole machine, which affects the dynamic strength, the dynamic stiffness of the structure, the motion accuracy of the transmission mechanism and the comfort of the driver, and so on. In this paper, the finite element model of the bridge frame is established by using the finite element analysis software ANSYS, taking the crane dynamics and finite element method as the theoretical basis and analysis means. By using ANSYS software, the static analysis of the full load trolley located at the main girder span and the cross end is carried out, and the bearing stress and distribution of the bridge frame structure are obtained, and the modal analysis of the bridge frame structure is carried out, and the first four natural frequencies and modes of the system are obtained. The strength, static and dynamic stiffness of the bridge frame structure are checked, the strength and stiffness of the bridge frame are all abundant, the transient dynamic analysis of the bridge frame structure is carried out by using the complete method, and the full load car is found to be in the middle of the main girder span. The displacement response curve and the maximum dynamic displacement of the mid-span node are obtained under the action of lifting impact load, and the optimization module of ANSYS software is used to optimize the parameters of the bridge frame structure, and the cross-section size of the main beam is selected as the design variable. On the premise of meeting the requirements of strength, stiffness and technology of the bridge frame, the main girder of the bridge frame is optimized. The weight of the single main girder is reduced by 24.47, and the potential economic benefit is considerable. The research in this paper provides a new way for the optimal design of crane bridge frame, and the conclusions obtained have certain engineering application value for crane bridge design.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH215
本文編號：2172973
[Abstract]:With the increasing development of production scale, the working performance of crane is updated, higher requirements are put forward, such as increasing the lifting weight, working frequently, operating flexibly and reliably, reducing the weight of crane and so on. Because the traditional design of crane is limited by some conditions, the calculation assumes and simplifies too much. After the crane is put into production, the designed bridge crane does not work in the ideal condition, and often has too much safety factor. The waste of some materials and the cost of manufacturing are increased. How to design and manufacture a crane with high performance and price ratio under the premise of ensuring safety performance is an important subject worthy of further study. The research and design of crane with modern design methods such as dynamic design is an effective technical approach. By establishing the finite element model of the traditional mechanical structure, the dynamic characteristics of the structure are studied and analyzed, and then the structure is checked, modified or redesigned to achieve the purpose of optimization. Therefore, the dynamic analysis of crane is applied to the stage of product design, and the structure of crane is improved to make it more reasonable, which is of great practical significance to reduce the cost of equipment and improve the ratio of performance to price. Crane operation is characterized by frequent starting, acceleration, deceleration and braking of each mechanism, resulting in continuous impact and vibration on the bridge structure. The dynamic characteristics of the bridge structure have a great influence on the performance of the whole machine, which affects the dynamic strength, the dynamic stiffness of the structure, the motion accuracy of the transmission mechanism and the comfort of the driver, and so on. In this paper, the finite element model of the bridge frame is established by using the finite element analysis software ANSYS, taking the crane dynamics and finite element method as the theoretical basis and analysis means. By using ANSYS software, the static analysis of the full load trolley located at the main girder span and the cross end is carried out, and the bearing stress and distribution of the bridge frame structure are obtained, and the modal analysis of the bridge frame structure is carried out, and the first four natural frequencies and modes of the system are obtained. The strength, static and dynamic stiffness of the bridge frame structure are checked, the strength and stiffness of the bridge frame are all abundant, the transient dynamic analysis of the bridge frame structure is carried out by using the complete method, and the full load car is found to be in the middle of the main girder span. The displacement response curve and the maximum dynamic displacement of the mid-span node are obtained under the action of lifting impact load, and the optimization module of ANSYS software is used to optimize the parameters of the bridge frame structure, and the cross-section size of the main beam is selected as the design variable. On the premise of meeting the requirements of strength, stiffness and technology of the bridge frame, the main girder of the bridge frame is optimized. The weight of the single main girder is reduced by 24.47, and the potential economic benefit is considerable. The research in this paper provides a new way for the optimal design of crane bridge frame, and the conclusions obtained have certain engineering application value for crane bridge design.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH215
【引證文獻】
相關碩士學位論文 前1條
1 朱小海;大型門式起重機結構特性與系統(tǒng)虛擬仿真研究[D];西南交通大學;2013年
，本文編號：2172973
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