發(fā)布時間：2018-05-15 22:15

  本文選題：石油運輸 + 管道保護��； 參考：《西南交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著國民經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,.我國對石油、天然氣等能源的需求量與日俱增。為了滿足國民對能源的需求,我國加大了對長輸管線建設(shè)的規(guī)模,在管線的建設(shè)中,為了有效地保護管道及防腐層免受破壞,地埋管道對其周圍的土壤成份有較為嚴(yán)格地要求。然而在地質(zhì)條件更為惡劣的某些山區(qū)(如石漠化地區(qū)),無法找到適合回填管溝的土壤,需要長距離運輸土壤或粉碎大塊礫石,這樣就增加了施工成本同時延長了施工周期。本文基于此背景研究開發(fā)一種高強度、抗沖擊、便于施工的泡沫材料,該材料可包裹在管道外面,彌補傳統(tǒng)細土回填管溝方法的弊端。本文的主要研究成果如下：(1)運用單因素實驗方法制定了保護層材料配比試驗方案,共進行7組配比實驗。通過對試樣進行簡支梁沖擊試驗,得出保護層原材料各組份對材料沖擊性能的影響趨勢,通過各組分試驗比對,最終確定壓縮強度230kPa、沖擊強度15.9J、泡孔均勻、致密度適中、密度較輕的保護層材料。該保護層材料與管道PE防腐層之間不存在相互腐蝕等不良影響,可以與之長久共存。(2)通過室內(nèi)模型試驗研究保護層材料受到?jīng)_擊荷載作用時管道的動態(tài)響應(yīng),得到了保護層下陷深度和管道應(yīng)力隨保護層厚度及沖擊加載次數(shù)的增加呈增長趨勢；并得到了不同保護層厚度的管道應(yīng)力增長系數(shù)。利用ABAQUS有限元數(shù)值分析軟件,分析了不同的保護層厚度、管道直徑、重錘下落高度的管道動態(tài)變化規(guī)律,并結(jié)合室內(nèi)模型實驗結(jié)果,以及考慮材料的經(jīng)濟性能,最終確定了保護層材料的最優(yōu)厚度應(yīng)在5-8cm之間。(3)現(xiàn)場模型試驗通過采取塊石回填、車輛碾壓、重錘沖擊等加載方式,分析對比了有、無保護層對管道PE防腐層、管道應(yīng)力、土體的壓力及管道振動加速度的影響。在用現(xiàn)場原狀土(塊石)回填管溝時,保護層能夠大幅度降低管道動態(tài)響應(yīng)及保護PE防腐層免受破損；當(dāng)重錘沖擊荷載作用在管道上方土體時,保護層對管道的保護作用也有一定的效果；而當(dāng)車輛的移動荷載作用時,保護層對管道保護效果與細土保護效果相當(dāng)。總體而言,保護層材料對管道及PE防腐層的保護作用明顯優(yōu)于細土對管道的保護。(4)本文結(jié)合保護層材料的特性,設(shè)計了現(xiàn)場施工設(shè)備體系,同時給出了噴涂施工和澆注施工兩種施工方法。根據(jù)現(xiàn)場施工條件,選擇合適的施工方法,能夠極大地提高保護層施工進度,縮短施工工期。(5)對保護層材料與傳統(tǒng)石方粉碎和購買細土回填的經(jīng)濟性進行了定量對比,結(jié)果表明保護材料的經(jīng)濟性明顯優(yōu)越于其它方式,并且保護層材料增加PE防護層及管道的安全性,降低損壞、爆裂的風(fēng)險,避免潛在風(fēng)險及損失,減少了維修、維護的幾率,間接增加了保護層材料的經(jīng)濟性。
[Abstract]:With the development of national economy. The demand for oil, natural gas and other energy in China is increasing day by day. In order to meet the national demand for energy, China has increased the scale of long-distance pipeline construction. In order to effectively protect the pipeline and anticorrosive coating from damage, the underground pipeline has strict requirements for the soil composition around it. However, in some mountainous areas where the geological conditions are even worse (such as rocky desertification area), it is impossible to find the soil suitable for backfill ditches, which requires long distance transportation of soil or crushing of large gravel, thus increasing the construction cost and prolonging the construction period. Based on this background, this paper studies and develops a kind of foam material with high strength, impact resistance and easy construction, which can be wrapped outside the pipe and make up for the drawback of the traditional backfill method of fine soil. The main research results of this paper are as follows: (1) by using the single factor experimental method, the experimental scheme of the ratio of protective layer materials is formulated, and seven groups of experiments are carried out. Through the impact test of simply supported beam on the sample, the influence trend of each component of the protective layer raw material on the impact property of the material is obtained. The compression strength of 230 KPA, the impact strength of 15.9J, the uniform bubble pore and the moderate density are determined by the comparison of each component test. Less dense protective layer material. There is no bad effect such as mutual corrosion between the protective material and PE coating of pipeline, so it can coexist with it for a long time. (2) the dynamic response of pipeline under impact load is studied by indoor model test. It is found that the depth of the cover subsidence and the pipeline stress increase with the increase of the thickness of the protective layer and the times of impact loading, and the stress growth coefficient of the pipeline with different thickness of the protective layer is obtained. By using ABAQUS finite element numerical analysis software, the dynamic variation laws of pipeline with different protective layer thickness, pipe diameter and drop height of weight hammer are analyzed, and the results of indoor model experiments and the economic performance of materials are considered. Finally, it is determined that the optimum thickness of protective layer material should be between 5-8cm. 3) by adopting the loading methods of block backfill, vehicle compaction, weight hammer impact, etc., the stress of PE anticorrosion layer and pipeline without protective coating is analyzed and compared. The influence of soil pressure and pipeline vibration acceleration. The protective layer can greatly reduce the dynamic response of the pipeline and protect the PE anticorrosion coating from damage when the original soil (block rock) is backfilled with the pipe trench, and when the heavy hammer impact load is acting on the soil above the pipe, The protective effect of the protective layer on the pipeline is also effective, but when the moving load of the vehicle, the protective effect of the protective layer on the pipeline is equivalent to that of the fine soil protection. In general, the protective effect of protective coating material on pipeline and PE anticorrosion coating is obviously better than that of fine soil on pipeline protection. 4) in this paper, combined with the characteristics of protective layer material, the site construction equipment system is designed. At the same time, two construction methods, spraying construction and pouring construction, are given. According to the site construction conditions, choosing suitable construction methods can greatly improve the construction progress of the protective layer and shorten the construction period. (5) the economy of the protective layer material is compared quantitatively with that of the traditional stone square crushing and the purchase of fine soil backfill. The results show that the economy of protective material is better than that of other ways, and the protective layer material increases the safety of PE protective layer and pipeline, reduces the risk of damage and burst, avoids the potential risk and loss, and reduces the probability of maintenance and maintenance. The economy of protective layer material is increased indirectly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE973;TQ328.3

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本文編號：1894170