發(fā)布時間：2018-10-29 11:19

【摘要】：天然氣目前已經廣泛用于居民的生活當中,其儲存的安全性也日益成為關注的焦點,對天然氣泄漏事故進行理論分析和數(shù)值模擬研究,可以掌握其擴散過程、規(guī)律和危害范圍,為消防減災提供一些指導依據。本文主要運用理論分析和數(shù)值模擬結合的方法進行分析,理論上分析了儲罐區(qū)的危險性,并利用道化學指數(shù)評價法進行儲罐區(qū)安全評價,分析可能存在的事故以及事故的影響因素,結合實際情況,確定相關參數(shù),利用高斯煙羽模型計算出不同泄漏孔徑下的天然氣危害范圍;文章根據分析出的影響因素,采用FLACS軟件模擬對比不同泄漏速率、不同溫度和不同風速情況下,得出天然氣儲罐泄漏擴散的變化情況以及天然氣泄漏擴散的完整過程,選定事故場景,得出泄漏擴散的危害范圍和爆炸超壓的變化,并針對特定場景提供應急處置方案。文章根據天然氣的理化性質進行危險性分析危險源辨識,確定該儲罐區(qū)已構成重大危險源,運用火災、爆炸危險指數(shù)法對儲罐區(qū)進行安全評價,得出儲罐區(qū)發(fā)生災害后的后果,計算得出儲罐區(qū)的危害半徑為54.8m,危害面積為9439.5m2。分析影響泄漏擴散的因素,并根據實際情況,選取長方形泄漏孔,泄漏位置為罐底H=2.5m處,根據大氣穩(wěn)定度選定擴散系數(shù),代入高斯煙羽模型,得到在泄漏孔徑為101mm、80mm和20mm時,最大危害距離分別為15m、9m和5m。軟件模擬得出不同時刻天然氣泄漏的狀態(tài),分析出天然氣擴散過程主要包括紊流噴射、浮力上升和湍流擴散。以天然氣爆炸下限5%作為危險邊界,在典型氣象條件下,氣體危害區(qū)域最高可達56m,在風向方向,逆風方向最大可達7.5m,順風方向最大可達46.5m,危險面積為1591m2,同時得到整個空間的危害體積為40462m3;在夏季氣象條件下,氣體危害區(qū)域最高可達34m,危險面積為949m2,同時得到整個空間的危害體積為18997m3;在冬季條件下,云團寬度最大值為30m,最長長度為28m,順風方向15m,逆風方向13m,氣體危害區(qū)域最高可達38m,最大危害體積為26847m3。通過在不同時間和不同地點進行點火,得到超壓低于儲罐的工作壓力1Mpa,同時低于可對人體造成傷害的lOOKpa,在該模擬條件下,不會引起周圍儲罐破裂,從而引起更大的事故。
[Abstract]:At present, natural gas has been widely used in the daily life of residents, and the safety of its storage has increasingly become the focus of attention. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation study on natural gas leakage accidents can master its diffusion process, laws and harm scope. To provide some guidance for fire prevention and disaster reduction. In this paper, the method of combining theoretical analysis with numerical simulation is used to analyze the danger of tank area, and the method of chemical index evaluation is used to evaluate the safety of tank area. Based on the analysis of the possible accidents and the influencing factors of the accidents, combined with the actual situation, the relevant parameters are determined, and the harm range of natural gas under different leakage aperture is calculated by using Gao Si smoke plume model. According to the analysis of the influencing factors, the paper uses FLACS software to simulate and compare the different leakage rate, different temperature and different wind speed, and obtains the variation of the leakage diffusion of natural gas storage tank and the complete process of natural gas leakage diffusion. The damage range of leakage and diffusion and the change of explosion overpressure are obtained by selecting the accident scene, and the emergency treatment scheme is provided for the specific scenario. According to the physical and chemical properties of natural gas, hazard analysis hazard source identification is carried out in this paper, and it is determined that the tank area has already constituted a major hazard source. The fire and explosion hazard index method is used to evaluate the safety of the tank area, and the consequences of the disaster in the tank area are obtained. The calculated results show that the damage radius of the tank area is 54.8 m and the damage area is 9439.5 m ~ 2. The factors affecting leakage diffusion are analyzed. According to the actual situation, the rectangular leak hole is selected, the leakage location is at 2.5 m at the bottom of the tank, the diffusion coefficient is selected according to the atmospheric stability, and Gao Si's smoke plume model is added to the model, and the leakage aperture is 101 mm. The maximum harm distances of 80mm and 20mm were 15m and 5m, respectively. The state of natural gas leakage at different times is obtained by software simulation. It is analyzed that the diffusion process of natural gas mainly includes turbulent jet buoyancy rising and turbulent diffusion. Taking the lower limit of natural gas explosion as the dangerous boundary, under typical meteorological conditions, the maximum hazardous area of gas can be up to 56m, in the wind direction, the upwind direction is 7.5m, the maximum downwind direction is 46.5m, and the dangerous area is 1591m2. At the same time, the damage volume of the whole space is 40462m3; Under the weather condition in summer, the maximum gas hazard area is 34m, and the dangerous area is 949m2.At the same time, the damage volume of the whole space is 18997m3. Under winter conditions, the maximum width of cloud cluster is 30m, the longest length is 28m, the direction of downwind is 15m, the direction of counterwind is 13m, the maximum area of gas damage is 38m, and the maximum harm volume is 26847m3. By igniting fire at different time and place, the working pressure of overpressure is lower than that of storage tank (1MPA), and the working pressure is lower than that of lOOKpa, which can cause harm to human body. Under this simulated condition, the tank around the tank will not break down, thus causing more accidents.
【學位授予單位】：西安科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE88

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本文編號：2297550