發(fā)布時間：2018-06-03 19:04

  本文選題：發(fā)光細菌 + 環(huán)境監(jiān)測��； 參考：《山東師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：人類的大步前進所創(chuàng)造的成就顯而易見,然而,其中的每一小步都改變著周圍,包括地球甚至太空。所制造的有害毒物和廢料對我們的環(huán)境都造成了不小的危害和創(chuàng)傷,其中一項關(guān)鍵傷害是水。我們本就生存在缺水的狀態(tài)下,加之對其的破壞,帶來了疾病甚至死亡的事例屢屢爆出,已經(jīng)阻礙到我們的向前發(fā)展。對于水的利用、開發(fā)和監(jiān)測已經(jīng)非常有必要,保證飲水的純潔安全,傳統(tǒng)的生物學方法和理化方法能夠保證結(jié)果準確性,然而缺乏時效性、簡潔性和易操作性,無法適應當代生活快節(jié)奏的要求。為了達到快速檢測和評價飲用水質(zhì)量的要求,本項目結(jié)合新型光電技術(shù)設計了針對水的質(zhì)量檢測儀。在我國,基于發(fā)光細菌的新技術(shù)是近年來興起的,而國外專家在二戰(zhàn)時期已開始應用其進行大氣類監(jiān)測,我國對其的關(guān)注緊隨國外之后。1950年后即開始做大量的應用研究,并掌握了應用技術(shù)。發(fā)光細菌技術(shù)作為一種新型生物學測量方法,得益于其廣泛的來源且極低的成本,其在正常水環(huán)境下穩(wěn)定且持續(xù)發(fā)光的特性是我們應用的重點。本文針對發(fā)光細菌的外部特性和內(nèi)部機制進行了詳盡的研究,尤其是其反應機理,對全反應鏈進行了介紹,重點關(guān)注了其中的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié),即細菌發(fā)光與水環(huán)境的關(guān)系,為系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)做好知識上的準備。針對這一發(fā)光特性,系統(tǒng)設計了周密檢測的流程,繪制了詳盡的硬件架構(gòu)圖、軟件運行過程和后續(xù)步驟。系統(tǒng)的布局從硬件構(gòu)成開始,課題對系統(tǒng)各關(guān)鍵單元逐一進行設計,包括加樣單元、光接收與信號轉(zhuǎn)換單元(PMT)、控制器部分、供電模塊等,最后再對各硬件組態(tài)的互聯(lián)進行調(diào)整。此外,電路板的設計也是硬件構(gòu)成的重要步驟,其中的關(guān)鍵細則不容忽視。硬件的完成標志著軟件部分設計的開始,實驗員的任何指令和要求都是通過程序送入系統(tǒng),軟件部分同樣對應各硬件模塊,遵循結(jié)構(gòu)化特點。軟硬件的匹配完成并不標志設計的結(jié)束,還需要進行整體的調(diào)試。系統(tǒng)調(diào)試過程采用實際測量與軟件仿真兩種方式,以保證檢測系統(tǒng)的可靠性。在完成初步設計之后,后續(xù)的實驗驗證工作也是必不可少的,而且需要大量重復性的工作,以排除偶然因素�；�于發(fā)光細菌新技術(shù)的檢測設備,在各項性能上都可以比擬甚至超越其他現(xiàn)有方法,這得益于器件性能的優(yōu)越性。包括主控制器強大的片內(nèi)構(gòu)成,節(jié)省了外部電路空間,PMT的高靈敏性、低噪聲和快速的轉(zhuǎn)換效能等功能,和這些都是分不開的。目前的系統(tǒng)在檢測結(jié)果上還需進一步完善,這需要生物學和環(huán)境科學理論的進一步支撐。該課題結(jié)合了多學科理論知識,而跨學科的研究本身就是一種趨勢。隨著實驗的深入和推進,系統(tǒng)存在的各項盲點將逐一突破,性能與功用將繼續(xù)提升。面向未來的產(chǎn)品將會應用于環(huán)境監(jiān)測、衛(wèi)生防疫、食品生產(chǎn)、醫(yī)療診斷、科研檢測等領(lǐng)域,并將會對居民各項用水的改善產(chǎn)生巨大作用。
[Abstract]:The achievements of mankind's great strides are obvious, however, each of these small steps changes the surroundings, including Earth and even space. Harmful poisons and wastes have caused great harm and trauma to our environment, one of which is water. The fact that we are already living in a state of water scarcity, coupled with the destruction of it, has caused many cases of disease and even death, which have hindered our progress. For the use, development and monitoring of water, it is necessary to ensure the purity and safety of drinking water. Traditional biological methods and physical and chemical methods can ensure the accuracy of the results, but they lack timeliness, simplicity and ease of operation. Unable to adapt to the rapid pace of contemporary life. In order to meet the requirements of rapid detection and evaluation of drinking water quality, a new type of photoelectric technology was designed to detect the quality of water. In China, a new technology based on luminescent bacteria has emerged in recent years, and foreign experts have begun to use it for atmospheric monitoring during World War II, and our country pays close attention to it after foreign countries. After 1950, we began to do a lot of applied research. And mastered the application technology. As a new biological measurement method, luminescent bacteria technology has been widely used in water environment, and its stable and continuous luminescence characteristics have been the focus of our application due to its wide range of sources and very low cost. In this paper, the external characteristics and internal mechanism of luminescent bacteria are studied in detail, especially the reaction mechanism. The whole reaction chain is introduced, and the key link, namely the relationship between bacterial luminescence and water environment, is emphasized. Prepare knowledge for system architecture. In view of this luminous characteristic, the system designs the detailed detection flow, draws the detailed hardware architecture diagram, the software running process and the follow-up steps. The layout of the system starts with the hardware structure. The key units of the system are designed one by one, including the sampling unit, the optical receiving and signal converting unit, the controller part, the power supply module and so on. Finally, the interconnection of each hardware configuration is adjusted. In addition, the design of the circuit board is also an important step in the hardware structure, and the key details can not be ignored. The completion of the hardware marks the beginning of the software design. Any instructions and requirements of the experimenter are sent to the system through the program. The software part corresponds to the hardware modules and follows the structural characteristics. The completion of hardware and software matching does not mark the end of the design, but also needs to be debugged as a whole. In order to ensure the reliability of the testing system, the system is debugged by two ways: real measurement and software simulation. After the initial design is completed, subsequent experimental verification is also essential, and a large amount of repetitive work is required to eliminate accidental factors. The detection equipment based on the new technology of luminescent bacteria can compare or even surpass other existing methods in every performance, which is due to the superiority of the device performance. The high sensitivity, low noise and fast conversion efficiency of the PMT can not be separated from the powerful in-chip structure of the main controller. The detection results of the current system need to be further improved, which needs the further support of biological and environmental science theory. The subject combines multi-disciplinary theoretical knowledge, and cross-disciplinary research itself is a trend. With the development of the experiment, the blind spot of the system will break through one by one, and the performance and function will continue to improve. Future-oriented products will be applied to environmental monitoring, health prevention, food production, medical diagnosis, scientific research and testing, and will play a great role in improving the water use of residents.
【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP274

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