發(fā)布時間：2018-03-07 01:27

  本文選題：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)　切入點：公眾參與　出處：《南京大學》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與自媒體通訊技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展,快速改變著人與人之間的交往與生活方式。網(wǎng)絡環(huán)境的開放性,為公眾參與治理提供了陽光和土壤;網(wǎng)絡交流的平等性,為參與治理主體多元化提供了可能;網(wǎng)絡溝通的廉價性,大大降低了公民參與治理的成本;網(wǎng)絡上意見表達的直接性,使得參與信息在傳遞的過程中不會發(fā)生偏離或流失。網(wǎng)絡社群、微博、微信等新興網(wǎng)絡平臺形成了新的公共話語空間,為網(wǎng)民參與提供了設立議程的機會,有些網(wǎng)絡輿論甚至能夠?qū)π姓�事務和手握公�?quán)力的行政人員產(chǎn)生直接的影響。不斷興起的網(wǎng)絡公眾參與,已經(jīng)在維護公民權(quán)益、限制政府權(quán)力濫用、優(yōu)化政府決策制定等方面發(fā)揮了越來越重要的作用。但網(wǎng)絡同時是也一把"雙刃劍"。中央提出實現(xiàn)國家治理體系現(xiàn)代化這一愿景,就是要通過體制機制的創(chuàng)新,來使國家治理體系能夠更好地適應時代發(fā)展的要求。如何正確對待網(wǎng)絡參與行為,實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)民與政府部門之間的良好溝通與互動,將網(wǎng)絡參與成果轉(zhuǎn)化為促進實現(xiàn)治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化的動力,應對網(wǎng)絡時代給政府帶來的新挑戰(zhàn),需要積極對治理模式展開創(chuàng)新性的探索研究。研究的導論部分首先說明了研究背景、特點及意義,同時對公眾參與和政府治理相關領域的研究現(xiàn)狀進行了區(qū)分國內(nèi)和國外的梳理,并對相關著作和論文中已經(jīng)取得的理論成果和實證成果進行了評述。對本論文的研究意義、應用理論、研究重點、研究方法、創(chuàng)新之處和結(jié)構(gòu)框架也將在導論中闡述。第一章主要分析了網(wǎng)絡參與型互動式治理的時代背景,分析了網(wǎng)絡公眾參與給治理模式帶來的沖擊與挑戰(zhàn),探討了治理模式從管理主義到參與式治理的必然趨勢。第二章闡述了網(wǎng)絡參與型互動式治理的結(jié)構(gòu)要素,對治理的主體、客體、內(nèi)容進行闡述,描述了論壇等虛擬社群、博客微博、以微信為代表的即時通信平臺等主要網(wǎng)絡公眾參與的組織形式,并分析了網(wǎng)絡公眾參與組織結(jié)構(gòu)特征。第三章分析了網(wǎng)絡互動型參與式治理的實踐類型,根據(jù)網(wǎng)絡中的不同公眾參與行為和互動效果,將網(wǎng)絡互動型參與式治理劃分為信息獲取型、意愿表達型、監(jiān)督型、參與管理決策型等四種類型。并對網(wǎng)絡互動型參與式治理進行了現(xiàn)實考量,從有利條件與制約因素兩方面分析了網(wǎng)絡互動型參與式治理的前景與發(fā)展困境。第四章首先概述了傳統(tǒng)行政系統(tǒng)和治理模式的保守與封閉,繼而分析了網(wǎng)絡公眾參與給行政系統(tǒng)和治理模式帶來的沖擊,并以行政系統(tǒng)論為基礎,分析了行政系統(tǒng)的回應以及網(wǎng)絡公眾與行政系統(tǒng)互動的具體模式和結(jié)果。第五章運用博弈理論的思想和方法對網(wǎng)絡公眾參與中各個主體可能的行為進行分析和探討。通過建立網(wǎng)絡公眾參與博弈模型,厘清各要素之間的關系及互動過程,探索能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)參與主體間和諧共贏、共同治理公共事務的最優(yōu)策略。第七章在深入思考的基礎上,探討了網(wǎng)絡互動型參與式治理的實現(xiàn)路徑,包括形塑公民意識、保障法律與制度供給、以組織為載體構(gòu)建公民與政府間的良性互動、進一步暢通網(wǎng)絡參與渠道等。結(jié)論部分是對整個研究的總結(jié)與觀點提煉,以及對所研究問題的進一步展望。提升網(wǎng)絡時代的政府治理水平,就必須直面信息時代治理的新變化,從治理主體的內(nèi)在理念到治理的外在方式進行全面轉(zhuǎn)型。首先,要重視培育公民意識,塑造參與型文化,不斷提升民眾的民主和參與意識以及責任意識,使其有足夠的能力也有強烈的意愿承擔起作為一個公民所應當承擔的社會責任,而不僅僅只是一個被管理者和被動的索取者。其次,要進一步夯實法律和制度基礎,在對網(wǎng)絡公眾參與進行立法時,不僅要制定規(guī)范參與行為的實體法,更要制定政府行為、保障網(wǎng)民參與權(quán)利的程序法,增強法律條文的可操作性,并設立相應的權(quán)利救濟制度,從程序上保證公民參與的可操作化和有序化;健全政府信息公開制度、網(wǎng)絡問政的長效機制和利益表達機制,實現(xiàn)治理的透明化、常態(tài)化和穩(wěn)定化。第三,充分發(fā)揮網(wǎng)絡NGO組織作為公民的表達權(quán)、知情權(quán)、和結(jié)社權(quán)的放大器和推進器的整合作用,克服網(wǎng)絡話語空間碎片化現(xiàn)象、推進社會治理整合。第四,政府部門應進一步樹立平等協(xié)商意識,改進互聯(lián)網(wǎng)管控方法,把握好開放與管理、廣開言路和維護穩(wěn)定之間的平衡,多種形式搭建有效的網(wǎng)絡共治互動平臺。
[Abstract]:The Internet and the media since the rapid development of communications technology, rapidly changing communication and lifestyle among people. The open network environment, provides the sunlight and soil for the public participation in governance; equality of network communication, provides the possibility for the diversification of the main governance participation; cheap network communication, greatly reducing the citizens the cost of direct participation in governance; the expression of opinion on the network, the information will not participate in the course of delivery or loss. There is a deviation from the Internet community, micro-blog, WeChat and other emerging network platform to form a new public discourse space, provides the opportunity for users to participate in the establishment of the agenda, some even can have a direct network public opinion the influence on the administrative affairs and holding public authority administrative personnel. The rise of the Internet public participation, has been in the maintenance of civil rights, restricting the abuse of government power, government decision Play a more and more important role in the development and so on. But the network is also a "double-edged sword". The realization of this vision is to modernize the national governance system, through the system mechanism innovation, to make the national governance system can better adapt to the development of the times. How to deal with the network in good behavior. The communication and interaction between Internet users and government departments, will participate in the network to promote the transformation of achievements to realize the power of modern governance systems and governance capacity, the new challenge in network era brings to the government, need to actively explore innovative research on governance. The introduction part firstly explains the research background, significance and characteristics. At the same time, the present research situation of the public participation and government governance related areas to distinguish between domestic and foreign review, and the related books and papers have been obtained Reviews the theoretical results and empirical results. The research significance, the application of the theory, research focus, research methods, innovation and structure will also be described in the introduction. The first chapter mainly analyzes the network to participate in interactive governance background, analysis of the impact and challenges brought to the governance mode of participation the public network, discusses the governance mode from managerialism to the inevitable trend of participatory governance. The second chapter expounds the elements of network interactive participatory governance, governance of the subject, object, elaborates the content description of the forum virtual community, micro-blog blog, instant communication platform and other major public network as the representative of WeChat in the form of organization, and analyzes the characteristics of organizational structure of public participation in the network. The third chapter analyzes the network interactive participatory governance practice type, according to the public in the network Public participation and interaction effect, the network interactive Participatory Governance Division for information acquisition, expression of willingness, supervision, four types of participation in decision-making management type. And the network interactive participatory governance of reality, from the two aspects of favorable conditions and restricting factors analysis of the prospects and development of network interactive and participatory governance. The fourth chapter first summarizes the traditional administrative system and governance mode is conservative and closed, then analyzes the administrative system and to bring the impact of public participation in the network governance mode, and the administrative system is based on the analysis of the administrative system and administrative system and the public response network interactive mode and specific results. The fifth chapter uses the thought and method of the game theory to analyze and discuss the possible behavior in each subject. The public participation in the network through the establishment of a network of public participation in the game Model, clarify the relationship and interaction between the various elements, and to explore the implementation of participation of harmony and win-win, the optimal strategy of CO governance of public affairs. In the seventh chapter, based on deep thinking, explores the ways to realize network interactive participatory governance, including the shaping of civic awareness, legal protection and supply system, to the organization as a carrier to build positive interaction between citizens and government, to further smooth the network participation channels. The conclusion part is the summary and perspective of the research and prospects for further refining, research question. Enhance the level of governance of the Internet age, we must face the new changes in the information era of governance, external governance mode from the intrinsic idea to conduct a comprehensive governance transformation. First of all, should pay attention to the cultivation of citizen consciousness, shaping the participatory culture, and constantly improve people's democracy and participation consciousness and responsibility Consciousness, the ability to have a strong willingness to assume as a citizen should assume the social responsibility, and not just a manager and passive taker. Secondly, we should further consolidate the legal and institutional basis, in the network of public participation in legislation, substantive law should not only formulate specification for participation, but also to formulate government behavior, procedure protection of Internet users to participate in rights, enhance the operability of the law, and the establishment of the corresponding rights relief system, the procedures to ensure the citizen participation in the operation and orderly; improve government information disclosure system, the network asked the long-term mechanism and expression of political interests the mechanism, transparent governance, normalization and stabilization. Third, give full play to the network NGO organization as the right of expression, citizen's right to know, the right of association and integration of the amplifier and the propeller, overcome network Network discourse space fragmentation phenomenon, promote the integration of social governance. Fourth, government departments should further establish equality consciousness, improving the Internet control method, a good grasp of opening and management, and maintain stable balance between encourage the free airing of views, a variety of forms to build an effective network interactive platform of governance.

【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D621.5;D669

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