發(fā)布時間：2018-03-07 22:22

  本文選題：新時期　切入點：殘疾人　出處：《南京師范大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：殘疾人問題是不容忽視的社會問題。目前,我國有八千多萬殘疾人,他們因身體的殘障大都需要社會的救助。解決殘疾人的民生問題,并讓他們公平參與社會的政治、經(jīng)濟、文化生活,從而使殘疾人有尊嚴地生活。它集中體現(xiàn)了社會的公平正義和文明進步,這是執(zhí)政黨和政府義不容辭的責任,也是全社會應盡的義務。如何讓殘疾人有尊嚴地生活,如何讓殘疾人與普通人一起共享改革開放的成果,這是不容忽視的社會問題。因此,加強對殘疾人民生政策的研究,制定有針對性和符合中國實際的殘疾人民生政策就尤為迫切。中國共產(chǎn)黨自執(zhí)政以來高度重視殘疾人民生問題,尤其改革開放以來的新時期針對殘疾人制定的民生政策,保證了中國殘疾人生存和發(fā)展狀況的改善。其民生政策汲取了我國傳統(tǒng)慈善文化和“扶危濟困”的思想精華,繼承了馬克思主義維護弱勢群體利益的思想,也借鑒了國外人道主義和改善民生的理論。中國共產(chǎn)黨依據(jù)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展目標的“三步走戰(zhàn)略”,分別制定和實施了救濟供養(yǎng)型殘疾人民生政策,由溫飽向小康型殘疾人民生政策,小康型殘疾人民生政策。它們體現(xiàn)出了人道主義精神,與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和人民生活水平提高同步,以法律法規(guī)做保障,以計劃綱要做規(guī)劃,以殘聯(lián)組織做橋梁的中國特色。其積極作用表現(xiàn)在：首先保障了殘疾人的生存權(quán)益。一是提高了殘疾人的社會地位,二是促進殘疾人生存狀況有了較大改善,三是推進了社會保障基本覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)殘疾人；其次保障了殘疾人的發(fā)展權(quán)益。一是保證殘疾人受教育程度不斷提高,二是確保殘疾人就業(yè)穩(wěn)定增長,三是促使殘疾人生活的社會環(huán)境有所改善,四是助推殘疾人康復狀況有所好轉(zhuǎn)。其不足是：政策制定與實施主體的兩重性, 政策“一刀切”缺乏針對性,未能關(guān)注城鄉(xiāng)殘疾人民生發(fā)展的不平衡性,一些改善殘疾人民生的政策落實效果甚微,政策的執(zhí)行還缺乏有效監(jiān)督和問責機制。如何解決上述存在的問題?筆者認為：必須明確殘疾人民生政策實施的主體。一是厘清政府的主要職責,二是政策制定與實施的主體必須統(tǒng)一,三是制定鼓勵社會公眾和社會組織參與公益活動的獎勵性政策；政策的制定要更加有針對性。一是政策的制定需要深入調(diào)查與充分論證做前提,二是需要針對殘疾人群體的差異性制定政策,三是需要針對城鄉(xiāng)差別制定更加惠及農(nóng)村殘疾人的民生政策；確保各項殘疾人民生政策的貫徹實施。一是落實政策要有布置有檢查,二是政策實施的結(jié)果要有科學評估,三是政策的實施還要有監(jiān)督與問責。
[Abstract]:The issue of the disabled is a social problem that cannot be ignored. At present, there are more than 80 million disabled people in our country. Most of them need social assistance because of their physical handicaps. They can solve the livelihood problems of the disabled and allow them to participate equitably in social politics and economy. Cultural life, so that persons with disabilities can live in dignity. It embodies the fairness, justice and progress of civilization in society, which is the unshirkable responsibility of the ruling party and the government, and is also the duty of the whole society. How to enable the disabled to live in dignity, How to let the disabled and ordinary people share the fruits of reform and opening up is a social problem that can not be ignored. Therefore, we should strengthen the research on the livelihood policies of the disabled. It is particularly urgent to formulate a targeted and realistic policy on the livelihood of the disabled. The CPC has attached great importance to the livelihood of the disabled since it took office, especially in the new period since the reform and opening up to the outside world. It has ensured the improvement of the survival and development of the disabled in China. Its livelihood policy has absorbed the essence of our traditional charitable culture and "helping the needy" and inherited the idea of Marxism in safeguarding the interests of vulnerable groups. The Communist Party of China, in accordance with the "three-step strategy" of economic development goals, separately formulated and implemented a livelihood policy for the relief type of disabled people, from food and clothing to a policy on the livelihood of the disabled with little recreation. These policies reflect the spirit of humanitarianism, keep pace with economic development and the improvement of the people's standard of living, provide protection by laws and regulations, and make plans according to the outline of the plan. The active role of the disabled people's Federation as a bridge is as follows: firstly, the survival rights and interests of the disabled have been safeguarded. First, the social status of the disabled has been improved, and the second, the living conditions of the disabled have been greatly improved. Third, social security has basically covered the urban and rural disabled; secondly, the development rights and interests of the disabled have been safeguarded. One is to ensure that the education level of the disabled is constantly improved, and the other is to ensure a steady growth of employment for the disabled. The third is to improve the social environment for the disabled to live in, and the fourth is to promote the rehabilitation of the disabled. Its shortcomings are: the dual nature of the subject of policy formulation and implementation, and the lack of pertinence of the policy "one-size-fits-all". Fail to pay attention to the uneven development of urban and rural disabled people's livelihood, the implementation of some policies to improve the livelihood of persons with disabilities has little effect, the implementation of the policy is still lack of effective monitoring and accountability mechanisms. How to solve the above problems? The author believes that it is necessary to clarify the main body of the policy implementation of the people's livelihood of the disabled. One is to clarify the main responsibilities of the government, and the other is to unify the subject of policy formulation and implementation. Third, it is necessary to formulate incentive policies to encourage the public and social organizations to participate in public welfare activities; the formulation of policies should be more targeted. The second is the need to make policies according to the differences of the disabled groups, and the third is to formulate policies to benefit rural disabled people more in accordance with the differences between urban and rural areas. To ensure the implementation of various policies for the livelihood of the disabled. First, the implementation of the policy should have arrangements and inspections; second, the results of the implementation of the policy should be scientifically evaluated; and third, the implementation of the policy should be monitored and held accountable.
【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D669.69;D63

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本文編號：1581230