長江忠縣、巫山考古遺址的古環(huán)境研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-31 13:40
【摘要】：隨著全球變化研究的深入,人類文化發(fā)展與自然地理環(huán)境演變的關系越來越多的成為科學界關注的熱點。地理環(huán)境演變被認為是影響古代人地關系變遷的重要因素之一,文明的孕育、發(fā)展、衰落等與自然地理環(huán)境演變直接相關。利用考古遺址地層和自然地層整合來恢復歷史環(huán)境、探求環(huán)境演變的信息以及闡述當前地理環(huán)境與人地關系的形成和特點具有重要意義,也是目前探討區(qū)域文化發(fā)展對全球變化響應行之有效的方法。 重慶地處青藏高原與長江中下游平原的過渡地帶,是西南季風和東亞季風的交界處,對氣候變化響應非常敏感,也是中華文明孕育和發(fā)展的重要地區(qū)。對該區(qū)考古遺址的古環(huán)境研究對于研究區(qū)域文化發(fā)展與自然地理環(huán)境演變的關系及其對全球變化的響應具有重要意義。本文選擇該區(qū)長江一級階地上忠縣甘蔗丘遺址和巫山縣大石洞遺址,通過對遺址沉積物進行粒度、磁化率、孢粉等指標的綜合分析,探討考古遺址反映的文化發(fā)展與環(huán)境演變的關系,并同周邊及其他地區(qū)的考古遺址地層和自然地層的氣候記錄進行廣泛對比,進一步探討區(qū)域人地關系對全球變化的響應機制。獲得了一些新的認識: 甘蔗丘遺址在商周時期,氣候較為溫暖,先民在此活動;唐宋時期,氣候較為溫涼濕潤,在唐宋中期后,該遺址或附近開始水稻種植,發(fā)展農(nóng)耕;在明清時期,水稻型禾本科含量達到最大,人類活動頻繁。大石洞遺址顯示,在20-10ka.B.P.,該區(qū)氣候環(huán)境經(jīng)歷了較為溫暖濕潤-冷涼偏干-氣溫回升,濕度加大的變化,古人類生活在較為溫暖濕潤的氣候環(huán)境下。 甘蔗丘遺址位于長江一級階地上,根據(jù)粒度分析結果,該區(qū)歷史時期洪水發(fā)生較為頻繁,該遺址主要是洪水的平流沉積,洪水對于該區(qū)農(nóng)耕文明的影響并不明顯。從大石洞遺址的粒度變化特征來看,該遺址沉積主要是洪水沉積;在950-720cm,推斷可能有古人類活動,存在二次堆積。在720-320cm,主要是洪水平流沉積,320-100cm,洪水沉積外,也伴隨泥石流爆發(fā)。 通過甘蔗丘遺址地層與其他遺址地層和自然地層的對比發(fā)現(xiàn),該區(qū)文化較為繁榮發(fā)展的時期大都發(fā)生在氣候較為溫涼偏濕的氣候環(huán)境下,與該區(qū)冬季風減弱,有效濕度增大時期相對應;大石洞遺址環(huán)境變化受西南季風和東亞季風在不同地質(zhì)歷史時期轉換的影響較大,與東亞季風區(qū)的黃土沉積表現(xiàn)的氣候環(huán)境變化有差別,與格陵蘭冰芯和低緯度深海沉積略有不同,可能由于所處的緯度位置和受控的氣候系統(tǒng)不同所致。
[Abstract]:With the development of global change, the relationship between the development of human culture and the evolution of natural geographical environment has become a hot topic in the scientific community. The evolution of geographical environment is considered to be one of the important factors influencing the change of ancient people's land relationship. The breeding, development and decline of civilization are directly related to the evolution of natural geographical environment. It is of great significance to use the integration of archaeological site strata and natural strata to restore the historical environment, to search for information on the evolution of the environment and to expound the formation and characteristics of the present geographical environment and the relationship between man and land. It is also an effective method to explore the response of regional cultural development to global change. Chongqing is located in the transitional zone between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the plain of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which is the junction of the southwest monsoon and the East Asian monsoon. Chongqing is very sensitive to the response to climate change, and is also an important region for the breeding and development of Chinese civilization. The study of paleoenvironment of archaeological sites in this area is of great significance for the study of the relationship between regional cultural development and the evolution of natural geographical environment and its response to global changes. In this paper, the site of Sugarcane Hill in the first step of the Yangtze River and the site of Dashidong in Wushan County are selected. The granularity, magnetic susceptibility, sporopollen and other indexes of the sediment of the site are analyzed synthetically. This paper probes into the relationship between the cultural development reflected by archaeological sites and the evolution of the environment, and makes extensive comparisons with the climatic records of the strata and natural strata of archaeological sites in the surrounding and other regions, and further discusses the response mechanism of regional man-land relations to global changes. Some new insights have been gained: during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the climate of the Sugarcane Hill site was warmer and the ancestors were active here; during the Tang and Song dynasties, the climate was cooler and wetter, and after the middle of the Tang and Song dynasties, the site or nearby began to grow rice. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the content of rice gramineous was the highest and the human activities were frequent. Dashidong site shows that in 20-10ka.B.P., the climatic environment in this area has experienced the changes of warmer and wet-dry temperature, higher humidity, and the paleo mankind lives in a warmer and wetter climate. Sugarcane mound site is located on the first terrace of the Yangtze River. According to the results of granularity analysis, flood occurred frequently in the historical period in this area. The site is mainly the advection deposit of flood, and the flood has no obvious effect on farming civilization in this area. According to the grain size variation characteristics of Dashidong site, the deposit of this site is mainly flood deposition, and at 950-720 cm, it is inferred that there may be paleo human activities and secondary accumulation. In 720-320 cm, mainly flood horizontal flow deposition 320-100 cm, flood sediment, also accompanied by debris flow. By comparing sugarcane mound site strata with other sites and natural strata, it is found that most of the prosperous periods of the culture in this area occurred in the cooler and wetter climate, and the winter monsoon was weakened in this area. The environmental change of Dashidong site is influenced by the change of southwest monsoon and East Asian monsoon in different geological historical periods, which is different from that of loess sediment in East Asia monsoon region. It is slightly different from the Greenland ice core and deep-sea deposits at low latitudes, which may be due to the different latitudes and controlled climatic systems.
【學位授予單位】：廣州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K878
本文編號：2215156
[Abstract]:With the development of global change, the relationship between the development of human culture and the evolution of natural geographical environment has become a hot topic in the scientific community. The evolution of geographical environment is considered to be one of the important factors influencing the change of ancient people's land relationship. The breeding, development and decline of civilization are directly related to the evolution of natural geographical environment. It is of great significance to use the integration of archaeological site strata and natural strata to restore the historical environment, to search for information on the evolution of the environment and to expound the formation and characteristics of the present geographical environment and the relationship between man and land. It is also an effective method to explore the response of regional cultural development to global change. Chongqing is located in the transitional zone between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the plain of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which is the junction of the southwest monsoon and the East Asian monsoon. Chongqing is very sensitive to the response to climate change, and is also an important region for the breeding and development of Chinese civilization. The study of paleoenvironment of archaeological sites in this area is of great significance for the study of the relationship between regional cultural development and the evolution of natural geographical environment and its response to global changes. In this paper, the site of Sugarcane Hill in the first step of the Yangtze River and the site of Dashidong in Wushan County are selected. The granularity, magnetic susceptibility, sporopollen and other indexes of the sediment of the site are analyzed synthetically. This paper probes into the relationship between the cultural development reflected by archaeological sites and the evolution of the environment, and makes extensive comparisons with the climatic records of the strata and natural strata of archaeological sites in the surrounding and other regions, and further discusses the response mechanism of regional man-land relations to global changes. Some new insights have been gained: during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the climate of the Sugarcane Hill site was warmer and the ancestors were active here; during the Tang and Song dynasties, the climate was cooler and wetter, and after the middle of the Tang and Song dynasties, the site or nearby began to grow rice. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the content of rice gramineous was the highest and the human activities were frequent. Dashidong site shows that in 20-10ka.B.P., the climatic environment in this area has experienced the changes of warmer and wet-dry temperature, higher humidity, and the paleo mankind lives in a warmer and wetter climate. Sugarcane mound site is located on the first terrace of the Yangtze River. According to the results of granularity analysis, flood occurred frequently in the historical period in this area. The site is mainly the advection deposit of flood, and the flood has no obvious effect on farming civilization in this area. According to the grain size variation characteristics of Dashidong site, the deposit of this site is mainly flood deposition, and at 950-720 cm, it is inferred that there may be paleo human activities and secondary accumulation. In 720-320 cm, mainly flood horizontal flow deposition 320-100 cm, flood sediment, also accompanied by debris flow. By comparing sugarcane mound site strata with other sites and natural strata, it is found that most of the prosperous periods of the culture in this area occurred in the cooler and wetter climate, and the winter monsoon was weakened in this area. The environmental change of Dashidong site is influenced by the change of southwest monsoon and East Asian monsoon in different geological historical periods, which is different from that of loess sediment in East Asia monsoon region. It is slightly different from the Greenland ice core and deep-sea deposits at low latitudes, which may be due to the different latitudes and controlled climatic systems.
【學位授予單位】：廣州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K878
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