發(fā)布時間：2018-06-02 01:22

  本文選題：狄德羅 + 《百科全書》��； 參考：《華東師范大學》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 德尼·狄德羅(Denis Diderot,1713-1784)是法國百科全書派學者、哲學家、文學家,法國18世紀啟蒙運動的代表人物之一。由他擔任主編,并邀集同時代150余位學者,歷時近30年共同完成的《百科全書》是啟蒙運動時期最重要的著作之一�！栋倏迫珪�》構(gòu)建了全新的知識體系,用唯物主義觀點介紹當時人類最新知識、最新科技成就,以對知識、自然等的嶄新理解引導(dǎo)人們在理性的指導(dǎo)下思考世界,在摧毀歐洲中世紀神學統(tǒng)治,發(fā)展近代唯物主義哲學和為1789年法國資產(chǎn)階級革命提供思想準備等方面都起過重要作用。 18世紀正逢中國文化以前所未有的規(guī)模傳入歐洲的時期,中國遼闊的疆土、眾多的人民、悠久而相對穩(wěn)定的歷史,以及在中國流傳發(fā)展了逾越二千年的儒家的社會、政治、倫理等方面的學說對法國思想界產(chǎn)生過重要的影響,成為他們思考法國諸多問題、論證各自理論的思想素材。本文嘗試通過研究《百科全書》中有關(guān)中國的條目來解讀主編狄德羅的中國觀,以期對18世紀特別是18世紀中葉以后法國思想界對中國的看法及其演變,以及發(fā)生這種演變的原因,提出初步的看法。 論文包括前言、第一至第四章和余論,合計六個部分。 前言部分簡要介紹《百科全書》的編纂和中國文化熱的大背景、選題的意義和旨趣、關(guān)于《百科全書》和狄德羅中國觀研究的國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀等。 第一章介紹《百科全書》和《百科全書》誕生時代的法國,分為兩節(jié)。第一節(jié)系統(tǒng)介紹《百科全書》的出版和影響,主要論述狄德羅等人編寫《百科全書》的宗旨和方法;作為啟蒙運動時代最重要影響最大的著作,它的創(chuàng)舉及特殊之處;它在傳播啟蒙思想、反對宗教蒙昧和君主專制方面的作用。第二節(jié)介紹《百科全書》誕生時代的法國社會,簡述舊制度末期法國農(nóng)業(yè)、工商業(yè)狀況;政治、經(jīng)濟、社會等各領(lǐng)域的矛盾;啟蒙思想家以自然和理性為武器對舊制度的批判以及他們改革的思想甚至革命的主張。這些都是《百科全書》作為一部理性的、科學系統(tǒng)的知識大全編纂出版,并成為傳播啟蒙思想工具的歷史背景。 第二章介紹法國18世紀“中國熱”,分為兩節(jié)。第一節(jié)主要講述“中國熱”的大致盛況;來華傳教士在其中的作用和重要著述;法國因為其政治、經(jīng)濟、文化等因素成為當時“中國熱”的中心。第二節(jié)介紹法國啟蒙思想家關(guān)于中國的話題,談到他們關(guān)于中國問題論述及看法的演變;“頌華”和“貶華”兩種不同的觀點及代表人物;18世紀50、60年代,即《百科全書》開始編纂之時,指摘中國諸多弊端的言論逐漸增多。 第三章系統(tǒng)介紹《百科全書》中描述中國的有關(guān)條目,分為三節(jié)。第一節(jié)介紹關(guān)于中國條目的撰寫人和他們撰寫的主要條目。第二節(jié)論述《百科全書》中關(guān)于中國資料的兩大來源。第三節(jié)從哲學和宗教、歷史和編年、政府、經(jīng)濟技術(shù)和科技等方面介紹其中有關(guān)中國的條目,并歸納《百科全書》中中國的大致形象。 第四章論述狄德羅的中國觀,分為三節(jié)。狄德羅作為《百科全書》主編,不僅撰寫了著名的“中國”、“中國哲學”詞條,第一次勾勒出中國哲學發(fā)展的脈絡(luò),而且與以頌華為主的伏爾泰和以貶華為主的孟德斯鳩不同,他對當時人們所知的有關(guān)中國信息始終抱有懷疑,對中國文化、歷史、哲學等問題采取的是辯證分析、客觀引據(jù)的態(tài)度。此外,他對中國的評述體現(xiàn)出時代變化的特征。因此,為了更好地了解《百科全書》中的中國以及中國對18世紀法國啟蒙思想家們的影響,本文特辟一章作進一步的分析。第一節(jié)簡要介紹狄德羅的生平以及他為編寫《百科全書》作出的貢獻。第二節(jié)介紹狄德羅撰寫的關(guān)于中國的條目,并進行初步分類。第三節(jié)分析總結(jié)狄德羅的中國觀。 余論部分對《百科全書》及法國啟蒙思想家的中國觀進一步加以總結(jié),并作了評價與分析。提出中國在文化溝通與對話中值得思考的問題。
[Abstract]:Denis Diderot (Denis Diderot, 1713-1784) is a French encyclopedia scholar, philosopher, writer and one of the representatives of the French Enlightenment Movement in eighteenth Century. He was the chief editor of the French Enlightenment Movement in eighteenth Century, and invited more than 150 scholars of the same time. The encyclopedia, which lasted for nearly 30 years, was one of the most important works of the Enlightenment period. < encyclopedia > The new knowledge system was constructed, the latest knowledge of mankind at that time was introduced, the latest scientific achievements were introduced, and a new understanding of knowledge and nature guided people to think about the world under the guidance of reason. It destroyed the European medieval theological rule, developed the modern materialism philosophy and provided the thought of the French bourgeois revolution in 1789. It has played an important role in trying to prepare and so on.
In eighteenth Century, when Chinese culture was introduced into Europe on an unprecedented scale, China's vast territory, a large number of people, a long and relatively stable history, and the Confucian social, political, ethical and other doctrines that had been spread over two thousand years in China had an important influence on the ideological circle of the law and became their thinking. This article tries to interpret the Chinese view of the editor in chief of Diderot by studying the entries in the Encyclopedia of the Encyclopedia of the Encyclopedia of the encyclopedia, in order to make a preliminary view on the views and evolution of the French ideological circle on China in eighteenth Century, especially after the mid eighteenth Century, and the reasons for this evolution.
The thesis includes preface, the first to the fourth chapter and the remaining theory, and it consists of six parts.
The preface gives a brief introduction to the compiling of the encyclopedia and the great background of Chinese cultural fever, the significance and the purport of the topic, and the present situation at home and abroad on the encyclopedia and the research on Diderot's Chinese view.
The first chapter introduces the encyclopedia and encyclopedia France, which is divided into two sections. The first section introduces the publication and influence of the encyclopedia systematically. It mainly discusses the purpose and methods of Diderot and others to write < encyclopedia >; it is the most important and most important work in the age of enlightenment. The second section introduces the French Society of the Encyclopedia of the encyclopedia, the French agriculture, industry and commerce, the political, economic and social contradictions in the end of the old system, and the criticism of the old system by the Enlightenment thinkers as a weapon of nature and reason and the thought of their reform. Even the ideas of the revolution are all compiling the Encyclopedia of the Encyclopedia of a rational, scientific and systematic knowledge and a historical background for the dissemination of the ideological tools of enlightenment.
The second chapter introduces the "Chinese fever" in France in eighteenth Century, which is divided into two sections. The first section mainly describes the general situation of "Chinese fever", the role and important writings of the missionaries in China; France has become the center of "Chinese fever" at that time because of its political, economic, cultural and other factors. The second section introduces the topic of the French Enlightenment thinkers on China. The evolution of their discussion and views on China's issues; the two different views and representatives of "praising China" and "derogatory China"; in the 50,60 years of eighteenth Century, the beginning of the Encyclopedia of the encyclopedia, there was a gradual increase in the criticism of many malpractices in China.
The third chapter systematically introduces the relevant entries described in the Encyclopedia of the encyclopedia, which is divided into three sections. The first section introduces the authors of Chinese articles and the main entries they write. The second section discusses the two major sources of China's materials in the encyclopedia. The third section is from philosophy and religion, history and chronology, government, economic technology and science and technology. It introduces Chinese entries and summarizes the general image of China in the encyclopedia.
The fourth chapter discusses Diderot's view of China, which is divided into three sections. As the chief editor of the encyclopedia, Diderot not only wrote the famous "China", "Chinese philosophy", but also outlined the development of Chinese philosophy for the first time, and was different from Diderot, who was the Lord of Song Hua and Montesquieu, who derogated the owner of Montesquieu. The Chinese information has always been doubted, the Chinese culture, history, philosophy and other issues are taken by dialectical analysis, the attitude of objective citation. In addition, his comments on China reflect the characteristics of the changes of the times. Therefore, to better understand the influence of China and China on the French Enlightenment thinkers in the eighteenth Century, the influence of the encyclopedia on the Encyclopedia of the encyclopedia and China The first section makes a further analysis. The first section briefly introduces Diderot's life and his contribution to the compiling of the encyclopedia. The second section introduces Diderot's entries on China, and carries out a preliminary classification. The third section analyses and summarizes Diderot's view of China.
The other part of the paper further sums up the Chinese view of the encyclopedia and the French Enlightenment thinkers, and makes an evaluation and analysis, and puts forward some problems that should be considered in China's cultural communication and dialogue.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K565;Z256.5

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本文編號：1966648