論16、17世紀(jì)英國(guó)同業(yè)公會(huì)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-21 18:39
【摘要】：作為西歐社會(huì)重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)組織之一,公會(huì)在中世紀(jì)晚期、近代早期的英國(guó)城市經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中占有重要地位。自14世紀(jì)下半葉,隨著商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,資本主義生產(chǎn)關(guān)系萌芽的出現(xiàn),城市中手工業(yè)行會(huì)不斷地發(fā)展和變化,通過(guò)逐漸分化和聯(lián)合,形成了更大的組織——公會(huì),它適應(yīng)了當(dāng)時(shí)生產(chǎn)力水平,在一定程度上保護(hù)和發(fā)展了萌芽中的資本主義生產(chǎn)關(guān)系。本文主要從四部分對(duì)公會(huì)進(jìn)行論述。 第一部分論述手工業(yè)行會(huì)向公會(huì)的過(guò)渡。一部分對(duì)16、17世紀(jì)英國(guó)社會(huì)商品市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展作簡(jiǎn)要論述；另一部分主要對(duì)中世紀(jì)晚期,為適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要,手工業(yè)行會(huì)紛紛向更大組織——公會(huì)過(guò)渡進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要的梳理,理順行會(huì)向公會(huì)過(guò)渡的時(shí)間、途徑等。 第二部分論述同業(yè)公會(huì)的生產(chǎn)屬性。在這一部分主要講述資本主義生產(chǎn)方式的產(chǎn)生,它對(duì)公會(huì)帶來(lái)的影響以及公會(huì)內(nèi)部組織生產(chǎn)方式發(fā)生了怎樣的變化,以自己愚見(jiàn),認(rèn)為原來(lái)的行會(huì)內(nèi)部采用師傅-幫工-學(xué)徒同一程序內(nèi)的混合生產(chǎn)制,后來(lái)變?yōu)椤按髱煾怠奔吧倘速Y本家與小師傅階層間的分成生產(chǎn)。 第三部分論述公會(huì)內(nèi)部的組織結(jié)構(gòu)。此部分的結(jié)構(gòu)重點(diǎn)介紹內(nèi)部人員構(gòu)成上發(fā)生等級(jí)變化及要對(duì)公會(huì)的職能進(jìn)行論述,闡述公會(huì)職能的不斷強(qiáng)化。此外,還要強(qiáng)調(diào)公會(huì)內(nèi)部商人力量的不斷壯大,商業(yè)公會(huì)實(shí)力不斷增強(qiáng)。 第四部分論述公會(huì)的歷史地位。這一部分主要從兩大方面進(jìn)行闡述：一方面從對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)英國(guó)城市經(jīng)濟(jì)的積極影響上；另一方面是探究公會(huì)的社會(huì)局限性,從對(duì)技術(shù)革新與傳承、公會(huì)成員權(quán)利的限制方面探討其局限性。 在結(jié)語(yǔ)部分,文章對(duì)全文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要的回顧總結(jié),指出同業(yè)公會(huì)的本質(zhì)屬性及其走向衰亡的歷史命運(yùn)。
[Abstract]:As one of the important economic organizations in Western Europe, guilds played an important role in the economic life of English cities in the late Middle Ages and early modern times. Since the second half of the 14th century, with the development of commodity economy and the emergence of capitalist relations of production, handicraft guilds in cities have been developing and changing constantly. Through gradual differentiation and association, a larger organization, the guild, has been formed. It adapted to the level of productivity at that time and protected and developed the budding capitalist relations of production to a certain extent. This paper mainly discusses the guild from four parts. The first part discusses the transition from handicraft guild to guild. One part briefly discusses the development of the British social commodity market economy in the 16th and 17th centuries, and the other part mainly deals with the needs of economic development in the late Middle Ages. In order to meet the needs of economic development, handicraft trade associations have one after another made a brief combing of the transition to a larger organization, the guild. Straighten out the time, path, etc from guild to guild. The second part discusses the production attribute of the trade association. In this part, we mainly talk about the emergence of capitalist mode of production, the influence it brings to guild and how the mode of production within guild has changed. It is considered that the original guild used the mixed production system of the same procedure of master, helper and apprentice, and later became the "master" and the division between the merchant capitalists and the little masters. The third part discusses the internal structure of the guild. The structure of this part mainly introduces the internal personnel structure changes and the function of the guild, expounds the constant strengthening of the guild's function. In addition, we should also emphasize the growing strength of businessmen within the guild and the strength of the commercial guild. The fourth part discusses the historical status of guild. This part is mainly from two aspects: on the one hand, from the positive impact on the British urban economy; on the other hand, it explores the social limitations of the guild, from the technical innovation and inheritance. The limitations of the rights of guild members are discussed. In the conclusion part, the article makes a brief review and summary of the content of the full text, and points out the essential attribute of the trade association and its historical fate.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F156.1;K561
本文編號(hào)：2286003
[Abstract]:As one of the important economic organizations in Western Europe, guilds played an important role in the economic life of English cities in the late Middle Ages and early modern times. Since the second half of the 14th century, with the development of commodity economy and the emergence of capitalist relations of production, handicraft guilds in cities have been developing and changing constantly. Through gradual differentiation and association, a larger organization, the guild, has been formed. It adapted to the level of productivity at that time and protected and developed the budding capitalist relations of production to a certain extent. This paper mainly discusses the guild from four parts. The first part discusses the transition from handicraft guild to guild. One part briefly discusses the development of the British social commodity market economy in the 16th and 17th centuries, and the other part mainly deals with the needs of economic development in the late Middle Ages. In order to meet the needs of economic development, handicraft trade associations have one after another made a brief combing of the transition to a larger organization, the guild. Straighten out the time, path, etc from guild to guild. The second part discusses the production attribute of the trade association. In this part, we mainly talk about the emergence of capitalist mode of production, the influence it brings to guild and how the mode of production within guild has changed. It is considered that the original guild used the mixed production system of the same procedure of master, helper and apprentice, and later became the "master" and the division between the merchant capitalists and the little masters. The third part discusses the internal structure of the guild. The structure of this part mainly introduces the internal personnel structure changes and the function of the guild, expounds the constant strengthening of the guild's function. In addition, we should also emphasize the growing strength of businessmen within the guild and the strength of the commercial guild. The fourth part discusses the historical status of guild. This part is mainly from two aspects: on the one hand, from the positive impact on the British urban economy; on the other hand, it explores the social limitations of the guild, from the technical innovation and inheritance. The limitations of the rights of guild members are discussed. In the conclusion part, the article makes a brief review and summary of the content of the full text, and points out the essential attribute of the trade association and its historical fate.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F156.1;K561
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條
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2 顧鑾齋;中西封建行會(huì)的一些差異[J];東方論壇.青島大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);1997年01期
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，本文編號(hào)：2286003
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