美國NSC-68號文件研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-23 14:46
【摘要】：NSC-68號文件在冷戰(zhàn)史研究中有著重要的地位,對于其在冷戰(zhàn)中的影響,冷戰(zhàn)史研究學(xué)者有著不同的見解,或稱贊其為“冷戰(zhàn)的藍(lán)圖”,是美國贏得冷戰(zhàn)的重要因素,或認(rèn)為文件是導(dǎo)致冷戰(zhàn)升級的罪魁禍?zhǔn)住，F(xiàn)階段研究成果中對NSC-68號文件重要性的體現(xiàn)主要集中在影響方面,而就文件出臺背景、出臺過程、主要的策劃者、文本內(nèi)容等的研究成果并不多,因此本文試圖整理文件出臺的一系列環(huán)節(jié),一方面實(shí)現(xiàn)對NSC-68號文件的系統(tǒng)整理,以期為日后相關(guān)的研究提供詳細(xì)的資料;另一方面通過系統(tǒng)整理更加深刻地理解文件在冷戰(zhàn)史以及在維護(hù)美國國家安全利益中的作用。 文章分為四個部分: 第一章:介紹NSC-68號文件出臺的歷史背景。冷戰(zhàn)初期,美國的冷戰(zhàn)思維是以喬治?凱南為基準(zhǔn)的,凱南提出遏制政策,但是卻并沒有配合具體的措施,1949年當(dāng)蘇聯(lián)成功進(jìn)行核試驗(yàn),以及社會主義陣營中增添了中國這一新成員之后,杜魯門政府在面對巨大壓力下,開始尋求符合形勢需要的政策指導(dǎo),NSC-68號文件應(yīng)時而生。 第二章:介紹NSC-68號文件的主要策劃者:保羅?尼采,以及文件出臺的過程。保羅?尼采是一位具有豐富閱歷的政治家,經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家出身以及豐富的軍事理論,使他擁有分析國際形勢的獨(dú)特眼光。NSC-68號文件是保羅?尼采對時局認(rèn)識的結(jié)晶,文件一經(jīng)提出之后,圍繞對蘇聯(lián)的強(qiáng)硬措施以及實(shí)施這些措施所會帶來的巨額軍費(fèi)產(chǎn)生了諸多爭論, 1950年朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭的爆發(fā)為文件的通過提供了契機(jī)。 第三章:對NSC-68號文件從①美蘇沖突實(shí)質(zhì):理念之爭,②美蘇對抗:意圖與能力,③重中之重:軍事優(yōu)勢,④美國的策略與抉擇等四個方面對NSC-68號文件進(jìn)行文本上的解讀,意圖在整體上把握NSC-68號文件,尋求重點(diǎn),挖掘NSC-68號文件的意圖。 第四章:從美國發(fā)動全面冷戰(zhàn)和濫用武力以致陷入戰(zhàn)爭泥潭兩個方面,來分析NSC-68號文件在冷戰(zhàn)中的影響。NSC-68號文件將美國推向了全面冷戰(zhàn),為此美國政府在全球范圍內(nèi)消除蘇聯(lián)勢力的擴(kuò)張,全面遏制成為蘇聯(lián)最終解體的重要外因。但是全球干涉也給美國政府帶來沉重壓力,朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭以及越南戰(zhàn)爭都曾使得美國陷入泥潭,不能自拔。
[Abstract]:The NSC-68 document plays an important role in the study of the history of the cold war. For its influence on the history of the cold war, scholars of the history of the cold war have different views or praise it as the "blueprint of the cold war", which is an important factor for the United States to win the cold war. Or that the document was the culprit of the Cold War escalation. At present, the importance of NSC-68 document is mainly reflected in the research results. However, there are not many research results on the background, the process, the main planners, the text content and so on. Therefore, this paper tries to sort out a series of links, on the one hand, to achieve the systematic arrangement of NSC-68 documents, in order to provide detailed information for future research; On the other hand, the role of documents in the history of cold war and in safeguarding the national security interests of the United States is further understood through systematical collation. The article is divided into four parts: chapter one: introduce the historical background of NSC-68 document. In the early years of the Cold War, did the US think about the Cold War with George? Kenan proposed a containment policy, but did not cooperate with specific measures. After the Soviet Union conducted a successful nuclear test in 1949 and the new member of the socialist camp was added to China, Under intense pressure, Truman's government began seeking policy guidance tailored to the needs of the situation, and the NSC-68 document came into being. Chapter II: introduction to the NSC-68 document of the main plotters: Paul? Nietzsche, and the documentation process. Paul Nietzsche is an experienced politician, an economist, and a rich military theory that gives him a unique insight into the international situation. The crystallization of Nietzsche's understanding of the current situation, once the document was put forward, around the tough measures against the Soviet Union and the implementation of these measures will bring a huge amount of military debate, the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950 provided an opportunity for the document to pass. Chapter three: the paper interprets the NSC-68 document from four aspects: the essence of the US-Soviet conflict: the conflict of ideas, the U.S.-Soviet confrontation: intention and capability, the most important part: military superiority, and the strategy and choice of the United States. The intention is to grasp the NSC-68 document as a whole, to seek the key points, and to excavate the intention of the NSC-68 document. Chapter four: analyze the influence of NSC-68 document in the Cold War from two aspects: the United States launched the overall Cold War and the United States got into the quagmire of war as a result of excessive use of force. NSC-68 document pushed the United States to a full-scale Cold War. Therefore, the United States government eliminated the expansion of the Soviet Union in the global scope and completely contained the important external cause of the eventual disintegration of the Soviet Union. But global intervention has also put heavy pressure on the U.S. government, which was bogged down by the Korean War and the Vietnam War.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K712.54
本文編號：2289555
[Abstract]:The NSC-68 document plays an important role in the study of the history of the cold war. For its influence on the history of the cold war, scholars of the history of the cold war have different views or praise it as the "blueprint of the cold war", which is an important factor for the United States to win the cold war. Or that the document was the culprit of the Cold War escalation. At present, the importance of NSC-68 document is mainly reflected in the research results. However, there are not many research results on the background, the process, the main planners, the text content and so on. Therefore, this paper tries to sort out a series of links, on the one hand, to achieve the systematic arrangement of NSC-68 documents, in order to provide detailed information for future research; On the other hand, the role of documents in the history of cold war and in safeguarding the national security interests of the United States is further understood through systematical collation. The article is divided into four parts: chapter one: introduce the historical background of NSC-68 document. In the early years of the Cold War, did the US think about the Cold War with George? Kenan proposed a containment policy, but did not cooperate with specific measures. After the Soviet Union conducted a successful nuclear test in 1949 and the new member of the socialist camp was added to China, Under intense pressure, Truman's government began seeking policy guidance tailored to the needs of the situation, and the NSC-68 document came into being. Chapter II: introduction to the NSC-68 document of the main plotters: Paul? Nietzsche, and the documentation process. Paul Nietzsche is an experienced politician, an economist, and a rich military theory that gives him a unique insight into the international situation. The crystallization of Nietzsche's understanding of the current situation, once the document was put forward, around the tough measures against the Soviet Union and the implementation of these measures will bring a huge amount of military debate, the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950 provided an opportunity for the document to pass. Chapter three: the paper interprets the NSC-68 document from four aspects: the essence of the US-Soviet conflict: the conflict of ideas, the U.S.-Soviet confrontation: intention and capability, the most important part: military superiority, and the strategy and choice of the United States. The intention is to grasp the NSC-68 document as a whole, to seek the key points, and to excavate the intention of the NSC-68 document. Chapter four: analyze the influence of NSC-68 document in the Cold War from two aspects: the United States launched the overall Cold War and the United States got into the quagmire of war as a result of excessive use of force. NSC-68 document pushed the United States to a full-scale Cold War. Therefore, the United States government eliminated the expansion of the Soviet Union in the global scope and completely contained the important external cause of the eventual disintegration of the Soviet Union. But global intervention has also put heavy pressure on the U.S. government, which was bogged down by the Korean War and the Vietnam War.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K712.54
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