發(fā)布時間：2018-02-10 02:19

  本文關鍵詞： 名教 任自然 自然 嵇康 及其 思想 研究　出處：《重慶師范大學》2003年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 嵇康是魏晉時期竹林七賢中的代表人物之一，也是魏晉時期重要的思想家之一。在司馬氏以封建名教治天下時期，他提出了以“越名教而任自然”為核心的自然主義思想，在當時真所謂驚世駭俗，振聾發(fā)聵，即表現(xiàn)了他作為思想家的理論敏銳性，又表現(xiàn)了他作為一名正直士人的大無畏精神。嵇康向往過一種優(yōu)游容與、自然而然的生活，但在現(xiàn)實生活中他又無法真正擺脫現(xiàn)實的羈絆，因此在他思想中所表現(xiàn)出的理想化與現(xiàn)實之間出現(xiàn)了諸多的矛盾。本文擬從以下幾個方面對嵇康的思想以及他的現(xiàn)實人生進行分析。 一、嵇康思想的歷史、社會、思想背景。 嵇康思想遠承道家“自然無為”的精神，也是魏晉玄學發(fā)展到竹林時期的一種典型代表。他的思想的出現(xiàn)與當時的社會時代背景有密不可分的關系，“高平陵事件”之后，司馬氏掌握了國家政權，以虛偽名教治理天下。嵇康作為曹魏的女婿，本人又秉性剛直，遂針對虛偽名教提出了“越名教而任自然”的思想。同時，玄學思潮的興起也對嵇康思想有重要影響。 二、嵇康思想的基本架構。 嵇康思想理論體系的特征和貫穿其始終的一條主線是自然主義。嵇康的自然主義以他的自然觀為理論基礎。他自然觀的核心是氣一元論。嵇康自然主義在理論體系上主要表現(xiàn)為三點：一是他認為元氣自然；二是人性自然；三是度、數(shù)(規(guī)律)自然。 嵇康思想的核心是他“越名教而任自然”的思想�！霸矫�教而任自然”的思想主要由兩個部分組成。“越名教”著重從“破”的方面入手，通過深刻揭露禮法之士的虛偽面目，批判當時的社會制度與社會現(xiàn)實，非毀統(tǒng)治秩序的理論依據——圣人和經典，拋棄名利仕祿來實現(xiàn)的�！叭巫匀弧睆摹傲ⅰ钡姆矫嫒胧郑�著重闡述其理想生活狀態(tài)和理想社會構成。 三、嵇康現(xiàn)實人生和生活實踐。 嵇康的自然主義表現(xiàn)出重客觀、順自然的特點。不過，，他并沒有將其貫徹到實際生活態(tài)度和方式中，由于他過分執(zhí)著于自我精神境界的追求，從而有違于其“自然而然”的初衷。嵇康在現(xiàn)實生活中的行為方式主要表現(xiàn)出三個特點：一是師心傲物；二是使氣任性；三是一往情深。 四、嵇康思想與其生活實踐之間的矛盾。 嵇康無法將自然主義思想的初衷落實到現(xiàn)實生活中。在現(xiàn)實生活中他過于執(zhí)著于“自我”的圄限，執(zhí)著于理想人格的追求，無法真正做到 摘要 虛淡、自然而然。因此，他不可避免地深陷于理想和現(xiàn)實的矛盾中無法 自拔，出現(xiàn)了諸多矛盾言行。 五、稚康化解矛盾的方式。 為了能化解矛盾所帶來的痛苦，秘康移情音樂，醉心于主體的超越， 徜徉于審美的世界，希望在審美中達到心靈的平和。在養(yǎng)生思想中，他 醉心于世俗的超越，希望通過個人的養(yǎng)性全真，達到理想的超然境界。 六、稻康及其思想的價值和意義。 秘康思想具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。從學術價值上來說，它將玄 學中“自然無為”思想的純哲學意境人間化了;從人生哲學上來看，它 提升了人的主體地位，肯定了人本身的價值;更重要的是對當時社會的 影響，他站在社會批判者的立場，以徹底不妥協(xié)的態(tài)度對黑暗社會現(xiàn)實 進行批判和斗爭。雖然他的行為杯水車薪，無異于以卵擊石，但他的人 格魅力卻對后世產生了深遠。
[Abstract]:Ji Kang is one of the representatives of the Wei and Jin Dynasties in the bamboo grove, is one of the important thinkers in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. In Sima's feudal Confucian governing period, he put forward a "yuemingjiao and natural" as the core of the naturalistic thought, at the time of the so-called Great Teaching, which shows his shock, as a thinker the theory of acumen, and shows him as an honest scholar of the dauntless spirit. Ji Kang is expected to have a free volume and natural life, but in reality he was unable to get rid of the fetters of reality, many of the contradictions between the ideal for this in his mind which appears in reality and this thesis will analyze Ji Kang's thought and his real life from the following aspects.
First, the history, society, and ideological background of Ji Kang's thought.
Ji Kang thought inherited the Taoist "natural inaction" of the spirit, a typical development is metaphysics during Zhulin period. His thought has a close relationship with the social background of that time, after "Gaoping Ling incident", Sima's grasp of the state power, to rule the world. Ji Kang named hypocrisy as Wei the son, I also mettle upright and then for the false teachers put forward "yuemingjiao and natural". At the same time, the rise of metaphysics also have important influence on Ji Kang's thought.
Two, the basic framework of Ji Kang's thought.
The characteristics of the theoretical system of Ji Kang thought and through the beginning of a line is naturalism. Ji Kang's naturalism in his view of nature as the theoretical basis. The core of his view of nature is the gas monism. Ji Kang's naturalism in theory mainly in three points: one is that he thinks the vitality of nature; two is human nature; three degree (Law), the number of natural.
The core of Ji Kang's thought is his "yuemingjiao and natural" thinking. "Yuemingjiao and natural" thought mainly consists of two parts. "The teaching" focuses on the "broken" aspects by hypocrisy unmasked etiquette people, and criticize the social system at that time the social reality, the theoretical basis of the ruling order, non destruction of saints and classics, abandoning reputation andbenefits to achieve. "Nature" starting from "Li", focuses on the ideal living state and ideal society.
Three, Ji Kang's real life and life practice.
Ji Kang's naturalism had objectively, natural characteristics. However, he did not carry out to the actual attitude and way of life, because he is too self clinging to the pursuit of the spiritual realm, which is contrary to the original intention of the "natural". Ji Kang in real life behavior mainly show three characteristics: one is the division of a proud heart; the two is to make the gas spoied; three is passionately devoted.
Four, the contradiction between Ji Kang's thought and his life practice.
Ji Kang will not be able to implement the original intention of naturalism in real life. In real life, he is too obsessed with the "self" is limited, dedicated to the pursuit of ideal personality, can not truly
abstract
As a result, he inevitably falls into the contradiction between the ideal and the reality.
There have been many contradictions and actions.
Five, the way for juveniles to resolve contradictions.
In order to dissolve the pain caused by the contradiction, the constipation empathy music, and is obsessed with the transcendence of the main body.
To wander in the aesthetic world and to achieve the peace of mind in the aesthetic. In the thought of health, he
Beyond indulging in secular, hope through personal cultivation of Quanzhen, reach ideal transcendent realm.
Six, the value and significance of the rice Kang and his thought.
The thought of constipation has important theoretical and practical significance. From the academic value, it will be metaphysical.
The pure philosophical conception of "natural inaction" in learning is human; from the philosophy of life, it
It has promoted the status of the human body and affirmed the value of the man itself; more importantly, it was the society at that time.
He stands in the position of the social critic, with a thorough and uncompromising attitude towards the reality of the dark society
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本文編號：1499426