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  本文選題：元朝　切入點：蒙古統(tǒng)治　出處：《南開大學》2003年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：山西地區(qū)位于黃土高原之東,中原大地以北之區(qū),古稱河東,又曰山右。它東以太行山作為屏障與河北相隔;西憑黃河作為襟帶與陜西為塹;南依黃河與王屋、太行等諸山之險作為河南門戶;北有勾注雁門和陰山山脈作為外蔽與內(nèi)蒙古臨界。前人歷來將其稱為進可以攻,退可以守的“表里河山,形勝之區(qū)”,又稱“河東者九州之冠”,“中原之有河東,如人之有肩背”,甚至有“不得河東不雄”之語。 從1211 年以后的二十年間,在蒙古軍不斷南下攻金的過程中,特別是在中都燕京失守以后,山西地區(qū)成為金朝屏蔽中原、保衛(wèi)汴京的重要門戶。在征服與占領山西地區(qū)之后,蒙古軍不斷南下,分兵向西、向南渡過黃河,實行南北夾擊,消滅金軍主力,徹底滅亡金朝。隨之,蒙古汗廷在河東山西建立起多重軍事、政治勢力相結合的統(tǒng)治格局,不斷加強對山西地區(qū)的經(jīng)營治理,促使河東山西成為蒙古統(tǒng)治者征服右翼方向上的戰(zhàn)略跳板與重要基地,有力地強化與確立了蒙古統(tǒng)治者在全國的統(tǒng)治地位。在忽必烈定都燕京,君臨天下以后,河東山西的戰(zhàn)略地位逐步提高,成為元朝賴以藩輔統(tǒng)治核心的腹里重地。不僅如此,河東山西的資源豐富、經(jīng)濟發(fā)達、文化教育較為進步,以特有的自然資源與人文資源對有元一代的軍事、政治、經(jīng)濟、文化等各個領域發(fā)揮出重要作用。元朝末年,河東山西則又成為元統(tǒng)治者在中原漢地的最后堡壘。 就所展開研究論述的主要內(nèi)容來說,本文擬將歸納為有元一代征服與鎮(zhèn)戍山西地區(qū)的武裝力量,山西地區(qū)的漢人世侯,諸王勛臣在山西地區(qū)的分封及其特權,山西地區(qū)的最高軍政統(tǒng)治機構,農(nóng)牧漁獵諸業(yè)、手工諸業(yè)、站赤交通的進步擴大,佛、道二教與文學的興盛發(fā)展,社會生活的交流融合等十大方面。 有元一代,河東山西作為腹里地區(qū)的組成部分,始終是元統(tǒng)治者征服與統(tǒng)治的重要地盤。其間,元統(tǒng)治者先后采用蒙古軍、探馬赤軍、漢軍與侍衛(wèi)親軍等諸種軍隊進行征戍,形成不同時期的內(nèi)部鎮(zhèn)戍與外出征伐的軍事體系,不僅確保元統(tǒng)治者在河東山西的牢固控制,而且促使這一地區(qū)成為元統(tǒng)治者在中原漢地的軍事基地與最后堡壘。 漢人世侯是蒙古汗廷將地方大小軍政權力,分別授給降蒙地方武裝首領,且又賦予守土傳世,專制一方的政治特權,以便間接統(tǒng)治中原漢地的特殊產(chǎn)物。這些漢人世侯具有弱小性、效死性、依附性與外戍性等明顯特征。由于河東山西從軍事上成為元統(tǒng)治者在右翼方向上進行征服的戰(zhàn)略跳板與軍需補給的重要基地,所以,河東山西的漢人世侯很早便在劉黑馬的統(tǒng)轄之下外出征戰(zhàn)陜西、河南等地,在滅金中發(fā)揮出重要作用。滅金以后,河東山西的漢人世侯在元統(tǒng)治者采取陜西、四川右路西向的征進格局下,不斷隨從蒙古軍,征伐南宋,轉戰(zhàn)陜西、四川等地,并在陜西、四川及湖北等地的軍事征服中繼續(xù)發(fā)揮出重要作用。 在征服與統(tǒng)治河東山西的過程中,蒙古汗廷按照建國的傳統(tǒng)慣例,在有血緣關系的諸王貴戚之中裂土分民,共享權益,分別劃定諸王貴戚、駙馬勛臣的各自范圍,極力確保其政治特權與經(jīng)濟權益。其間,“監(jiān)國公主”、獨木干公主、術赤、察合臺及其后王等諸王貴戚、駙馬勛臣均在河東山西獲得過監(jiān)臨、分封與留駐等各種大小政治特權。元朝建立以后,元廷采取定期滿足蒙古諸王及其部屬生活所需的供給措施,將部分諸王率部留駐河東山西輔翼大都,邊藩重寄,同時還以大量賞賜作為籠絡羈縻的主要手段,不時
[Abstract]:Shanxi area is located in the Loess Plateau to the East, the Central Plains to the north of the region, called the East, another mountain right. It east to Taihang Mountain as a barrier between Hebei and the West; with the Yellow River and Shaanxi as Lapel with cutting; south the Yellow River and Taihang Mountains Wangwu, such as Henan insurance portal; North hook injection Yanmen and Yinshan Mountains as shelter and Inner Mongolia. It has always been critical of previous called into can attack, retreat can keep the table and win ", also known as the" crown of the East "Kyushu," Central Plains of Hedong, as a man with shoulder ", even" shall not Hedong the male of the language.
Since 1211 twenty years, in the process of Mongolia's military continues to attack the south of gold, especially in Yanjing after the fall of Shanxi area, the Central Plains became an important gateway to defend the shield, Bianjing. After the conquest and occupation of Shanxi in the Mongolia area, from north to south, south through the Yellow River, the forces of the west, the north and south flank, destroy the gold main force, the complete demise of Jin Dynasty. Subsequently, Mongolia Khan court built up multiple military political forces in the East Shanxi, the combination of rule pattern, continue to strengthen the management of the Shanxi area, the Shanxi Hedong as the ruler of Mongolia to conquer the strategic direction of the right-wing springboard and important base, effectively strengthen and establish the rulers of Mongolia in the dominant position. In the Kublai capital Yanjing, Harbourside, strategic position of Shanxi region increased gradually, become the Lai Yifan rule in the core of the abdominal auxiliary Heavy. Not only that, the east of Shanxi is rich in resources, economy, culture and education are in progress, natural resources and human resources unique to the Yuan Dynasty's military, political, economic, cultural and other fields play an important role. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Shanxi east becomes the ruler in the Han Yuan at the end of the fort.
The main content of the research paper, this paper will be summarized as Yuan Dynasty conquest and garrison in Shanxi armed forces, the Shanxi area Han Marquis, the Wang Xunchen packet and privileges in the Shanxi area, the highest military rule organization of Shanxi area, agriculture and animal husbandry in the fishing industry, the handicraft industry. The red traffic stops progress to expand, the Buddha, two road of prosperity and development of teaching and literature, social exchange and fusion of ten aspects.
Yuan Dynasty, Shanxi as part of Hedong region, is an important site of conquest and domination of the Yuan Dynasty. In the meantime, the rulers adopted Mongolia army, Red Army spies, army and the bodyguard of the army expedition, formed in different periods within the garrison and go out against the military system. Not only to ensure the Yuan rulers in East Shanxi and firmly control, make this area become the rulers in the Central Plains Han military base and the last bastion.
Han marquis is Mongolia Khan Ting will place the size of military power, are given to drop by local armed forces, and also gives the land handed down, one party autocratic political privileges to indirect rule Han special products. These Han marquis is weak, authority, and attachment features of Shu etc. because of East Shanxi from the military to become an important base, Yuan rulers strategic springboard and military supplies to conquer in the right direction on the east so Shanxi Han Marquis soon under the command of Liu Heima out in Shaanxi, Henan and other places, play an important role in killing gold. Gold after death Hedong, Shanxi Han Marquis \ by the rulers of Shaanxi, Sichuan Road West to the right sign into the situation, constantly after Mongolia's military conquest, the Southern Song Dynasty, he moved to Shaanxi, Sichuan and other places, and in Shaanxi, Sichuan and Hubei and other places of military conquest It continues to play an important role.
In the process of conquest and rule of East Shanxi, Mongolia according to the tradition of the aul, in a blood relationship among the kings such cracked soil divided people, shared interests, were designated the kings of Guiqi, their range consort Xun Chen, to ensure its political and economic rights and privileges. In the meantime, the supervision in the princess "a dry princess, Juchi, king of kings and the emperor Guiqi, Xun Chen in Shanxi Hedong received temporary prison, Herod and them some privileges. After the founding of the Yuan Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty of the kings of Mongolia and take regular meeting is required for life supply measures will be part of the the king was in Shanxi East Wing mostly, while fan repeatedly, also with a lot of reward as the main means to win over the Jimi, from time to time

【學位授予單位】：南開大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2003
【分類號】：K247

【引證文獻】

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1 胡文`，

本文編號：1598106