清代戶部與內(nèi)務府財政關系探析
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-21 07:06
【摘要】：清代的國家財政與內(nèi)務府財政既互相獨立又不斷發(fā)生聯(lián)系。乾隆三十年以前,內(nèi)務府進項有限,對戶部財政有著較強的依賴性。乾隆三十年以后,綿延至嘉慶、道光二朝,內(nèi)務府入項頗豐,其盈余銀兩不斷撥交戶部。自咸豐朝始,內(nèi)務府財源竭蹶,故不得不借撥戶部銀兩,且其數(shù)額不斷擴大,遠超清初。內(nèi)務府借撥無度極大地影響了戶部財政的運行,這是導致雙方關系緊張的根由所在,也是學界批評的關鍵因素。這反映了在皇權(quán)至上的封建社會,根本不可能實現(xiàn)國家財政與皇室財政的完全獨立,國家財政作為皇室財政備用財源的命運依然未變。追根溯源,這種關系的存在不僅是維系皇權(quán)與封建制度的需要,而且也是封建國家、君臣觀念的內(nèi)在要求。
[Abstract]:The state finance and the internal government finance in Qing Dynasty are independent and constantly connected with each other. Qianlong 30 years ago, the internal government income is limited, on the household finance has a strong dependence. Qianlong 30 years later, extended to Jiaqing, Daoguang two dynasties, the internal government entry is quite abundant, its surplus silver two continue to be handed over to the household department. Since Xianfeng Dynasty, the internal government has exhausted its financial resources, so it has to borrow two banks from the household department, and its amount continues to expand, far more than in the early Qing Dynasty. The indifference of the internal affairs government has greatly affected the operation of the household finance, which is the root cause of the tension between the two sides, and it is also the key factor of academic criticism. This reflects that in the feudal society where the imperial power is supreme, it is impossible to realize the complete independence of the state finance and the royal finance, and the fate of the state finance as the reserve financial source of the royal family remains unchanged. Tracing back to the origin, the existence of this relationship is not only the need to maintain imperial power and feudal system, but also the inherent requirement of the concept of feudal state and monarch and minister.
【作者單位】： 故宮博物院;
【基金】：北京故宮博物院科研課題“清代內(nèi)務府財政收入研究”(KT2012-2)的階段性成果
【分類號】：K249
本文編號：2503888
[Abstract]:The state finance and the internal government finance in Qing Dynasty are independent and constantly connected with each other. Qianlong 30 years ago, the internal government income is limited, on the household finance has a strong dependence. Qianlong 30 years later, extended to Jiaqing, Daoguang two dynasties, the internal government entry is quite abundant, its surplus silver two continue to be handed over to the household department. Since Xianfeng Dynasty, the internal government has exhausted its financial resources, so it has to borrow two banks from the household department, and its amount continues to expand, far more than in the early Qing Dynasty. The indifference of the internal affairs government has greatly affected the operation of the household finance, which is the root cause of the tension between the two sides, and it is also the key factor of academic criticism. This reflects that in the feudal society where the imperial power is supreme, it is impossible to realize the complete independence of the state finance and the royal finance, and the fate of the state finance as the reserve financial source of the royal family remains unchanged. Tracing back to the origin, the existence of this relationship is not only the need to maintain imperial power and feudal system, but also the inherent requirement of the concept of feudal state and monarch and minister.
【作者單位】： 故宮博物院;
【基金】：北京故宮博物院科研課題“清代內(nèi)務府財政收入研究”(KT2012-2)的階段性成果
【分類號】：K249
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