復(fù)雜需求下中小生產(chǎn)企業(yè)運營作業(yè)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)能與計劃決策
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-26 11:49
【摘要】：改革開放三十多年來,我國中小生產(chǎn)企業(yè)(SMPEs-Small and medium production enterprises)抓住機遇快速發(fā)展,表現(xiàn)為數(shù)量不斷增多、規(guī)模不斷擴大、業(yè)務(wù)不斷延伸等。中小生產(chǎn)企業(yè)在國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中具有舉足輕重的地位,對我國經(jīng)濟增長和社會穩(wěn)定具有重要作用,表現(xiàn)為：促進GDP增長、完善市場經(jīng)濟體制、吸納社會就業(yè)、增加政府財政收入、促進產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整等多方面。然而,由于我國經(jīng)濟增速放緩、國內(nèi)外市場需求復(fù)雜多變,加上市場競爭激烈、勞動力成本上升,資源價格上漲、融資難等問題的困擾,我國眾多中小生產(chǎn)企業(yè)生存和發(fā)展面臨嚴峻考驗。當(dāng)前環(huán)境下,市場需求的復(fù)雜多變表現(xiàn)為需求品種的多樣化、工藝的復(fù)雜性、需求數(shù)量的趨勢性變化、周期性波動、隨機性波動以及需求時間的不確定性等多方面。在企業(yè)內(nèi)部,也存在管理水平落后、計劃職能薄弱、招工難、一線員工流失率大等問題,對于以人工要素占主導(dǎo)地位的SMPEs運營作業(yè)系統(tǒng),上述問題嚴重影響產(chǎn)能的穩(wěn)定。市場需求的動態(tài)多變以及產(chǎn)能的不穩(wěn)定將導(dǎo)致二者的不匹配,從而使企業(yè)面臨生產(chǎn)進度失衡、在制品庫存量高、延期交貨現(xiàn)象嚴重、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量合格率不穩(wěn)定、運營績效指標(biāo)差等問題。為了盡可能降低上述問題發(fā)生的頻率、控制生產(chǎn)成本、提高運營效率、提升管理水平及企業(yè)信譽,須迫切從理論和實踐層面解決中小生產(chǎn)企業(yè)運營作業(yè)系統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)能決策與承諾交貨期決策問題。針對以人工要素占主導(dǎo)地位的SMPEs運營作業(yè)系統(tǒng),本文以其在復(fù)雜需求環(huán)境下所面臨的實際問題為導(dǎo)向,將其提煉、抽象為理論問題,采用建模、仿真、優(yōu)化方法及工具,研究和探索面向中短期需求的SMPEs產(chǎn)能決策問題及面向短期需求的承諾交貨期決策問題。具體內(nèi)容如下：通過文獻查閱及調(diào)研對復(fù)雜需求形式進行分類整理及描述,包括：基于需求間隔及需求量變化程度的分類、基于隨機需求過程模型的分類、基于概率分布模型的分類、基于時間及價格等函數(shù)關(guān)系表達式的分類。針對中短期需求的趨勢性變化、周期性波動、隨機性波動等特點,為了盡可能滿足需求、實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)需平衡,以工人多技能水平、生產(chǎn)線各工序速率穩(wěn)定及生產(chǎn)負荷動態(tài)均衡為基礎(chǔ),以總生產(chǎn)成本最小化為目標(biāo)對SMPEs運營作業(yè)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)能決策研究如下：(一)不考慮各生產(chǎn)周期一線員工隨機流失率時,針對多產(chǎn)品需求的季節(jié)性波動以及單產(chǎn)品需求的隨機波動,在考慮員工薪酬及培訓(xùn)成本、庫存成本、加班及外包成本等的基礎(chǔ)上,通過非線性最優(yōu)模型構(gòu)建、討論分析及求解,對作業(yè)系統(tǒng)計劃期初員工數(shù)量決策進行研究,并對員工薪酬及培訓(xùn)成本系數(shù)、庫存、加班及外包成本系數(shù)、單件產(chǎn)品總工時、需求數(shù)量均值及標(biāo)準差等進行敏感性分析,得出有關(guān)結(jié)論；(二)考慮各生產(chǎn)周期一線員工隨機流失率時,基于多品種需求的趨勢性變化、周期性波動,在考慮員工薪酬、培訓(xùn)成本及產(chǎn)能失配成本的基礎(chǔ)上,通過最優(yōu)一重積分函數(shù)模型構(gòu)建、分析及求解,對計劃期初員工數(shù)量決策進行研究；對于單品種多階段需求的隨機性變化,在考慮相關(guān)成本的基礎(chǔ)上,通過二重積分函數(shù)模型構(gòu)建、討論及分析,對計劃期初員工數(shù)量決策進行研究。對工人流失率均值與標(biāo)準差、需求數(shù)量均值與標(biāo)準差、各類成本系數(shù)及時間系數(shù)等進行敏感性分析的基礎(chǔ)上得出有關(guān)結(jié)論。(三)考慮存在正式工流失時提出正式工或臨時工正常上班或加班構(gòu)建的四級產(chǎn)能,通過總需求工時與各級產(chǎn)能的比較提出各類計劃方案,使總生產(chǎn)成本最低。在算例分析及各類參數(shù)(包括各類成本系數(shù)及時間系數(shù)、臨時工生產(chǎn)速率、臨時工質(zhì)量不合格率等參數(shù))敏感性分析的基礎(chǔ)上得出有關(guān)結(jié)論。針對中短期需求的時間敏感性及需求隨機性,以計劃期初一線員工數(shù)量的確定作為產(chǎn)能約束(以工人在承諾交貨期內(nèi)的正常上班時間之和為產(chǎn)能下限,以工人在承諾交貨期內(nèi)的正常上班時間及加班時間之和為產(chǎn)能下限),建立客戶需求與價格及承諾交貨期在一定區(qū)間范圍內(nèi)具有線性替代關(guān)系時基于確定完工期的SMPEs運營作業(yè)系統(tǒng)業(yè)承諾交貨期決策模型,在產(chǎn)品價格及承諾交貨期不同區(qū)間函數(shù)表達式的基礎(chǔ)上進行分類討論、分析求解及算例分析,針對一線員工人數(shù)、單位產(chǎn)品加工時間、單位產(chǎn)品采購及管理成本、正常工作時間及加班成本系數(shù)、交貨期及價格系數(shù)、初始需求量等參數(shù)進行敏感性分析。此基礎(chǔ)上提出承諾交貨期與成本優(yōu)化策略。本課題的研究得到國家自然科學(xué)基金(名稱：適應(yīng)復(fù)雜需求的SMPEs運營作業(yè)系統(tǒng)組織與優(yōu)化研究,編號：71271060)的資助。
[Abstract]:Over the past thirty years of reform and opening up, the small and medium production enterprises (SMPEs-Small and medium production enterprises) in our country seize the opportunity to develop rapidly, showing the increasing number, the expansion of the scale, and the continuous extension of the business. The small and medium production enterprises have an important position in the development of the national economy, and the economic growth and social stability of our country. It plays an important role in promoting GDP growth, perfecting the market economy system, absorbing social employment, increasing government revenue and promoting industrial structure adjustment. However, because of the slowdown in economic growth, the market demand at home and abroad is complex and changeable, the cost of labor is rising, the price of resources is rising, the price of resources is rising, and the price of resources is rising, and the price of resources is rising. The existence and development of many small and medium production enterprises in China are facing a severe test. Under the current environment, the complex and changeable market demand is the diversification of the demand variety, the complexity of the process, the trend of the demand quantity, the periodic fluctuation, the randomness wave and the uncertainty of the demand time. Inside, there are also problems of backward management level, weak planning function, difficult job recruitment and large turnover rate of front-line staff. For the SMPEs operating system dominated by artificial elements, the above problems seriously affect the stability of production capacity. The dynamic change of market demand and the instability of production capacity will lead to the mismatch of the two parties, thus making the enterprise face In order to reduce the frequency of the above problems, control the cost of production, improve the efficiency of production, improve the operation efficiency, improve the management level and the reputation of the enterprise, it is necessary to solve the problem from the theoretical and practical level, in order to reduce the frequency of the above problems, control the production cost, improve the operation efficiency, and improve the management level and the reputation of the enterprise. The production enterprise operation operation system's capacity decision and the commitment delivery time decision problem. Aiming at the SMPEs operating system dominated by the artificial elements, this paper takes its refining and abstract as the theoretical problem based on the practical problems faced by the complex demand environment, and studies and probes into the modeling, simulation, optimization methods and tools. The problem of SMPEs productivity decision making and short term demand oriented decision making for short and short term demand. The specific contents are as follows: the classification and description of complex demand form through literature review and research, including: Classification Based on demand interval and demand change degree, classification based on stochastic demand process model Classification based on probability distribution model, based on the classification of function relation expressions such as time and price. In view of the trend change, periodic fluctuation and random fluctuation of medium and short term demand, the balance of production and demand is realized in order to meet the demand as much as possible, with the workers' Multi skill leveling, the stability of each process of production line and the dynamic load of production line. The research on the capacity decision of the SMPEs operation system is based on the objective of minimizing the total production cost as follows: (I) considering the random turnover rate of the staff in the production cycle, the seasonal fluctuation of multi product demand and the random fluctuation of the single product demand, considering the employee's salary and training cost, the cost of inventory, overtime and On the basis of outsourcing cost and so on, through the construction of nonlinear optimal model, the analysis and solution are discussed, and the decision of the number of employees at the beginning of the planning period is studied, and the sensitivity analysis is made for the employee's salary and training cost coefficient, the inventory, the overtime and outsourcing cost coefficient, the total working hours of the single product, the mean of demand and the standard deviation. And (two) considering the random turnover rate of employees in each production cycle, based on the trend change of multi variety demand and periodic fluctuation, on the basis of considering employee salary, training cost and mismatch cost, the optimal integral function model is constructed, analyzed and solved, and the number of initial staff is made in the planning period. On the basis of the related cost, the study of the stochastic change of the single variety and multi stage demand is constructed, discussed and analyzed by the dual integral function model. The average and standard deviation of the workers' loss rate, the average value of the demand and the standard deviation, the cost coefficient and the time coefficient are introduced. On the basis of line sensitivity analysis, the relevant conclusions are obtained. (three) considering the existence of formal work or temporary workers to work normally or temporary workers to work normally or work overtime, four levels of production capacity are proposed, and the total production cost is the lowest through the comparison of the total demand time and the production capacity at all levels. Based on the sensitivity analysis of coefficient and time coefficient, temporary production rate, temporary quality unqualified rate and other parameters, the time sensitivity and randomness of demand in the middle and short term are taken as capacity constraints (with the workers in the normal time of delivery in the promised delivery period). The SMPEs operation system commitment period decision model based on the determined completion period is set up at the product price. On the basis of the different interval function expressions of the pledged and promised delivery period, the classification and discussion are carried out, and the analysis is made for the number of employees, the processing time of the unit product, the cost of the unit product purchase and management, the normal working time and the overtime cost coefficient, the delivery time and the price coefficient, the initial demand and so on. On the basis of this, the commitment delivery time and cost optimization strategy are proposed. The research of this topic is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation (Name: SMPEs operation system organization and Optimization Research for complex needs, number: 71271060).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F272.3;F276.3
，
本文編號：2145915
[Abstract]:Over the past thirty years of reform and opening up, the small and medium production enterprises (SMPEs-Small and medium production enterprises) in our country seize the opportunity to develop rapidly, showing the increasing number, the expansion of the scale, and the continuous extension of the business. The small and medium production enterprises have an important position in the development of the national economy, and the economic growth and social stability of our country. It plays an important role in promoting GDP growth, perfecting the market economy system, absorbing social employment, increasing government revenue and promoting industrial structure adjustment. However, because of the slowdown in economic growth, the market demand at home and abroad is complex and changeable, the cost of labor is rising, the price of resources is rising, the price of resources is rising, and the price of resources is rising, and the price of resources is rising. The existence and development of many small and medium production enterprises in China are facing a severe test. Under the current environment, the complex and changeable market demand is the diversification of the demand variety, the complexity of the process, the trend of the demand quantity, the periodic fluctuation, the randomness wave and the uncertainty of the demand time. Inside, there are also problems of backward management level, weak planning function, difficult job recruitment and large turnover rate of front-line staff. For the SMPEs operating system dominated by artificial elements, the above problems seriously affect the stability of production capacity. The dynamic change of market demand and the instability of production capacity will lead to the mismatch of the two parties, thus making the enterprise face In order to reduce the frequency of the above problems, control the cost of production, improve the efficiency of production, improve the operation efficiency, improve the management level and the reputation of the enterprise, it is necessary to solve the problem from the theoretical and practical level, in order to reduce the frequency of the above problems, control the production cost, improve the operation efficiency, and improve the management level and the reputation of the enterprise. The production enterprise operation operation system's capacity decision and the commitment delivery time decision problem. Aiming at the SMPEs operating system dominated by the artificial elements, this paper takes its refining and abstract as the theoretical problem based on the practical problems faced by the complex demand environment, and studies and probes into the modeling, simulation, optimization methods and tools. The problem of SMPEs productivity decision making and short term demand oriented decision making for short and short term demand. The specific contents are as follows: the classification and description of complex demand form through literature review and research, including: Classification Based on demand interval and demand change degree, classification based on stochastic demand process model Classification based on probability distribution model, based on the classification of function relation expressions such as time and price. In view of the trend change, periodic fluctuation and random fluctuation of medium and short term demand, the balance of production and demand is realized in order to meet the demand as much as possible, with the workers' Multi skill leveling, the stability of each process of production line and the dynamic load of production line. The research on the capacity decision of the SMPEs operation system is based on the objective of minimizing the total production cost as follows: (I) considering the random turnover rate of the staff in the production cycle, the seasonal fluctuation of multi product demand and the random fluctuation of the single product demand, considering the employee's salary and training cost, the cost of inventory, overtime and On the basis of outsourcing cost and so on, through the construction of nonlinear optimal model, the analysis and solution are discussed, and the decision of the number of employees at the beginning of the planning period is studied, and the sensitivity analysis is made for the employee's salary and training cost coefficient, the inventory, the overtime and outsourcing cost coefficient, the total working hours of the single product, the mean of demand and the standard deviation. And (two) considering the random turnover rate of employees in each production cycle, based on the trend change of multi variety demand and periodic fluctuation, on the basis of considering employee salary, training cost and mismatch cost, the optimal integral function model is constructed, analyzed and solved, and the number of initial staff is made in the planning period. On the basis of the related cost, the study of the stochastic change of the single variety and multi stage demand is constructed, discussed and analyzed by the dual integral function model. The average and standard deviation of the workers' loss rate, the average value of the demand and the standard deviation, the cost coefficient and the time coefficient are introduced. On the basis of line sensitivity analysis, the relevant conclusions are obtained. (three) considering the existence of formal work or temporary workers to work normally or temporary workers to work normally or work overtime, four levels of production capacity are proposed, and the total production cost is the lowest through the comparison of the total demand time and the production capacity at all levels. Based on the sensitivity analysis of coefficient and time coefficient, temporary production rate, temporary quality unqualified rate and other parameters, the time sensitivity and randomness of demand in the middle and short term are taken as capacity constraints (with the workers in the normal time of delivery in the promised delivery period). The SMPEs operation system commitment period decision model based on the determined completion period is set up at the product price. On the basis of the different interval function expressions of the pledged and promised delivery period, the classification and discussion are carried out, and the analysis is made for the number of employees, the processing time of the unit product, the cost of the unit product purchase and management, the normal working time and the overtime cost coefficient, the delivery time and the price coefficient, the initial demand and so on. On the basis of this, the commitment delivery time and cost optimization strategy are proposed. The research of this topic is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation (Name: SMPEs operation system organization and Optimization Research for complex needs, number: 71271060).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F272.3;F276.3
，
本文編號：2145915
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