發(fā)布時間：2018-04-30 05:23

  本文選題：紫花苜蓿 + 虧缺灌溉　； 參考：《中國農業(yè)科學院》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著可利用的農業(yè)水資源逐漸變的稀缺,迫切需要采用有效的灌溉管理措施來應對。虧缺灌溉就是其中一項有效的節(jié)水措施。本項研究對紫花苜蓿的形態(tài)特征,生理生化指標和產量對水分虧缺的響應規(guī)律進行了研究。實驗于2014年9月至2015年5月在中國農業(yè)科學院的溫室中開展,對敖漢,中苜一號和三得利3個紫花苜蓿品種,在四個虧缺灌溉梯度下(分別為田間持水力的100%(w1)(對照),85%(w2),70%(w3)和55%(w4))的形態(tài)特征,生理、生化指標和產草量進行了研究,主要結果總結如下:(1)紫花苜蓿形態(tài)特征和產草量隨著虧缺灌溉程度增加而降低。和對照相比,W4處理的株高,分枝數、莖直徑和地上部部分干重分別降低了45.95%,25.41%,34.38%和67.92%。此外,不同品種的株高、莖直徑、開花期和地上部分重量對虧缺灌溉的響應存在差異。相對于其它兩個品種,中苜一號株高最高為48.16cm,直徑最寬為2.29 mm,開花期最早為第198 d,單株重量最高為20.41g/plant。(2)虧缺灌溉處理影響著生長季不同階段的紫花苜蓿根系中ABA的含量。除了移栽后的第90天和105天,從移栽到收獲階段,所有處理根系中的ABA持續(xù)增加。增加虧缺灌溉程度顯著增加根系中ABA的含量。移栽后的第105天,W1處理的ABA含量最低,為44 ng/g.FW,然后依次是W2的56.6ng/g.FW,W3的64.6ng/g.FW和W4的94.4ng/g.FW。此外,不同品種中ABA含量對水分脅迫的響應不同,移栽后105天,中苜一號、三得利和敖漢3個品種的最大的ABA含量分別為49.9ng/g.FW,61.7ng/g.FW和83.2ng/g.FW。相對于對照,水分脅迫最高的W4處理,根系長度減少20.92%,側根減少20.71%,根系鮮重減少43.79%,根系干重減少37.96%。此外,相對于對照,水分脅迫處理根莖比增加1.9倍,表明苜蓿根系比地上部分對水分脅迫更敏感。(3)虧缺灌溉處理影響著生長季不同階段的紫花苜蓿體內的ABA、MDA、SOD和糖的含量。除了移栽后的第90天和105天,從移栽到收獲階段,所有處理葉片中的ABA持續(xù)增加。增加虧缺灌溉程度顯著增加葉片中ABA的含量。移栽后的第105天,W1處理的ABA含量最低,為133.2 ng/g.FW,然后依次是W2的138.1ng/g.FW,W3的141.7ng/g.FW和W4的145.ng/g.FW。此外,不同品種中ABA含量對水分脅迫的響應不同,移栽后105天,中苜一號、三得利和敖漢3個品種的最小ABA含量分別為135.3ng/g.FW,138.8ng/g.FW和145.1 ng/g.FW。不同生長階段,MDA和SOD的活性受到虧缺灌溉處理的影響。增加虧缺灌溉程度顯著增加MDA和SOD酶活性。MDA酶活性高的時期是在移栽后的105和120天,SOD活性最高的時期在移栽后105天。此外,增加虧缺灌溉程度也會增加可溶性糖含量,在移栽后105天可溶性糖含量最低。不同品種中MDA、SOD和可溶性糖含量對水分脅迫的響應不同,中苜一號的各項指標數值最低,而敖漢的數值最高。由此可見,虧缺灌溉會造成紫花苜蓿形態(tài)特征和草產量變小和降低。苜蓿根系比地上部分對水分脅迫更敏感。移栽后105天,苜蓿體內ABA含量最低;移栽后105天和120天,MDA酶的活性最高;移栽后105天,SOD酶的活性最高。因此,移栽后105天和120天做為苜蓿灌溉的關鍵時期。敖漢苜蓿根系中ABA含量和葉片中的ABA、SOD,MDA和可溶性糖含量均是最高,且開花期較晚,表明其抗旱性能顯著高于中苜一號和三得利苜蓿。
[Abstract]:As the available agricultural water resources are becoming scarce, effective irrigation management measures are urgently needed. Deficit irrigation is one of the effective water-saving measures. In this study, the morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical indexes and the response of the yield to the water deficit were studied in this study. The experiment was conducted from September 2014 to 2. In the greenhouse of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in May 015, the morphological characteristics, physiological, biochemical indexes and grass yield of Aohan, middle alfalfa and 3 alfalfa varieties were studied under four deficit irrigation gradients (100% (W1), 85% (W2), 70% (W3) and 55% (W4)). (1) the morphological characteristics and yield of Alfalfa decreased with the increase of deficit irrigation. Compared with the control, the height of plant, the number of branches, the diameter of the stem and the dry weight of the part of the upper part of the ground decreased by 45.95%, 25.41%, 34.38% and 67.92%., respectively. The plant height, the straight diameter of the stem, the flowering period and the weight of the aboveground partial weight on the deficit irrigation were stored in W4. In contrast to the other two varieties, the highest height of the one plant is 48.16cm, the width of the diameter is 2.29 mm, the earliest flowering time is 198th D, the maximum of the single plant weight is 20.41g/plant. (2), which affects the content of ABA in the root of Alfalfa at different stages of the growing season. Except for the ninetieth and 105 days after transplanting, from transplanting to harvest. At the stage, the ABA in all root systems increased continuously. Increasing the deficit irrigation degree significantly increased the content of ABA in the root system. After 105th days of transplanting, the ABA content in W1 treatment was the lowest, 44 ng/g.FW, followed by W2 56.6ng/g.FW, W3 64.6ng/g.FW and W4 94.4ng/g.FW., and the response of the ABA content to water stress in the different varieties was different, 105 days after transplanting, the maximum ABA content of 3 varieties of middle alalone, Suntory and Aohan were 49.9ng/g.FW, 61.7ng/g.FW and 83.2ng/g.FW. relative to the control. The root length decreased by 20.92%, the root length decreased by 20.71%, the root fresh weight decreased by 43.79%, the root dry weight decreased by 43.79%, and the root dry weight decreased by 37.96%.. The root and stem ratio increased by 1.9 times, indicating that the root of alfalfa was more sensitive to water stress than the upper part of the ground. (3) the deficit irrigation treatment affected the content of ABA, MDA, SOD and sugar in Alfalfa at different stages of the growing season. In addition to the ninetieth and 105 days after transplanting, the ABA in all treatments increased continuously. The degree of deficit irrigation significantly increased the content of ABA in leaves. The ABA content of W1 treated at 105th days after transplanting was 133.2 ng/g.FW, followed by W2 138.1ng/g.FW, 141.7ng/g.FW and W4 145.ng/g.FW. of W3, and the response of ABA content to water stress in different varieties was different, 105 days after transplanting, middle alalli and Aohan 3 in 105 days after transplanting. The minimum ABA content of the varieties was 135.3ng/g.FW, 138.8ng/g.FW and 145.1 ng/g.FW. at different growth stages. The activity of MDA and SOD was affected by the deficit irrigation treatment. The period of increasing the deficit irrigation degree significantly increased the activity of MDA and SOD enzyme activity.MDA enzyme activity higher than that after the 105 and 120 days after transplanting, and the SOD activity was the highest at 105 after transplanting. In addition, increasing the deficit irrigation degree also increased the soluble sugar content, and the soluble sugar content was the lowest in 105 days after transplanting. The response of MDA, SOD and soluble sugar content to water stress in different varieties was different, and the index values of middle alfalfa 1 were the lowest, but the number of Aohan was the highest. Thus, the deficit irrigation would cause alfalfa shape. The state characteristics and grass yield became smaller and lower. The root of alfalfa was more sensitive to water stress than the upper part of the ground. The ABA content of alfalfa was the lowest in 105 days after transplanting. The activity of MDA enzyme was the highest at 105 and 120 days after transplanting. The activity of SOD enzyme was the highest at 105 days after transplanting. Therefore, the key period of Alfalfa irrigation was 105 days and 120 days after transplanting. The content of ABA and the content of ABA, SOD, MDA and soluble sugar in the leaves were all the highest, and the flowering period was late, indicating that the drought resistance was significantly higher than that of the middle alfalfa and the middle alfalfa.

【學位授予單位】：中國農業(yè)科學院
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S541.9

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相關期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號：1823261