發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-30 15:02

  本文選題：棉花 + 長勢��； 參考：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：掌握并發(fā)展能夠快速、準(zhǔn)確地監(jiān)測作物長勢技術(shù),是及時(shí)采取合理的田間管理措施構(gòu)建合理的群體結(jié)構(gòu)及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的長勢,最終獲得高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)高效的重要前提。作物冠層的光合有效輻射(Photosynthetically active radiation,PAR)與產(chǎn)量形成高度相關(guān),同時(shí)PAR在作物冠層的空間分布情況直接影響了作物長勢在不同時(shí)期的動態(tài)變化征。開展基于光空間分布的長勢監(jiān)測技術(shù)研究,對實(shí)現(xiàn)快速監(jiān)測棉花長勢,提升棉花生產(chǎn)輕簡化栽培和機(jī)械化管理具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值。因此,本研究于2014-2015年在中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院棉花研究所東場試驗(yàn)基地(36°06'N and 114°21'E)以轉(zhuǎn)Bt基因常規(guī)抗蟲棉魯棉研28(SCRC28)為材料,設(shè)6個(gè)密度處理(15000、33000、51000、69000、87000、105000 plants/hm2)3個(gè)重復(fù),以空間統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法為基礎(chǔ)通過網(wǎng)格法取樣和空間插值方法,分析了棉花冠層PAR截獲率(Interception rate of PAR,Ir)的空間分布,及其與棉花生長發(fā)育的相關(guān)性,最終又探索了利用數(shù)字圖像快速獲取冠層Ir的方法。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)不同密度棉花冠層Ir在成鈴初期、成鈴中期和吐絮期的半變異函數(shù)表明,Ir具有良好的空間結(jié)構(gòu)性和空間自相關(guān)性,隨著生育進(jìn)程的持續(xù)同一密度處理棉花冠層Ir的自相關(guān)范圍幾乎都增大。進(jìn)一步分析三個(gè)生育期不同密度棉花冠層Ir在不同點(diǎn)、面、區(qū)域的分布結(jié)果表明,垂直方向上Ir隨著高度的增加而呈下降趨勢;水平方向上,在生育前期和后期越靠近行間Ir越小,越靠近棉株Ir越大。而在生育中期棉花冠層中下部的Ir在水平方向上的變化較小,特別是在高密度群體冠層內(nèi)。(2)棉花冠層Ir與葉面積(Leaf area index,LAI)呈指數(shù)關(guān)系,在生育前期隨著LAI的快速增加冠層Ir也快速增加,而當(dāng)LAI增加到一定范圍后冠層Ir緩慢增加最終維持在一定水平;現(xiàn)蕾至開花前,密度越小果枝發(fā)生速度越快,隨著累計(jì)Ir增加速度的加快果枝的發(fā)生速度先增加后下降;開花后,整個(gè)生育期內(nèi)光截獲達(dá)到峰值前累計(jì)光截獲所占的比例越大第一朵白花上果枝數(shù)(Nodes above first position white flowers,NAWF)為5時(shí)所需天數(shù)越短而霜前花率越多;冠層Ir越多群體干物重越重,然籽棉產(chǎn)量卻未必高,這可能與生殖器官的脫落和棉鈴的空間分布有關(guān)。(3)進(jìn)一步分析不同密度棉花冠層內(nèi)生殖器官在成鈴初期、成鈴中期和吐絮期的空間分布及其與冠層內(nèi)Ir空間分布的相關(guān)性表明:隨著種植密度的增加單株上生殖器官的數(shù)量減少,大量的生殖器官在成熟前發(fā)生了脫落,從下部果枝到上部果枝脫落發(fā)生的位置越來越靠近主莖,且種植密度越大同一等位果枝上脫落的位置離主莖越近;垂直方向上的冠層中部、下部的累計(jì)Ir和水平方向上冠層外圍的累計(jì)Ir均與成鈴概率呈極顯著的負(fù)相關(guān);垂直方向上冠層中部和水平方向上冠層內(nèi)圍的累計(jì)Ir與脫落概率的關(guān)系最為密切,都呈開口向上的二次拋物曲線�？梢娮魑锕趯覫r與棉花的長勢密切相關(guān)。(4)兩年間六個(gè)密度處理棉花冠層數(shù)字圖像的紅色(Red,R),綠色(Green,G),藍(lán)色(Bule,B),光強(qiáng)度(Intensity,I和V),Y通道(Y channel,Y),I2通道(I2 channel,I2)和Q通道(Q channel,Q)顏色特征值在整個(gè)生育期都呈開口向上的二次拋物線,色調(diào)值(Hue,H和H2)則呈開口向下的二次曲線,飽和度(Saturation,S和S2)兩年間整個(gè)生育期的變化趨勢則居于兩種曲線之間。兩年間只有H和H2值的變化趨勢與冠層Ir的變化趨勢一致且各密度處理的模擬方程的R2均達(dá)到了0.8以上,可知除H和H2值外其他顏色特征受外界環(huán)境的影響較大。冠層Ir與各模型顏色特征的相關(guān)性結(jié)果表明H和H2值與冠層Ir高度線性相關(guān),因此H和H2值可以用來量化棉花冠層的冠層Ir,且該結(jié)論也得到了驗(yàn)證。綜上所述,冠層內(nèi)Ir與棉花長勢息息相關(guān),可以用來監(jiān)測棉花長勢,而數(shù)字圖像中的色調(diào)值可以快速獲取冠層光截獲,這將為實(shí)現(xiàn)方便、快速、準(zhǔn)確監(jiān)測作物長勢提供了可靠的理論基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:To master and develop fast and accurate monitoring of crop growth technology is an important prerequisite for building a reasonable group structure and standardization in time, and finally obtaining high yield, high quality and high efficiency. The Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is highly related to the yield of crop canopy. At the same time, the spatial distribution of PAR in crop canopy has a direct impact on the dynamic change of crop growth in different periods. It is of great practical significance and academic value to carry out the research on the monitoring technology based on the spatial distribution of optical space. It is of great practical significance and academic value to realize the rapid monitoring of cotton growth, improve the cotton production and simplify the cultivation and mechanized management of cotton production. In this study, 2014-2015 years at the east field test base of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cotton Research Institute (36 06'N and 114 degree 21'E), the Bt gene conventional insect resistant cotton and cotton lougan 28 (SCRC28) was used as the material, and 6 density treatment (1500033000510006900087000105000 plants/hm2) was set up by 3 repetitions, and the grid method was taken as the basis of the spatial statistics method. The spatial distribution of PAR Intercepting Rate (Interception rate of PAR, Ir) in cotton canopy and its correlation with cotton growth and development were analyzed with spatial interpolation method. Finally, the method of fast obtaining canopy Ir by digital image was explored. The main results were as follows: (1) the cotton canopy Ir at the same density was in the early bell stage, the middle bell and the opening of the cotton. The semi variation function of the period showed that Ir had good spatial structure and spatial autocorrelation. With the continuous same density of the growth process, the autocorrelation of cotton canopy Ir increased almost all. Further analysis of the distribution of different density cotton canopy Ir at different points, surface and region showed that the vertical direction of Ir along the vertical direction of the three growth stages. In the horizontal direction, the smaller the Ir, the closer to the cotton plant Ir, the smaller the Ir in the middle and lower part of the cotton canopy, especially in the high density canopy. (2) the cotton corolla layer Ir and the leaf area (Leaf area index, LAI) are exponentially closed. In the early stage of birth, with the rapid increase of LAI, the canopy Ir also increased rapidly. When LAI increased to a certain extent, the canopy Ir slowly increased and finally maintained at a certain level. Before bud to flowering, the smaller the density, the faster the fruit branch was, the faster the growth rate of the fruit branch increased and then descended as the cumulative Ir increased. The greater the proportion of light interception in the period of harvest, the greater the proportion of light interception before the peak, the more the number of Nodes above first position white flowers, NAWF is 5, the more days the required days and the more flower rate before the frost; the more canopy Ir, the heavier the dry matter, but the yield of the seed cotton is not necessarily high, which may be associated with the abscission of the reproductive organs and the cotton bolls. Spatial distribution is related. (3) further analysis of the spatial distribution of the reproductive organs in the canopy of cotton with different density, the spatial distribution of the middle bell at the middle of the bell, and the correlation with the spatial distribution of Ir in the canopy show that the number of reproductive organs on the single plant decreases with the increase of planting density, and a large number of reproductive organs fall off before maturity. The location of the lower branches of the lower fruit branches to the upper branches is getting closer and closer to the main stem, and the greater the planting density is, the closer the location of the same allelic branch is to the main stem; the accumulative Ir in the central part of the vertical direction, the cumulative Ir and the horizontal direction on the periphery of the canopy, is negatively correlated with the probability of the bell, and the vertical direction is in the canopy. The cumulative Ir of the canopy inner circumference in the Department and the horizontal direction is most closely related to the falling probability, and the two parabolic curves of the opening upward are shown. The crop canopy Ir is closely related to the cotton growth. (4) six density treatments for cotton canopy digital images are red (Red, R), green (Green, G), blue (Bule, B), and light intensity (Intensity, I and V) for two years. ), the Y channel (Y channel, Y), the I2 channel (I2 channel, I2) and the Q channel (Q channel, Q) show the two parabola of the opening upwards during the whole growth period. The tone value is the two curve of the opening downward. The variation trend of the whole growth period in two years is between the two curves. Only the variation trend of H and H2 values was consistent with the variation trend of the canopy Ir and the R2 of the simulated equations of each density treatment reached more than 0.8. It was known that the other color characteristics except the H and H2 values were greatly influenced by the external environment. The correlation between the canopy Ir and the color characteristics of the models showed that H and H2 values were linearly related to the height of the canopy Ir, so H and H2 were found. The value can be used to quantify the canopy Ir of the cotton canopy, and the conclusion is also verified. To sum up, the Ir in the canopy is closely related to the cotton growth, and can be used to monitor the cotton growth, while the tone value in the digital image can quickly capture the canopy light interception. This will provide a reliable reason for the convenience, rapid and accurate monitoring of the crop growth. On the basis.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S562

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