發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-30 21:18

  本文選題：茶皂素 + 瘤胃菌群結(jié)構(gòu)�。� 參考：《四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：瘤胃是反芻動(dòng)物的重要消化器官,也是甲烷生成的重要場(chǎng)所,瘤胃內(nèi)微生物的菌群結(jié)構(gòu)變化會(huì)影響瘤胃內(nèi)環(huán)境的穩(wěn)定、飼料利用效率和甲烷排放,由于瘤胃纖毛原蟲、細(xì)菌和甲烷菌間存在緊密的種間氫轉(zhuǎn)移、共生和相互制約的關(guān)系,因此纖毛原蟲的菌群結(jié)構(gòu)變化可能進(jìn)一步影響瘤胃細(xì)菌和甲烷菌的菌群結(jié)構(gòu)變化。近年來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)茶皂素(TSS)因其特殊的生物學(xué)活性被作為一種瘤胃發(fā)酵調(diào)控劑,本研究以TSS為試驗(yàn)材料,利用qPCR和高通量測(cè)序技術(shù),從微生物分類學(xué)上研究TSS對(duì)肉牛瘤胃纖毛原蟲、細(xì)菌和甲烷菌的豐度和區(qū)系組成的影響,探明纖毛原蟲、細(xì)菌和甲烷菌的菌群結(jié)構(gòu)組成與肉牛瘤胃發(fā)酵和甲烷生成間的關(guān)系,以及TSS調(diào)控肉牛瘤胃發(fā)酵和甲烷生成的微生物學(xué)機(jī)制。試驗(yàn)一茶皂素對(duì)肉牛瘤胃纖毛原蟲區(qū)系組成和甲烷生成的調(diào)控作用本試驗(yàn)選用6頭安有瘤胃瘺管的貝爾蒙特紅雜牛(體重為363±8.5 kg)作為研究對(duì)象,考察添加茶皂素前、添加期間和停止添加茶皂素后這三個(gè)階段肉牛瘤胃中纖毛原蟲區(qū)系組成和甲烷產(chǎn)量的變化。首先經(jīng)過(guò)56d的馴飼期讓肉牛從放牧飼喂到適應(yīng)舍內(nèi)飼喂高精料基礎(chǔ)日糧(精粗比為77：23,DM基礎(chǔ))后進(jìn)行正式試驗(yàn),前2周繼續(xù)飼喂基礎(chǔ)日糧作為添加TSS前的對(duì)照階段(BD),然后在晨飼基礎(chǔ)日糧中添加TSS(30 g/d)飼喂20d(TSS添加階段,TSS),最后2周飼喂不添加TSS的基礎(chǔ)日糧(停止添加TSS后的對(duì)照,BDP)。分別在三個(gè)階段的最后2d檢測(cè)肉牛甲烷排放量并采集瘤胃液,利用qPCR和Illumina Miseq高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)分析纖毛原蟲的豐度和區(qū)系組成變化。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：1)內(nèi)毛屬、后毛屬、真雙毛屬、多甲屬和等毛蟲屬原蟲是三個(gè)階段肉牛瘤胃中的優(yōu)勢(shì)原蟲屬,添加TSS降低了利用淀粉的內(nèi)毛屬原蟲的相對(duì)豐度(P0.05),增加了利用纖維物質(zhì)的多甲屬和真雙毛屬原蟲的相對(duì)豐度(P0.05);2)在31個(gè)核心原蟲OTUs中,添加TSS降低了內(nèi)毛屬和等毛蟲屬OTUs的比例,增加了多甲屬和真雙毛屬OTUs的比例,但停止添加TSS后,內(nèi)毛蟲屬OTUs的比例增加；3)添加TSS增加了纖毛原蟲的總體豐度(P0.05),但BDP階段又降低恢復(fù)到BD階段85%的水平；4)BDP階段肉牛瘤胃中利用可溶性糖類的等毛蟲屬原蟲的豐度低于BD和TSS階段(P0.05),而降解利用淀粉的后毛屬原蟲和降解纖維的多甲屬原蟲的豐度高于BD階段(P0.05)；5)添加TSS對(duì)肉牛的甲烷排放量無(wú)顯著影響(P0.05),但BDP階段的甲烷排放量顯著低于BD和TSS階段(P0.05)；6)等毛蟲屬原蟲的豐度與肉牛甲烷排放量呈顯著正相關(guān)(P0.05),后毛屬原蟲的豐度與肉牛甲烷排放量呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)(P0.05)。以上結(jié)果表明,在肉牛的高精料日糧中添加30 g/d TSS后,TSS通過(guò)抑制利用淀粉的內(nèi)毛屬原蟲的增殖和促進(jìn)利用纖維物質(zhì)的多甲屬和真雙毛屬原蟲的增殖來(lái)改變瘤胃纖毛原蟲的區(qū)系組成；另外,可通過(guò)降低與肉牛甲烷排放量呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)的等毛蟲屬的豐度或增加與肉牛甲烷排放量呈顯著正相關(guān)的后毛屬原蟲的豐度來(lái)降低反芻動(dòng)物瘤胃的甲烷排放量。試驗(yàn)二茶皂素對(duì)瘤胃細(xì)菌菌群組成和瘤胃發(fā)酵模式的調(diào)控作用瘤胃纖毛原蟲與瘤胃細(xì)菌間存在捕食與被捕食、共生或寄生,以及競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和協(xié)同關(guān)系,在了解茶皂素改變了瘤胃纖毛原蟲區(qū)系組成的基礎(chǔ)上,利用qPCR和Illumina Miseq高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)進(jìn)一步探討TSS對(duì)瘤胃細(xì)菌的豐度和菌群組成,以及瘤胃發(fā)酵的調(diào)控作用。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：1)厚壁菌門(46.1%)和擬桿菌門(44.4%)是三個(gè)階段肉牛瘤胃中的優(yōu)勢(shì)細(xì)菌菌門,普雷沃氏菌科(32.1%)、氨基酸球菌科(19.9%)和瘤胃菌科(11.3%)為優(yōu)勢(shì)菌科,普雷沃氏菌屬(24.3%)和琥珀酸菌屬(18.7%)為優(yōu)勢(shì)菌屬；2)添加TSS降低了厚壁菌門的豐度,增加了變形菌門和纖維桿菌門的豐度(P0.05),在屬水平上,降低了丙酸生成菌(琥珀酸菌屬)的豐度,增加了纖維降解菌(瘤胃球菌屬和丁酸弧菌屬)的豐度(P0.05)；3)添加TSS降低厚壁菌門、氨基酸球菌科和琥珀酸菌屬OTUs的比例,而增加了擬桿菌門、變形菌門和瘤胃球菌科OTUs的比例；4)添加TSS降低了黃色瘤胃球菌的豐度(P0.05),增加了白色瘤胃球菌和產(chǎn)琥珀酸絲狀桿菌的豐度(P0.05)；5)添加TSS降低了丙酸的摩爾濃度,增加了異丁酸的摩爾濃度(P0.05),也提高了乙酸：丙酸的比例(P0.05),使瘤胃發(fā)酵模式由丙酸型轉(zhuǎn)為乙酸型。以上結(jié)果表明,TSS通過(guò)對(duì)瘤胃細(xì)菌在門、屬和種水平上的差異性調(diào)控來(lái)改變其區(qū)系組成,即抑制丙酸生成菌(琥珀酸菌屬)和黃色瘤胃球菌的增殖,促進(jìn)了纖維降解菌中白色瘤胃球菌、產(chǎn)琥珀酸絲狀桿菌和丁酸弧菌屬的增殖,使瘤胃發(fā)酵模式由丙酸型轉(zhuǎn)為乙酸型。試驗(yàn)三茶皂素對(duì)肉牛瘤胃甲烷茵豐度和菌群組成的調(diào)控作用瘤胃纖毛原蟲和細(xì)菌能夠?yàn)榧淄榫�生成甲烷提供所需的底�?代謝氫和一碳化合物),纖毛原蟲還為一些甲烷菌提供生長(zhǎng)繁殖生境。因此在了解TSS改變了瘤胃纖毛原蟲和細(xì)菌區(qū)系組成的基礎(chǔ)上,利用qPCR和Illumina Miseq高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)進(jìn)一步探討TSS對(duì)甲烷菌豐度和菌群組成的調(diào)控作用。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：1)甲烷短桿菌屬是肉牛瘤胃中的絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)甲烷菌屬(95%),另外系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化樹分析發(fā)現(xiàn)：在15個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)甲烷菌OTUs中,有86%以上(占13個(gè)OTUs)位于SGMT簇內(nèi),即SGMT簇甲烷菌是主要的優(yōu)勢(shì)甲烷菌簇；2)添加TSS增加了RCC甲烷菌的絕對(duì)豐度(P0.05),但對(duì)總甲烷菌和甲烷短桿菌屬甲烷菌的豐度無(wú)顯著影響(P0.05)。3)在種簇水平上,添加TSS降低了豐度高的SGMT簇甲烷菌的相對(duì)豐度,增加了豐度低的RO簇甲烷菌的相對(duì)豐度：4)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化樹分析發(fā)現(xiàn)與等毛蟲屬原蟲選擇性共生的甲烷菌主要是SGMT簇甲烷菌,與多甲屬原蟲選擇性共生的甲烷菌主要是RO簇甲烷菌。以上結(jié)果表明,TSS通過(guò)對(duì)瘤胃甲烷菌在種簇水平上的差異性調(diào)控改變了肉牛瘤胃甲烷菌的區(qū)系組成,即抑制與等毛蟲屬原蟲選擇性共生的豐度高的SGMT簇甲烷菌增殖和促進(jìn)與多甲屬原蟲選擇性共生的豐度低的RO簇甲烷菌的增殖。試驗(yàn)四不同甲烷菌產(chǎn)甲烷活性差異的比較研究本試驗(yàn)旨在比較優(yōu)勢(shì)甲烷短桿屬甲烷菌中低豐度的RO簇的主要代表菌Mbr. ruminantium和高豐度的SGMT簇的主要代表菌Mbr. gottschalkii的生長(zhǎng)指數(shù)和產(chǎn)甲烷活性差異。對(duì)2種甲烷菌進(jìn)行時(shí)程(Time-course)培養(yǎng)試驗(yàn),分別在13個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(0、8、12、16、20、24、30、36、48、60、72、84、96h)測(cè)定甲烷菌的生長(zhǎng)指數(shù)和甲烷產(chǎn)量,并在DNA和RNA水平上研究甲烷菌的甲烷產(chǎn)量與甲烷菌豐度和產(chǎn)甲烷能力間的相關(guān)關(guān)系。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：1)Mbr. ruminantium的對(duì)數(shù)增長(zhǎng)期(40h)和穩(wěn)定持續(xù)期(24h)均比Mbr. gottschalkii的對(duì)數(shù)增長(zhǎng)期(36h)和穩(wěn)定持續(xù)期(12h)長(zhǎng)；2) Mbr. ruminantium的最大菌體量和最大比生長(zhǎng)速率均顯著高于Mbr. gottschalkii (P0.05); 3)兩種甲烷菌的累積甲烷產(chǎn)量與其豐度和mcrA基因表達(dá)水平均呈顯著正相關(guān)(P0.05),而且甲烷菌的豐度與其mcrA基因表達(dá)水平也呈顯著正相關(guān)(P0.05)；4)Mbr. ruminantium和Mbr. gottschalkii所消耗H2量差異不顯著(P0.05),但Mbr. ruminantium生成的CH4量顯著高于Mbr. gottschalkii (P0.05); 5) Mbr. ruminantium可在低氫濃度下繼續(xù)生長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生少量甲烷,而Mbr. gottschalkii則不能利用低濃度的氫生成甲烷。以上結(jié)果表明,甲烷短桿菌屬中低豐度的RO簇代表菌Mbr. ruminantium的產(chǎn)甲烷活性和對(duì)低濃度環(huán)境的適應(yīng)能力要高于豐度高的SGMT簇代表菌Mbr. gottschalkii;另外甲烷菌的豐度和mcrA基因表達(dá)水平均可用于評(píng)定甲烷菌的產(chǎn)甲烷活性。綜上所述,不同種屬的纖毛原蟲、細(xì)菌和甲烷菌對(duì)TSS的調(diào)控作用存在種屬敏感差異性,在肉牛的高精料日糧中添加30 g/d TSS后,TSS改變了瘤胃微生物的菌群結(jié)構(gòu)組成。對(duì)于瘤胃纖毛原蟲,添加TSS選擇性抑制了利用淀粉的原蟲(內(nèi)毛屬)的增殖,促進(jìn)了利用纖維物質(zhì)的原蟲(多甲屬和真雙毛屬)的增殖；對(duì)于細(xì)菌,添加茶皂素選擇性抑制了丙酸生成菌(琥珀酸菌屬)和黃色瘤胃球菌的增殖,而促進(jìn)了纖維降解菌中白色瘤胃球菌、產(chǎn)琥珀酸絲狀桿菌和丁酸弧菌屬的增殖,使肉牛瘤胃發(fā)酵模式由丙酸型轉(zhuǎn)為乙酸型；對(duì)于甲烷菌,添加茶皂素選擇性抑制了甲烷短桿菌屬中豐度高的SGMT簇甲烷菌的增殖,而促進(jìn)了豐度低的RO簇甲烷菌的增殖。低豐度的RO簇甲烷菌代表菌Mbr. ruminantium產(chǎn)甲烷活性和對(duì)低濃度環(huán)境的適應(yīng)能力均高于豐度高的SGMT簇甲烷菌代表菌Mbr. gottschalkii。茶皂素主要通過(guò)抑制與等毛蟲屬原蟲選擇性共生的豐度高產(chǎn)甲烷活性較低的SGMT簇甲烷菌的增殖和促進(jìn)與多甲屬原蟲選擇性共生的豐度低但產(chǎn)甲烷活性高的RO簇甲烷菌增殖來(lái)影響肉牛瘤胃的甲烷生成。
[Abstract]:Rumen is an important digestive organ of ruminants and an important place for methane production. The change of microbial flora in the rumen will affect the stability of the rumen environment, feed efficiency and methane emission, and the close interspecies hydrogen transfer, symbiotic and mutual restriction among the rumen ciliated protozoa, bacteria and methanogens. The changes in the structure of protozoa may further affect the changes in the structure of the bacteria in the rumen and methanogens. In recent years, it is found that the tea saponin (TSS) has been used as a rumen fermentation regulator because of its special biological activity. In this study, TSS was used as a test material. QPCR and high throughput sequencing technology were used to study the TSS pairs from microbiological taxonomy. The effects of the abundance and flora of the ciliated protozoa, bacteria and methanogens, the relationship between the structure of protozoa, bacteria and methanogens and the relationship between the rumen fermentation and methane production of beef cattle, as well as the microbiological mechanism of TSS regulation of rumen fermentation and methane production in beef cattle. The regulation of floristic composition and methane production in this experiment selected 6 Baer Mont red cattle (363 + 8.5 kg) with rumen fistula (weight 363 + 8.5) as the research object. The changes in the composition of the faunal flora and the methane production in the rumen of beef cattle were investigated before the addition of tea saponin and the addition of tea saponin, and the changes of methane production in the rumen of beef cattle. In the period of taming of 56d, beef cattle were fed from grazing to the adaptation house to feed the high concentrate base diet (the ratio of 77:23, DM). The first 2 weeks continued to feed the basal diet as the control stage (BD) before adding TSS, and then added TSS (30 g/d) to the basal diet to feed 20d (TSS addition stage, TSS), and the last 2 weeks were not fed. Add the basal diet of TSS (stop adding TSS after the control, BDP). At the final 2D of the three stages, the methane emission of beef cattle was detected and the tumor gastric juice was collected. The abundance and floristic composition of cilium protozoa were analyzed by qPCR and Illumina Miseq high throughput sequencing technology. The results were found: 1) internal hair, posterior hair, true double hair, multi a, and so on. The genus protozoa of the genus caterpillar is the dominant protozoa in the rumen of three stages of beef cattle. Adding TSS reduces the relative abundance of protozoa (P0.05) with starch and increases the relative abundance (P0.05) of the use of fibrous material and true bis protozoa (P0.05); 2) in the 31 core protozoan OTUs, the addition of TSS reduces the genus and the OTUs of the genus caterpillar. In proportion, the proportion of the genus OTUs was increased, but after the addition of TSS, the proportion of OTUs of the genus caterpillar increased; 3) adding TSS increased the total abundance of cilium protozoa (P0.05), but the BDP phase decreased to the level of the BD stage 85%; 4) the abundance of the soluble sugar like parasite protozoa was lower in the BDP stage of the bovine tumor. In the BD and TSS stages (P0.05), the abundance of protozoa protozoa and degrading fibers degraded using starch was higher than that in BD phase (P0.05); 5) the addition of TSS had no significant effect on the methane emission of beef cattle (P0.05), but the methane emission at BDP stage was significantly lower than that of BD and TSS stages (P0.05); 6) the abundance of protozoa and beef beetle. The number of alkanes showed significant positive correlation (P0.05), and the abundance of protozoan protozoa was negatively correlated with the amount of methane emission from beef cattle (P0.05). The above results showed that after adding 30 g/d TSS to the high concentrate diet of beef cattle, TSS inhibited the proliferation of the protozoa protozoa using starch and promoted the use of fibrous material and the protozoa. Proliferation to change the floristic composition of the rumen ciliated protozoa; in addition, the methane emission of the rumen of ruminants can be reduced by reducing the abundance of the genus caterpillar and increasing the abundance of the genus protozoa with significant positive correlation with the methane emission of beef cattle to reduce the methane emission of the rumen of the ruminant. Test two tea saponin to the rumen bacteria The regulation of group composition and rumen fermentation mode in rumen protozoa and rumen bacteria exists between predatory and predatory, symbiotic or parasitic, and competition and synergy. On the basis of understanding the changes in the composition of the rumen ciliated protozoa, qPCR and Illumina Miseq high throughput sequencing technology are used to further explore the rumen fines of the rumen. The abundance and composition of bacteria and the regulation of rumen fermentation. Results: 1) 1) the phylum (46.1%) and the bacteriobacteriaceae (44.4%) were the dominant bacteria in the rumen of the three stages of beef cattle, the Poulet Was bacteria family (32.1%), the amino acid bacteria (19.9%) and the tumor stomach bacteria (11.3%) as the dominant bacteria, the genus Poulet Was (24.3%) and succinic acid. The genus (18.7%) was the dominant genus; 2) the addition of TSS reduced the abundances of the thick walled bacteria and increased the abundance of the Proteus and fibrobacteria (P0.05). At the level of the genus, the abundances of the propionic acid producing bacteria (succinic bacteria) were reduced and the abundance of the fibrous degrading bacteria (rumen and Vibrio butyrate) was increased (P0.05); and 3) TSS was added to the thicker wall. The proportion of the bacteria gate, the amino acid family and the succinic bacteria OTUs increased the proportion of the bacteriobacteria, the deformable bacteria and the rumen family OTUs; 4) the addition of TSS decreased the abundance of the Yellow rumen coccus (P0.05), increased the abundance of the white rumen cocci and the production of the filamentous succinate (P0.05), and 5) added TSS to reduce the mole of propionic acid. The molar concentration of isobutyric acid (P0.05) was increased, and the proportion of acetic acid, propionic acid (P0.05) was increased, and the rumen fermentation mode was transformed from propionic acid to acetic acid. The above results showed that TSS changed its floristic composition by differential regulation of the rumen bacteria at the gate, genus and species level, that is, the inhibition of propionic acid producing bacteria (succinic bacteria) and yellowish tumor. The proliferation of gastro cocci promoted the proliferation of white rumen coccus, producing succinic succinic and Vibrio butyrate in the degrading bacteria, and transforming the rumen fermentation mode from propionic acid to acetic acid. The regulation of three tea saponin to the rumen abundance and group composition of rumen of beef cattle was capable of producing methanogens. Alkanes provide the required substrates (metabolic hydrogen and carbon compounds), and ciliated protozoa also provides a growth and reproduction habitat for some methanogens. Therefore, on the basis of understanding the changes in the composition of the rumen ciliated protozoa and bacterial flora by TSS, qPCR and Illumina Miseq sequencing techniques are used to explore the regulation of TSS on the abundance of methanogens and the composition of the bacteria. The results were as follows: 1) 1) the genus Methanobacterium was the absolute dominant Methanobacterium in the rumen of beef cattle (95%). In addition, phylogenetic tree analysis found that in 15 dominant methane bacteria OTUs, more than 86% (13 OTUs) were located in the SGMT cluster, that is, SGMT methanogens were the main high potential methanogens; 2) added TSS to increase the absolute abundance of methanogens. Degree (P0.05), but there was no significant effect on the abundance of methanobacteria and methanobacteria (P0.05).3). At the cluster level, adding TSS decreased the relative abundance of the high abundance of SGMT methanogens and increased the relative abundance of RO methanogens with low abundance: 4) phylogenetic tree analysis found a selective symbiosis with the parasite and other protozoa. The main species of alkanes are SGMT methanogens, and the methanogens which symbiotic with the protozoa are mainly RO methanogens. The above results show that TSS changes the floristic composition of methanogens in the rumen of beef cattle by regulating the diversity of the rumen methanogens at the cluster level, that is, the inhibition of the high abundance of SGMT cluster a with the selective paragenesis of the protozoan protozoa. Proliferation and promoting the proliferation of RO methanogens with low abundance of selective paragenesis with protozoa. Test four comparison of methane production differences between different methanogens in different methanogens, this experiment aims to compare the main representative bacteria Mbr. ruminantium of the low abundance RO cluster in the dominant methanum genus methanogens and the main representative bacteria M of high abundance SGMT clusters The growth index and methane production activity of br. gottschalkii were different. The growth index and methane production of methanogens were measured at 13 time points (0,8,12,16,20,24,30,36,48,60,72,84,96h) at the time history (Time-course) culture of 2 methanogens, and methane production and methanogens abundance and armour production were studied at DNA and RNA levels. The results were as follows: 1) the logarithmic growth period (40H) and stable duration (24h) of Mbr. ruminantium were both higher than that of Mbr. gottschalkii (36h) and stable duration (12h); 2) the maximum biomass and maximum growth rate of Mbr. ruminantium were significantly higher than that of Mbr. gottschalkii (3) two methane. The cumulative methane yield of the bacteria was significantly positively correlated with the abundance and mcrA gene expression level (P0.05), and the abundance of methanogens and the expression level of mcrA genes also showed significant positive correlation (P0.05). 4) the difference of H2 consumed by Mbr. ruminantium and Mbr. gottschalkii was not significant (P0.05), but the quantity of Mbr. ruminantium generated was significantly higher than that of those. Gottschalkii (P0.05); 5) Mbr. ruminantium can continue to grow a small amount of methane at low hydrogen concentration, while Mbr. gottschalkii can not use low concentration of hydrogen to produce methane. The above results show that the low abundance RO cluster of the genus brevis represents the methanogenic activity of Mbr. ruminantium and the high adaptability to low concentration environment. The SGMT cluster of high abundance represents Mbr. gottschalkii, and the abundance of methanogens and the level of mcrA gene expression can be used to evaluate methanogenic activity of methanogens. In summary, the regulatory effect of cilium protozoa, bacteria and methanogens on TSS is different, and 30 g/d TSS is added to the high concentrate diet of beef cattle. After that, TSS changed the structure of the microbial flora of the rumen. For the rumen ciliated protozoa, the addition of TSS selectively inhibited the proliferation of protozoa (internal hair) using starch and promoted the proliferation of protozoa using fibrous material (multi and true double hairy genus); for bacteria, adding tea saponin selectively inhibited propionic acid producing bacteria (succinic bacteria). And the proliferation of yellowish rumen cocci promoted the proliferation of white rumen cocci, filamentous succinic acid and Vibrio butyrate in the degrading bacteria, and the rumen fermentation mode of beef cattle was converted from propionic acid to acetic acid; for methanogens, the addition of tea saponin selectively inhibited the proliferation of SGMT methanogens of high abundance in the genus brevibacilli. The proliferation of RO methanogens with low abundance was promoted. The low abundance of RO methanogens representing the bacteria Mbr. ruminantium and the ability to adapt to the low concentration environment were higher than the high abundance of SGMT methanogens, representing the Mbr. gottschalkii. tea saponin mainly by inhibiting the selective symbiotic abundance of methanogens with the parasite protozoa. The proliferation of low active SGMT methanogens and the promotion of the proliferation of RO methanogens with high methane producing activity with low abundance but high methane producing activity, which affect the methane production in the rumen of beef cattle.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S823

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本文編號(hào)：1826269