發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-04 11:46

  本文選題：蚯蚓 + 豬糞　； 參考：《華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：我國畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)飛速發(fā)展的同時(shí)產(chǎn)生了大量畜禽糞便,畜禽糞便及厭氧發(fā)酵產(chǎn)生的沼液都是優(yōu)質(zhì)有機(jī)肥。廣東省的丘陵山地是林業(yè)生產(chǎn)的重點(diǎn)區(qū)域,其土壤酸性高、養(yǎng)分含量低,嚴(yán)重制約了林業(yè)發(fā)展。施用畜禽糞便和沼液于酸化貧瘠的林地土壤可實(shí)現(xiàn)廢棄物的資源化利用和促進(jìn)林木高效生長。畜禽糞便和沼液中重金屬和抗生素含量普遍超標(biāo),長期施用具有潛在生態(tài)危害。蚯蚓和菌肥可促進(jìn)有機(jī)質(zhì)分解、礦物營養(yǎng)釋放,進(jìn)而影響重金屬和抗生素遷移轉(zhuǎn)化,但關(guān)于自然條件下蚯蚓、菌肥對豬糞、沼液農(nóng)用生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)調(diào)控方面的研究還鮮見報(bào)道。本文以廣東省云浮市新興縣羅陳豬場黃梁木速生林為試驗(yàn)區(qū)域,研究了豬糞、沼液農(nóng)用后重金屬和抗生素的污染特征及蚯蚓和菌肥調(diào)控作用,進(jìn)行了四環(huán)素類抗生素降解菌篩選和鑒定。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)豬糞可提高土壤pH,沼液作用不明顯。豬糞-沼液配施降低交換性酸的速度大于單施豬糞,蚯蚓和蚯蚓-菌肥配施可快速降低交換性酸。豬糞和豬糞-沼液配施可提高土壤電導(dǎo)率,兩者間無顯著差異(P0.05)。蚯蚓和蚯蚓-菌肥配施都可提高土壤電導(dǎo)率,蚯蚓效果更為明顯。施加豬糞可提高鹽基離子濃度,尤其是交換性鈣、鎂,沼液作用較小,蚯蚓和蚯蚓-菌肥配施可促進(jìn)交換性鈣、鎂累積。單施豬糞和豬糞-沼液配施土壤C/N基本相同,接種蚯蚓可降低土壤C/N。蚯蚓和蚯蚓-菌肥配施土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)組分相似度較高。豬糞、沼液及添加生物對土壤物理性質(zhì)無顯著影響(P0.05)。蚯蚓可降低細(xì)菌、真菌多樣性,蚯蚓和菌肥配施對真菌的抑制作用更為明顯。豬糞可改善土壤化學(xué)性質(zhì),沼液作用較小,蚯蚓和菌肥可提高土壤緩沖和保肥能力。(2)單施豬糞土壤中Pb含量上升,施加沼液可降低其含量,蚯蚓和蚯蚓-菌肥配施土壤中Pb含量呈下降趨勢。單施豬糞和豬糞-沼液配施土壤中Cu濃度無顯著差異(P0.05),蚯蚓可降低Cu含量。單施豬糞和豬糞-沼液配施土壤中Zn含量差異顯著(P0.05),蚯蚓可降低Zn含量。各處理土壤中As含量無顯著差異(P0.05),蚯蚓和菌肥可提高土壤中As含量。蚯蚓可提高黃梁木對Pb、Cu、Zn、As的富集和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn),減輕污染和生態(tài)危害。長期施加豬糞主要導(dǎo)致Cu、Zn污染,施加沼液可降低其含量。蚯蚓可有效降低重金屬生態(tài)危害,菌肥作用相對較弱。(3)單施豬糞土壤中土霉素含量(138.26μg·kg-1)顯著高于對照(40.5μg·kg-1)和豬糞-沼液配施(37.84μg·kg-1)(P0.05),蚯蚓和蚯蚓-菌肥配施土霉素含量上升。單施豬糞土壤中四環(huán)素含量(175.56μg·kg-1)顯著高于對照(20.63μg·kg-1)和豬糞-沼液配施(74.35μg·kg-1)(P0.05),蚯蚓和蚯蚓-菌肥配施可提高四環(huán)素含量,且單獨(dú)接種蚯蚓含量最高(226.55μg·kg-1)。施加豬糞和豬糞-沼液配施可提高土壤中金霉素含量,豬糞-沼液配施高于單施豬糞,接種蚯蚓后金霉素累積最為明顯。施加豬糞可造成四環(huán)素類抗生素富集,沼液可降低其含量,蚯蚓和菌肥可促進(jìn)其富集。(4)篩選出2株四環(huán)素降解菌,4株土霉素降解菌,1株金霉素降解菌,1株四環(huán)素和金霉素復(fù)合降解菌。6株為桿狀菌,2株為球形菌,都為革蘭氏陰性菌。確定為弗氏檸檬酸桿菌Citrobacter werkmanii、雷氏普羅威登菌Providencia rettgeri strain、弗氏檸檬酸桿菌Citrobacter werkmanii、巨大芽孢桿菌Bacillμs megaterium、節(jié)桿菌屬Arthrobacter sp、高地芽孢桿菌Bacillμs altitudinis、惡臭假單胞菌Pseudomonas putida、睪丸酮叢毛單胞菌Comamonas testosterone。以上菌株能以四環(huán)素類抗生素為唯一碳源,促進(jìn)其降解,有望用于抗生素污染治理。(5)土壤理化性質(zhì)、污染物、微生物間相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果表明:陽離子交換量是影響細(xì)菌群落的最重要因子,蚯蚓和菌肥可降低陽離子交換量從而降低細(xì)菌多樣性。交換性鋁對真菌群落影響最大,蚯蚓和菌肥可通過降低交換性鋁含量提高真菌多樣性。在所測重金屬和抗生素中,對細(xì)菌和真菌影響最大的是Cu、Zn,蚯蚓和菌肥可減輕其對微生物的抑制作用。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of livestock and poultry industry in China has produced a large number of livestock and poultry excrement, and the biogas liquid produced by livestock and poultry manure and anaerobic fermentation is high quality organic fertilizer. The hilly and hilly areas of Guangdong province are the key areas of forestry production, with high soil acidity and low nutrient content, which seriously restrict the development of forestry. The forestland soil can realize the utilization of waste and promote the efficient growth of forest trees. The content of heavy metals and antibiotics in livestock and poultry manure and biogas liquid is generally exceeded, and the long-term application has potential ecological hazards. Earthworms and bacterial manure can promote organic matter decomposition, mineral nutrition release, and then affect the migration and transformation of heavy metals and antibiotics, but about nature. In this paper, the characteristics of pig manure, the characteristics of heavy metals and antibiotics and the regulation of earthworms and bacterial manure were studied in this paper, and the resistance of tetracycline to tetracycline was carried out in this paper. The main results are as follows: (1) pig manure can improve soil pH, and the effect of biogas slurry is not obvious. Pig manure and biogas slurry can reduce exchangeable acid faster than single pig manure, earthworm and earthworm fertilizer can rapidly reduce exchangeable acid. Pig manure and pig manure and biogas liquid can improve soil conductivity, there is no significant difference between the two. The difference (P0.05). Earthworms and earthworm fertilization can improve the soil conductivity, the earthworm effect is more obvious. The application of pig manure can increase the concentration of the salt base ion, especially the exchangeable calcium, magnesium, the effect of the biogas fertilizer is small, the earthworm and earthworm fertilizer can promote exchangeable calcium and magnesium accumulation. The single application of pig manure and pig manure and biogas slurry to apply soil C/N is basically the same, and then the soil is basically the same. Earthworms can reduce the similarity between soil C/N. earthworms and earthworms and fertilizer applied to soil organic matter. Pig manure, biogas fluid and adding organisms have no significant influence on the physical properties of soil (P0.05). Earthworms can reduce the diversity of bacteria and fungi. Earthworms and microbial fertilizer application are more obvious for the suppression of fungi. Pig manure can improve soil chemical properties, marsh Soil buffers and fertilizer can improve the soil buffer and fertilizer conservation ability. (2) the content of Pb in the single application of pig manure soil can be increased, and the content of Pb can be reduced by the application of biogas solution. There is no significant difference between the earthworm and earthworm fertilizer application soil and the Cu concentration in the soil of single application of pig manure and pig manure and biogas slurry (P0.05), and the earthworm can reduce the content of Cu. The difference of Zn content in soil with pig manure and pig manure combined with pig manure was significant (P0.05), and earthworms could reduce the content of Zn. There was no significant difference in the content of As in the soil (P0.05). Earthworms and microbial fertilizer could improve the content of As in the soil. Earthworms could improve the enrichment and transport of Huang Liangmu to Pb, Cu, Zn, As, and reduce pollution and ecological harm. The main guide of pig manure was long applied. Cu, Zn pollution, the application of biogas liquid can reduce its content. Earthworms can effectively reduce the ecological harm of heavy metals, the effect of bacterial fertilizer is relatively weak. (3) the content of oxytetracycline (138.26 mu g. Kg-1) in single application of pig manure soil is significantly higher than the control (40.5 mu g. Kg-1) and pig manure biogas slurry (37.84 mu g. Kg-1) (P0.05), earthworms and earthworm fertilizer combined with oxytetracycline content increased. The content of tetracycline (175.56 G. Kg-1) in single application of pig manure was significantly higher than that of control (20.63 G. Kg-1) and pig manure (74.35 mu g. Kg-1) (P0.05). Earthworms and earthworm fertilizer could increase the content of tetracycline, and the content of earthworms was highest (226.55 Mu G. Kg-1). The application of pig manure and pig manure and biogas liquid to improve the chlortetracycline in soil The accumulation of chlortetracycline in pig manure was higher than that of pig manure with pig manure, and the accumulation of tetracycline was the most obvious after inoculation. The application of pig manure could lead to the enrichment of tetracycline antibiotics, and the biogas liquid could reduce its content. (4) 2 strains of tetracycline degrading bacteria, 4 strains of tetracycline degrading bacteria, 1 strains of chlortetracycline degrading bacteria and 1 strains of tetracycline and gold mould were selected. The.6 strain of the degrading bacteria was baculovirus, 2 were spherical, and all were Gram-negative bacteria. It was identified as Citrobacter werkmanii, Providencia rettgeri strain, Citrobacter werkmanii, Bacill micronux s megaterium, Bacillus Arthrobacter, high altitude buds. Bacillus Bacill Mu s altitudinis, Pseudomonas stintoid Pseudomonas putida, testosterone (testosterone) strain Comamonas testosterone. can be used as the only carbon source with tetracycline antibiotics as the only carbon source. It is expected to be used for the treatment of antibiotic pollution. (5) the results of soil physical and chemical properties, pollutants and microorganism correlation analysis show that: Yang separation The amount of subexchange is the most important factor affecting the bacterial community. Earthworms and bacterial manure can reduce cation exchange and reduce bacterial diversity. Exchangeable aluminum has the greatest impact on fungal communities. Earthworms and bacterial fertilizers can increase fungal diversity by reducing the exchangeable aluminum content. Among the heavy metals and antibiotics, the greatest impact on bacteria and fungi is found. It is Cu, Zn, earthworm and bacterial manure, which can reduce their inhibitory effect on microorganisms.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X713;S714.8

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