發(fā)布時間：2018-05-06 19:33

  本文選題：能值分析 + 生命周期評價　； 參考：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：中國是農(nóng)業(yè)大國,秸稈資源數(shù)量大、種類多、分布廣。然而在農(nóng)村地區(qū),秸稈露天焚燒、廢棄造成的大氣污染、農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染問題仍然存在。隨著我國秸稈沼氣技術(shù)的發(fā)展,秸稈沼氣集中供氣技術(shù)成為秸稈資源化利用的重要途徑,是適應(yīng)我國農(nóng)村現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平的實用技術(shù),在秸稈資源豐富的農(nóng)村地區(qū)得到推廣和應(yīng)用。實踐表明,秸稈沼氣集中供氣技術(shù),能夠提高秸稈資源化利用效率,所產(chǎn)秸稈沼氣可替代煤炭、液化氣等化石能源,為農(nóng)村提供優(yōu)質(zhì)、清潔的可再生能源,所產(chǎn)沼肥可用作有機肥。生物質(zhì)資源在能源化生產(chǎn)和利用過程中也會消耗能量,排放污染物,因此對秸稈沼氣集中供氣工程的生態(tài)經(jīng)濟效益和環(huán)境影響進行科學(xué)合理的評價,對促進秸稈沼氣的可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要意義。能值分析方法考慮了自然環(huán)境資源對系統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展做出的貢獻,將投入系統(tǒng)的物質(zhì)、能量、貨幣、勞務(wù)等不同種類、不同單位的生態(tài)流,轉(zhuǎn)換成為太陽能值,將其作為統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來衡量和分析,彌補了經(jīng)濟分析和傳統(tǒng)能量分析的不足。本研究采用能值分析方法和生命周期評價方法對秸稈沼氣集中供氣工程的生態(tài)經(jīng)濟性和可持續(xù)性進行評價。主要結(jié)論分述如下:(1)對秸稈沼氣集中供氣工程投入資源的能量折算系數(shù)、能值轉(zhuǎn)換率、污染物排放系數(shù)等進行考證分析并確定其取值。以15.83E+24sej/a能值基線為準(zhǔn),對秸稈沼氣集中供氣工程投入資源的能值轉(zhuǎn)換率參數(shù)進行考證和分析。對玉米秸稈、小麥秸稈、農(nóng)村勞動力的能值轉(zhuǎn)換率進行核算,河南省安陽縣小麥秸稈能值轉(zhuǎn)換率、河北省青縣玉米秸稈能值轉(zhuǎn)換率和全國農(nóng)村勞動力能值轉(zhuǎn)換率,分別是1.10E+05sej/J、7.55E+04sej/J、2.56E+06sej/J。(2)以河南省安陽縣西街村秸稈沼氣集中供氣工程為例,對非滿負荷運行條件下秸稈沼氣工程能值投入產(chǎn)出進行了定量核算和分析。結(jié)果表明,該秸稈沼氣工程能值投入中,購買資源能值投入占99.73%,秸稈能值投入占73.83%。與滿負荷運行相比,在非滿負荷運行的情況下,沼氣、沼渣沼液以及“三沼”的能值轉(zhuǎn)換率皆有明顯升高;工程的生態(tài)經(jīng)濟性、可持續(xù)發(fā)展性有所降低,環(huán)境負荷上升。要提高秸稈沼氣集中供氣工程的經(jīng)濟性、可持續(xù)性和環(huán)境外部性,必須努力實現(xiàn)工程的滿負荷運行。(3)以河北省青縣耿官屯秸稈沼氣集中供氣工程為例,根據(jù)沼渣沼液處理方式不同,將其設(shè)定為常規(guī)情景(情景1)、現(xiàn)實情景(情景2)和假設(shè)情景(情景3),進而對3種不同情景的能值投入、產(chǎn)出及其能值評價指標(biāo)進行比較分析。結(jié)果表明,由情景1到情景3,購買不可更新資源能值占總投入的比重顯著提升;從各子系統(tǒng)能值投入比重看,秸稈收集與預(yù)處理子系統(tǒng)顯著下降,沼肥利用子系統(tǒng)顯著升高,其他各子系統(tǒng)有所下降。常規(guī)情景下,青縣耿官屯秸稈沼氣集中供氣工程沼氣能值轉(zhuǎn)換率為2.50E+05sej/J;隨著沼渣沼液加工利用水平的提高,沼肥的能值轉(zhuǎn)換率、“三沼”能值轉(zhuǎn)換率呈下降的趨勢;可更新能值率RER、可持續(xù)發(fā)展指數(shù)ESI、能值反饋率FYR和處理廢棄物能力EWR都、環(huán)境負載率ELR等指標(biāo),隨著產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條延長和系統(tǒng)邊界的變化,不再適用于生產(chǎn)工藝和產(chǎn)品方案調(diào)整前后的能值比較分析。(4)以河南省安陽縣西街村秸稈沼氣集中供氣工程為例,以工程年產(chǎn)出沼氣為功能單位,綜合評估了秸稈沼氣集中供氣工程在全球變暖潛力、酸化潛力、氣溶膠潛力、光化學(xué)煙霧潛力和人體毒性潛力5個方面的環(huán)境影響。將工程建設(shè)單元納入秸稈沼氣工程各生命周期邊界,對工程建設(shè)單元、運行單元和產(chǎn)物利用單元的環(huán)境排放進行定量核算和分析。該秸稈沼氣集中供氣工程對全球環(huán)境的影響負荷為-137.72標(biāo)準(zhǔn)人當(dāng)量,減排效果顯著。煤炭增溫和電力消耗是影響沼氣工程環(huán)境排放的重要環(huán)節(jié),選擇低碳環(huán)保的沼氣工程增保溫方式和降低工程運行電耗是秸稈沼氣集中供氣工程工藝改進的重要內(nèi)容。
[Abstract]:China is a large agricultural country with large number of straw resources, wide variety and wide distribution. However, in rural areas, straw burning in the open air, the air pollution caused by waste, and the problem of agricultural non-point source pollution still exist. With the development of straw biogas technology in China, the centralized gas supply technology of straw biogas has become an important way to utilize the straw resource, and it is adapted to our country. The practical technology of the rural economic development level in rural areas is popularized and applied in the rural areas with rich straw resources. The practice shows that the centralized gas supply technology of straw biogas can improve the utilization efficiency of straw resource, and the straw biogas can replace coal, liquefied gas and other fossil energy, and provide high quality and clean renewable energy for rural areas. The biogas fertilizer can be used as organic fertilizer. In the process of energy production and utilization, biomass resources will also consume energy and discharge pollutants. Therefore, the scientific and rational evaluation of the ecological and economic benefits and environmental effects of the straw biogas supply project is of great significance to the sustainable development of straw biogas. Considering the contribution of natural environmental resources to the development of the system economy, it will put into the system of material, energy, money, labor and so on, and convert the ecological flow of different units into solar value, and measure and analyze it as a unified standard, and make up for the shortage of economic analysis and traditional energy analysis. The method and life cycle evaluation method are used to evaluate the ecological economy and sustainability of the centralized gas supply project with straw biogas. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the energy conversion coefficient, the conversion rate of energy value, the emission coefficient of the pollutants and the value of the pollutant emission coefficient are analyzed and determined. The results are as follows: (1) /a can be used to evaluate the conversion rate of the energy value of the corn straw, wheat straw and rural labor force, the conversion rate of wheat straw energy value in Anyang County, Henan Province, the conversion rate of maize straw energy value in Hebei province and the rural labor force in Qingxian County, Hebei province. The conversion rate of energy value is 1.10E+05sej/J, 7.55E+04sej/J, 2.56E+06sej/J. (2) taking the centralized gas supply project of Xi Jie Village Straw biogas in Anyang County of Henan Province as an example. The quantitative calculation and analysis of the energy input and output of the straw biogas engineering under the condition of unfilled load operation are carried out. The results show that the resources can be purchased in the energy input of the straw biogas project. The value input accounted for 99.73%, the energy input of the straw accounted for 73.83%. and the full load operation. Under the condition of the non full load operation, the energy conversion rate of the biogas, biogas slurry and the "three marsh" all increased obviously; the ecological economy, the sustainable development of the project and the environmental load increased. Economic, sustainable and environmental externalities, we must work hard to realize full load operation of the project. (3) taking the centralized gas supply project of gunguan straw biogas in Qingxian County, Hebei Province as an example, according to the different methods of biogas slurry treatment, it is set as a conventional scenario (scenario 1), realistic scenario (scenario 2) and hypothesis scenario (scenario 3), and then to 3 different scenarios The results show that from scenario 1 to scenario 3, the proportion of the non renewable resources to the total input is significantly increased. From the proportion of the energy input of the subsystems, the straw collection and pretreatment subsystem is significantly decreased, the biogas fertilizer utilization subsystem has been significantly increased, and the other subsystems are available. Under the normal situation, the conversion rate of biogas energy in the centralized gas supply project in gunguntun, Qingxian County, is 2.50E+05sej/J. With the improvement of the level of processing and utilization of biogas slurry, the conversion rate of the energy value of the biogas fertilizer, the conversion rate of the energy value of the "three marsh" is decreasing, the renewable energy value RER, the sustainable development index ESI, the energy value feedback rate FYR and the location of the energy value. EWR, environmental load rate ELR and other indexes, with the extension of industrial chain and the change of the system boundary, is no longer applicable to the comparison and analysis of the energy value before and after the adjustment of the production process and product scheme. (4) taking the centralized gas supply project of the straw biogas in the West Street Village of Anyang County, Henan as an example, the annual output of biogas in the project is used as a functional unit, and the comprehensive evaluation is made. The environmental effects of 5 aspects of global warming potential, acidification potential, aerosol potential, photochemical smog potential and human toxicity potential are estimated. The project construction unit is integrated into the life cycle boundary of straw biogas engineering, and the environmental emission of construction unit, operation unit and product utilization unit is carried out. Quantitative calculation and analysis. The impact load of the centralized gas supply project on the global environment is -137.72 standard human equivalent, and the effect of emission reduction is significant. The increase of coal energy consumption is an important link to influence the environmental emission of biogas engineering. The selection of the low carbon and environmental protection methane engineering heat preservation formula and the reduction of the power consumption of the project operation are the straw biogas set. The important content of process improvement of gas supply engineering.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S216.4
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本文編號：1853593