發(fā)布時間：2018-05-11 07:36

  本文選題：仿栗 + 離子注入��； 參考：《中南林業(yè)科技大學》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：仿栗/Sloanea hemsleyana為杜英科猴歡喜屬常綠喬木,樹干端直,樹型高大、常綠、枝葉繁茂,可供觀賞。木材為白色,紋理細直,可供家俱他建筑用材。主要分布在我國四川、云南、湖北及湖南等地。仿栗作為野生木本油料植物,含油率高,油質好,是一種良好的生物能源樹種。仿栗種子不耐貯藏,母樹結實量低,種子出苗率低,容易造成種源不足。為解決這一問題,開展了扦插繁殖技術研究,探討了不同插穗部位和規(guī)格、不同生根促進劑種類和濃度、不同扦插時間以及不同扦插基質對插穗生根的影響;研究了生根過程中各項生理指標的動態(tài)變化;用石蠟切片法研究了不定根發(fā)生的解剖學特性。以仿栗種子及幼苗為研究對象,開展了不同劑量的低能氮離子束注入,研究其酶活性的變化過程;開展了三水平正交試驗,研究仿栗幼苗在不同肥料配比下的生理變化規(guī)律,在養(yǎng)分脅迫條件下酶活性隨物候期變化的規(guī)律。為仿栗扦插繁殖和苗木培育提供理論依據(jù)和技術支撐。主要研究結果如下:1.扦插繁殖結果表明,樹冠上部穗條生根率高、生根數(shù)多、根長最長,扦插效果好;同一枝條的不同部位的插穗,扦插的生根率存在顯著差異,中部插穗生根率高,達到40%;插條長度以15cm為好,生根率高達30%;插條粗度在0.3～0.6cm時生根率最高,達75%;剪切成一個斜面的下切口插條生根率高達91.7%。保留2～3片葉,每片葉保留一半的插條,生根效果好;采用K-IBA 3000 mg/kg處理插穗,其生根率比對照高出近50%;扦插時間以9月為最適宜,其生根率高達70%以上;采用混合基質扦插,不定根出現(xiàn)早、生根率高。2.插穗中的可溶性糖、總氮、蛋白質含量及C/N值均隨生根進程而發(fā)生變化,其變化趨勢大致一致。愈傷組織誘導期,上述指標均呈下降趨勢,滿足細胞脫分化、分裂所需的能量以及形成新細胞;愈傷組織形成后,上述指標上升,為不定根的誘導和形成提供營養(yǎng)物質。3.扦插生根過程中,SOD和POD酶活性呈現(xiàn)先上升后下降的趨勢,插后20 d后達最大值,之后逐漸降低;MDA含量先迅速積累,插后約20 d出現(xiàn)峰值,隨后一直下降,MDA對細胞有毒害作用;生根劑處理比對照能有效降低MDA含量,促進生根。4.生根解剖學研究表明,仿栗本身不具有先生根原基,屬于誘生根原基類型,不定根大部分源于皮層細胞和維管形成層細胞。5.仿栗種子注入不同劑量的氮離子束后,SOD、POD和CAT酶活性隨著劑量的增加先上升后下降;當注入劑量在3×1016ions/cm2～9×1016ions/cm2范圍內(nèi),上述3種酶活性比對照均有不同程度的提高,當注入劑量在9×1016ions/cm2時,3種酶活性均達到峰值,當劑量在9×1016ions/cm2～12×1016 ions/cm2范圍內(nèi),3種酶活性均較高,有利于協(xié)調作用,使自由基維持在一個較低的水平。當注入劑量大于12×1016ions/cm2時,活性逐漸下降。這表明一定劑量的氮離子注入,能激活合成自由基清除酶的能力,在一定程度上免受自由基侵害。6.低能氮離子束的注入,MDA的含量和電解質外滲率呈現(xiàn)先下降后上升的趨勢;當注入劑量在3×1016ions/cm2～9×1016ions/cm2范圍內(nèi)時,MDA含量、電解質外滲率比對照均有不同程度的下降,當注入劑量達到9×1016ions/cm2時,MDA含量最低,此時電解質外滲率也最低,這說明脂質過氧化作用被削弱;隨著注入劑量的增加,MDA含量呈現(xiàn)先下降后上升的變化,說明離子注入起始階段生物體自身修復系統(tǒng)發(fā)揮了作用,脂質過氧化作用被削弱。但隨著離子劑量的增加,其含量出現(xiàn)上升,說明高劑量離子的注入,增加了膜的通透性,大量離子外滲,破壞了細胞的調節(jié)能力,正常功能的膜系統(tǒng)被破壞,膜質過氧化產(chǎn)物積累。7.養(yǎng)分脅迫試驗表明:(1)4號處理組合有利于提高苗木高度,3號和8號處理組合有利于提高苗木粗度。(2)4號處理組合有利于提高葉片葉綠素含量,提高SOD和CAT酶活性;4號處理組合在不同月份的MDA含量和電解質滲漏率顯著低于其他處理,說明4號處理對脅迫的適應能力較強,受脅迫較輕。(3)葉片葉綠素含量在各個物候期,施肥處理均高于對照;各種處理的葉綠素含量呈現(xiàn)先升高后下降,在8月底均達到峰值。(4)保護酶活性均表現(xiàn)為先升高,后下降趨勢,在8月底達到峰值;各處理在各個物候期,MDA含量和電解質滲漏率表現(xiàn)出上升趨勢,但上升的程度在各個月份有所不同,這與外界環(huán)境和葉片衰老有一定的關系。(5)各種處理葉綠素含量與SOD活性表現(xiàn)為極顯著正相關關系;這可能是因為在生長期,施肥的效果,光合能力增強,產(chǎn)生大量氧自由基,SOD酶活性提高,葉片免受自由基的損傷,二者表現(xiàn)為正相關。到了生長后期,葉片逐漸衰老,葉綠素含量下降,導致光合能力下降,SOD酶活性也因葉片損傷,活性下降,也表現(xiàn)出二者的正相關。
[Abstract]:Chestnut /Sloanea hemsleyana is the evergreen tree of Duke monkey, the tree trunk is straight, the tree is tall, evergreen, and the branches and leaves are luxuriant. The wood is white and the texture is fine and straight. It can be used for the furniture. It is mainly distributed in Sichuan, Yunnan, Hubei and Hunan. The imitation chestnut is a wild woody oil plant with high oil content and good oil quality. A good biological energy tree species. The seeds of the Chinese chestnut are not stored in storage, the seed yield of the mother tree is low, the seed germination rate is low, and it is easy to cause the shortage of seed. The dynamic changes of physiological indexes in the course of rooting were studied. The anatomic characteristics of the occurrence of adventitious roots were studied by paraffin section method. The different doses of low energy nitrogen ion beam injection were carried out to study the change process of the enzyme activity, and the three level orthogonal experiment was carried out. The physiological change law of chestnut seedlings under different fertilizer ratio, the change of the enzyme activity under the condition of nutrient stress, provided the theoretical basis and technical support for the Cuttage Propagation and the seedling cultivation of Chinese chestnut. The main results are as follows: 1. the results of cutting propagation show that the root rate of the top spike is high, the root number is many, the root length is the most. Long, cutting effect is good; the rooting rate of cuttings at different parts of the same branch has significant difference, the rooting rate of the cuttings is high, reaching 40%, the length of the cuttings is 15cm, the rooting rate is up to 30%, the rooting rate of the cuttings is the highest, reaching 75% when the cuttings are 0.3 ~ 0.6cm, and the root rate of cutting into a slope is up to 91.7%. 2~3. Leaf leaf, the leaf of each leaf retained half of the cuttings, and the rooting effect was good. The root rate of the cuttings treated with K-IBA 3000 mg/kg was nearly 50% higher than that of the control; the cutting time was most suitable in September, and the rooting rate was up to 70%. The soluble sugar, total nitrogen, protein content and C/N value of the root rate were high in the.2. cuttings with the mixed matrix cuttage. The changes in the rooting process were all the same, and the trend of the changes was roughly the same. The index of the callus induction was descending to meet the cell dedifferentiation, the energy needed to divide and the formation of new cells. After the formation of the callus, the above indexes rose, which provided the root of the adventitious roots and formation of.3. cuttings, SOD And POD enzyme activity showed a trend of first increase and then decline, after 20 d to reach the maximum value, then gradually decrease; MDA content first quickly accumulated, after 20 d peak, and then declined, MDA has a toxic effect on cells; rooting agent treatment can effectively reduce the content of MDA and promote root.4. rooting anatomy study show that chestnut itself does not The root primordium, which belongs to the primordial primordium, mostly originates from the cortical and vascular cambium cells, most of the.5. chestnut seeds are injected into different doses of nitrogen ions. The activity of SOD, POD and CAT enzyme rises first and then decreases with the increase of dose; the above 3 enzymes are within the 3 * 1016ions/cm2 ~ 9 * 1016ions/cm2 range. The activity of the 3 enzymes reached the peak when the injection dose was 9 * 1016ions/cm2. The activity of the 3 enzymes was higher in the range of 9 x 1016ions/cm2 ~ 12 x 1016 ions/cm2, which was beneficial to the coordination and kept the free radicals at a lower level. When the injection dose was greater than 12 * 1016ions/cm2, the activity was more than 12 * 1016ions/cm2. This shows that the nitrogen ion implantation at a certain dose can activate the ability to synthesize the free radical scavenging enzyme, to a certain extent, from the injection of.6. low energy nitrogen ion beam by free radicals, the content of MDA and the electrolyte exosmotic rate show a tendency to decrease first and then increase; when the injection dose is within the range of 3 x 1016ions/cm2 to 9 x 1016ions/cm2 The content of MDA and the electrolyte exosmotic rate decreased in varying degrees. When the injection dose reached 9 * 1016ions/cm2, the content of MDA was the lowest and the electrolyte exosperation was the lowest, which indicated that the lipid peroxidation was weakened. As the injection dose increased, the content of MDA decreased first and then increased, indicating the initial stage of ion implantation. The self repairing system of the organism played a role, and the effect of lipid peroxidation was weakened. But with the increase of ion dose, the content of the system increased. It indicated that the injection of the high dose ion increased the permeability of the membrane, a large amount of ion exudation, destroyed the regulating ability of the cells, the membrane system of normal function was destroyed, and the membrane peroxide product accumulated.7. The experiment of nutrient stress showed that (1) the combination of No. 4 treatment was beneficial to raising the height of the seedlings, and the combination of No. 3 and No. 8 was beneficial to improve the coarseness of the seedlings. (2) 4 treatment combination was beneficial to improve the chlorophyll content of leaves and increase the activity of SOD and CAT enzyme. The content of MDA and the leakage rate of electrolyte in the 4 treatment combination in different months were significantly lower than those of other treatments. No. 4 treatment was more adaptable to stress and light stress. (3) the chlorophyll content of leaves was higher than that of the control at every phenological period. The chlorophyll content of all kinds of treatments first increased and then declined, and reached the peak at the end of August. (4) the activity of protective enzymes increased first, then decreased at the end of August, and reached the peak value at the end of August. In each phenological period, MDA content and electrolyte leakage rate showed an upward trend, but the degree of rise was different in each month, which had a certain relationship with the external environment and leaf senescence. (5) various treatments of chlorophyll content and SOD activity showed a very significant positive correlation; this may be due to the effect of fertilization in the growth period, photosynthesis. Capacity enhancement, producing a large number of oxygen free radicals, SOD enzyme activity increased, leaves free radical damage, the two showed positive correlation. To the late growth, leaves gradually aging, chlorophyll content decreased, resulting in the decrease of photosynthetic capacity, SOD enzyme activity also caused by leaf damage, activity decreased, also showed positive correlation of the two.

【學位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S792.99

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