發(fā)布時間：2018-05-16 10:56

  本文選題：蓖麻 + 鎘��； 參考：《內蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)排污量的增加,我國一些地區(qū)土壤Cd污染趨于加重的態(tài)勢。蓖麻對Cd具有較高的耐性和富集能力,同時也是一種能源植物,利用蓖麻修復Cd污染土壤是一種合理有效的途徑。本文研究了10、20、30、40和50mg/kg5個濃度Cd脅迫下蓖麻主栽品種對Cd的耐性和富集特征,篩選了不同Cd耐性和累積性蓖麻品種,從抗氧化酶活性、Cd亞細胞區(qū)隔化和亞細胞Cd形態(tài)3個方面研究了不同耐性和累積性蓖麻品種對Cd耐性和解毒機制以及不同種類有機酸對它們Cd累積的調控作用。研究結果如下：1.12個蓖麻品種對不同濃度Cd脅迫的生長響應與耐受程度存在顯著差異,通過對相對株高、相對根長、相對葉綠素含量、相對地上部生物量和相對地下部生物量進行綜合評價,并采用主成分分析、平均隸屬函數(shù)分析和聚類分析,可將12種蓖麻品種劃分為高耐性和低耐性兩類,其中5個蓖麻品種是高耐性品種,7個蓖麻品種是低耐性品種。2.不同濃度Cd脅迫下蓖麻地上部Cd的含量大小順序均為：莖部葉部。不同蓖麻品種地上部Cd累積量存在顯著差異,根據(jù)蓖麻地上部Cd累積量差異大小可將蓖麻品種分為高累積性和低累積性兩類,再結合蓖麻的耐性,可將12個蓖麻品種分為低耐低累積、低耐高累積、高耐低累積和高耐高累積4種類型。3.不同耐性累積性蓖麻品種對Cd的抗氧化防衛(wèi)機制不同。Cd脅迫下高耐性品種通蓖5號和通蓖6號的抗氧化酶活性顯著高于低耐性品種晉蓖2號和哲蓖2號;隨Cd脅迫濃度的增加,高耐性品種SOD、POD和CAT活性基本保持不變或升高,脅迫產(chǎn)生的活性氧能被及時清除；低耐性品種在高濃度Cd脅迫下,SOD、POD和CAT活性受到抑制,累積的活性氧不能被及時清除。隨著Cd脅迫濃度的增加,高累積品種葉SOD、POD和CAT活性變化幅度高于低積累性品種,根SOD和POD活性變化幅度低于低累積品種。同一蓖麻品種不同器官抗氧化防衛(wèi)機制也不同,葉的抗氧化酶活性顯著高于根；過氧化氫酶(CAT)可能在蓖麻根抗氧化脅迫中起主導作用,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和過氧化物酶(POD)可能在蓖麻葉抗氧化防衛(wèi)中起主導作用。4.不同耐性累積性蓖麻品種對Cd的亞細胞區(qū)分布和亞細胞Cd化學形態(tài)也不同。Cd在蓖麻亞細胞含量大小順序均為細胞可溶組分細胞壁細胞器；低耐性品種晉蓖Cd在蓖麻亞細胞含量大小順序均為細胞可溶組分細胞壁細胞器；低耐性品種晉蓖2號和哲蓖2號細胞器中Cd的分配比例較高耐性品種通蓖5號和通蓖6號細胞器中Cd的分配比例高；高累積品種晉蓖2號和通蓖6號細胞可溶組分中Cd的分配比例較低累積品種哲蓖2號和通蓖5號細胞可溶組分中Cd的分配比例高。低耐性品種晉蓖2號和哲蓖2號葉主要以活性較高的乙醇提取態(tài)和去離子水提取態(tài)存在,而高耐性品種葉以活性較低的醋酸提取態(tài)存在；低累積品種根殘渣態(tài)Cd含量較高,高累積品種根去離子水提取態(tài)Cd含量較高；去離子水提取態(tài)負責Cd從蓖麻根部向地上部的運輸,殘渣態(tài)限制了Cd從根部向地上部的運輸。5.施用有機酸對Cd富集和轉運能力的調控效果因有機酸種類、蓖麻品種及器官不同而異,有機酸對不同蓖麻品種Cd轉運和富集能力提高效果的大小順序為：通蓖6號晉蓖2號通蓖5號哲蓖2號；對蓖麻葉和莖中Cd轉運和富集能力提高效果的大小順序均為EDTACATA,對根的效果為EDTA≈TACA.6.施用有機酸對蓖麻生物量和總Cd累積量的調控效果因蓖麻品種、有機酸種類及濃度不同而異。EDTA加劇了Cd對蓖麻的毒害,但通蓖5號和通蓖6號表現(xiàn)出了較好的EDTA耐性；低濃度CA和TA能夠緩解Cd對蓖麻的毒害、提高蓖麻的生物量,以通蓖5號和通蓖6號生物量提高的較多。lmmol/kg EDTA可顯著提高晉蓖2號總Cd累積量,達到70.82μ g/株；1 mmol/kg CA可顯著提高通蓖5號總Cd累積量,達到49.77μg/株；5 mmol/kg EDTA可顯著提高通蓖6號總Cd累積量,達到102.88μg/株；有機酸對哲蓖2號總Cd累積量的影響微弱。
[Abstract]:With the increase of sewage discharge in industrial and agricultural production, soil Cd pollution in some areas of China tends to aggravate. Castor has high tolerance and enrichment ability to Cd, and it is also a kind of energy plant. It is a reasonable and effective way to repair Cd contaminated soil by castor bean. This paper studied castor under the stress of 10,20,30,40 and 50mg/kg5 under Cd stress. The resistance and accumulation of different Cd tolerance and accumulation of castor species were screened for the tolerance and accumulation of Cd by the main cultivars. The study on the tolerance and detoxification mechanism of different tolerance and cumulative castor varieties to Cd and the regulation of different kinds of organic acids on their Cd accumulation were studied in the 3 aspects of antioxidant enzyme activity, Cd subcellular septum and subcellular Cd morphology. The results are as follows: there are significant differences in the growth response and tolerance of 1.12 castor varieties to different concentrations of Cd stress. Through the comprehensive evaluation of relative plant height, relative root length, relative chlorophyll content, relative aboveground biomass and relative underground biomass, principal component analysis, average membership function analysis and cluster analysis are used. 12 varieties of castor species can be divided into two types of high tolerance and low tolerance, of which 5 castor varieties are high tolerance varieties, 7 castor varieties are low tolerance varieties.2. under different concentrations of Cd stress, the order of Cd in the upper castor ground is: stem leaves. The accumulation of Cd in the upper part of different castor species is significantly different, according to the upper castor ground The difference of Cd accumulation can be divided into two types of high accumulation and low accumulation of castor species, which can be combined with the tolerance of castor bean. 12 castor varieties can be divided into low tolerance, low accumulation, low and high accumulation, 4 types of high tolerance, low accumulation and high accumulation resistance, and 4 kinds of.3. tolerant accumulative castor species with high tolerance to the antioxidant defense mechanism of Cd under different.Cd stresses The antioxidant enzyme activity of tongcastor No. 5 and Tongan No. 6 was significantly higher than that of the low tolerance variety Jinyou 2 and zhe castor No. 2. With the increase of Cd stress, the activity of SOD, POD and CAT remained unchanged or increased, and the reactive oxygen species produced by stress were removed in time; the activity of SOD, POD and CAT under the high concentration of Cd stress was affected by the low tolerance Cd. The accumulated active oxygen can not be removed in time. With the increase of Cd stress concentration, the activity of SOD, POD and CAT in high accumulative leaves is higher than that of low accumulative varieties. The activity of SOD and POD in root is lower than that of low accumulative varieties. The antioxidant defense mechanism of different organs of the same castor species is different, and the antioxidant enzyme activity of the leaves is significant. Higher than root; catalase (CAT) may play a leading role in the antioxidant stress of castor root, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) may play a leading role in the anti oxidative defense of castor leaf..4. different tolerance accumulative castor species distribution to the subcellular region of Cd and the chemical form of subcellular Cd, and.Cd in castor subthin. The order of cell content was cell wall cell organelles, and the low tolerance variety Shanxi Cd was cell wall organelles in the order of castor subcellular content, and the distribution of Cd in the low tolerance variety Jinyou 2 and zhe castor No. 2 was higher than that of Tongan 5 and tongcastor 6 cell organelle. The distribution ratio of Cd in the soluble components of high accumulative variety Jin castor No. 2 and tongcastor No. 6 was higher than that in the soluble components of zhe castor 2 and Tongan 5. The low tolerance variety Jinyou 2 and zhe castor 2 were mainly extracted from the extraction state of ethanol and deionized water, and the high tolerance was high. The leaves of the cultivar were in the presence of low activity of acetic acid; the content of Cd in the root residue of low accumulative varieties was higher, and the content of Cd in the deionized water of high accumulative varieties was higher. The extraction state of the deionized water was responsible for the transport of Cd from the root of castor to the ground, and the residue State restricted the enrichment of Cd by the application of organic acid to the transport.5. from the root to the ground. The control effect of transport capacity was different from the varieties of organic acids, castor varieties and organs. The order of the effect of organic acids on Cd transport and enrichment ability of different castor bean varieties was: Tongan No. 6, No. 2 tongcastor No. 5, No. 2 of zhe castor, tongcastor, and the order of Cd transport and enrichment in castor leaf and stem was EDTACATA, The effect of root effect was that the effect of organic acids on the biomass and total Cd accumulation of castor plant with EDTA TACA.6. increased the toxicity of Cd to castor plant by different kinds of organic acids and different concentrations of.EDTA, but Tongan 5 and Tongan 6 showed good EDTA tolerance. Low concentration of CA and TA could alleviate the toxicity of Cd to castor bean and increase castor The biomass of hemp, with the increasing.Lmmol/kg EDTA of Tongan 5 and Tongan No. 6, can significantly increase the total Cd accumulation of Shanxi castor No. 2 and reach 70.82 g/ strain; 1 mmol/kg CA can significantly increase the total Cd accumulation of Tongyou No. 5, and reach 49.77 mu g/ strain; 5 mmol/kg EDTA can significantly increase the total Cd accumulation of Tongan 6, up to 102.88 mu g/ plant; organic The effect of acid on the total Cd accumulation of zhe castor No. 2 was weak.

【學位授予單位】：內蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S565.6

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