發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-31 13:46

【摘要】：高功率全光纖激光器的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)主要有:半導(dǎo)體泵浦源技術(shù),雙包層光纖技術(shù),光纖耦合技術(shù),光纖光柵及終端輸出技術(shù)。其中,光纖耦合技術(shù)作為激光器的核心技術(shù)之一,其目的是要將泵浦光或信號(hào)光高效地耦合到雙包層光纖�？偟膩碚f,光纖耦合技術(shù)主要有兩種:錐形光纖束端面耦合技術(shù)和側(cè)面光纖耦合技術(shù)。然而,目前用于高功率條件下的光纖耦合器大多需要國外進(jìn)口。因此,研制國產(chǎn)高功率光纖器件及基于國產(chǎn)器件的高功率光纖激光器對(duì)中國光纖激光技術(shù)的發(fā)展具有重要的戰(zhàn)略意義。主要對(duì)幾種特殊波導(dǎo)光纖的模場特性、錐形光纖束端面光纖耦合技術(shù)和側(cè)面光纖耦合技術(shù)進(jìn)行了理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。本論文的主要研究內(nèi)容和成果包括以下幾個(gè)方面:1、利用光束傳播法分析了彎曲光纖、錐形光纖和熱擴(kuò)芯光纖的模場分布特性及光束傳輸特性,并采用熱擴(kuò)芯技術(shù)研制出百瓦級(jí)光纖模場匹配器。首先,研究了大模場面積光纖的抗彎曲特性,并分析了由光纖彎曲導(dǎo)致的光場畸變。結(jié)果表明,光纖模式階數(shù)越高,對(duì)彎曲越敏感;光纖彎曲半徑越大、折射率差越小、芯徑越大,畸變?cè)絿?yán)重;其次,分析了錐形光纖的模場分布特性和低損耗拉錐條件。結(jié)果表明:對(duì)單模光纖,只要滿足絕熱拉錐條件就能獲得高的傳輸效率;而對(duì)多模光纖,影響其傳輸效率的因素主要是拉錐比;最后,重點(diǎn)對(duì)熱擴(kuò)芯光纖的模場分布特性進(jìn)行了研究。理論模擬和實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),與單模光纖相比,熱擴(kuò)芯時(shí)大模場面積光纖的模場直徑增大的更快。另外,對(duì)光束在熱擴(kuò)芯光纖中的傳輸特性的分析結(jié)果表明,即使實(shí)現(xiàn)了不同光纖模場直徑之間的匹配,光纖模場匹配器的傳輸損耗依然存在。實(shí)驗(yàn)上采用6/125μm單模光纖和15/130μm大模場面積光纖自行研制了百瓦級(jí)光纖模場匹配器,其通光效率74%,承受功率大于100W,性能優(yōu)于市場上同等規(guī)格的商用光纖模場匹配器。最后,熱擴(kuò)芯技術(shù)還可用于光纖耦合器的制備。2、基于熱擴(kuò)芯技術(shù),提出一種針對(duì)大包層-纖芯比準(zhǔn)單模光纖功率合束的方法——過渡光纖法,解決了高功率單模光纖激光器模塊的功率合束問題,并研制了千瓦級(jí)N×1型泵浦光合束器及信號(hào)光合束器。首先,對(duì)N×1型泵浦光纖合束器進(jìn)行了理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究�；�于Vytran GPX系列光纖處理平臺(tái),采用錐形光纖束石英套管法,制作完成了3×1、7×1、19×1及61×1四種高功率泵浦光纖合束器;其次,對(duì)N×1型單模信號(hào)光纖能量合束器進(jìn)行了理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。分析了7×1單模信號(hào)光纖能量合束器的模場分布和光傳輸特性,重點(diǎn)分析了空間瞬態(tài)對(duì)合束器傳輸效率的影響。采用基于熱擴(kuò)芯技術(shù)的過渡光纖法制備了7×1型信號(hào)光合束器,并將7路600W單模激光合束,獲得了4k W的激光輸出。3、自主研制了高功率(N+1)×1型側(cè)面泵浦光耦合器,并采用自行研制的側(cè)面泵浦光耦合器,搭建了側(cè)面多點(diǎn)泵浦全光纖結(jié)構(gòu)主振蕩功率放大器。首先,對(duì)熔錐型側(cè)面泵浦光耦合器進(jìn)行了理論研究,實(shí)驗(yàn)上采用石墨燈絲加熱法研制出了(2+1)×1熔錐型側(cè)面泵浦光耦合器,該耦合器的耦合效率為94%,單臂可承受200W泵浦功率;其次,對(duì)角度磨拋側(cè)面熔接泵浦光耦合器進(jìn)行了理論分析與模擬。實(shí)驗(yàn)上采用CO2激光熔接的方式,自行研制了(1+1)×1型角度磨拋側(cè)面泵浦光耦合器,該耦合器的耦合效率高達(dá)97%,信號(hào)光插損小于2%,可承受最高140W的泵浦功率;最后,對(duì)側(cè)面多點(diǎn)泵浦耦合方式下光纖放大器的光功率分布進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬,分析了側(cè)面分布泵浦耦合方式下單個(gè)耦合器的性能以及耦合器的分布方式對(duì)光纖放大器效率的影響。4、基于主振蕩功率放大結(jié)構(gòu),采用自行研制的N×1型泵浦光合束器,搭建了千瓦級(jí)摻Y(jié)b雙包層光纖放大器。分析了激光器的熱效應(yīng)及影響激光器輸出光束質(zhì)量的因素。最終獲得了穩(wěn)定的1.02k W基模連續(xù)激光輸出和較好的光束質(zhì)量M2=1.07,并制作了激光器樣機(jī)用于金屬切割。另外,采用自行研制的角度磨拋側(cè)面泵浦光耦合器,搭建了側(cè)面多點(diǎn)泵浦、摻Y(jié)b雙包層光纖主振蕩功率放大器。實(shí)驗(yàn)上,采用8個(gè)級(jí)聯(lián)(1+1)×1型側(cè)面泵浦光耦合器對(duì)放大級(jí)光纖進(jìn)行泵浦,最終獲得了303W的功率輸出,激光器放大級(jí)光-光轉(zhuǎn)換效率達(dá)到57%。
[Abstract]:The key technologies of high power all fiber laser are: semiconductor pump, double clad fiber, fiber coupling, fiber Bragg grating and terminal output. Among them, optical fiber coupling technology is one of the core technologies of laser. The aim is to effectively coupling the pump light or signal light to double clad fiber. There are two main kinds of optical fiber coupling technology: cone fiber beam end coupling technology and side fiber coupling technology. However, most of the optical fiber couplers used in high power conditions need to be imported abroad. Therefore, the development of domestic high power fiber devices and high power rate fiber laser based on domestic devices for Chinese optical fiber laser technology is developed. The main research contents and results in this paper are as follows: 1, the bending fiber and conical fiber are analyzed by the beam propagation method. The mode field distribution characteristics and beam transmission characteristics of the hot diffused core fiber are presented, and a 100 watt fiber mode field matching device is developed with the heat expansion core technology. First, the anti bending characteristics of the large mode field area fiber are studied and the optical field distortion caused by the optical fiber bending is analyzed. The results show that the higher the mode order of the fiber is, the more sensitive to the bending and the fiber bending. The larger the radius, the smaller the refractive index difference, the larger the core diameter, the more serious the distortion. Secondly, the mode field distribution and the low loss taper condition of the conical fiber are analyzed. The results show that the high transmission efficiency can be obtained by satisfying the adiabatic taper condition for the single mode fiber, and the main factors affecting the transmission efficiency of the multimode fiber are the taper ratio; finally, the factors that affect the transmission efficiency are the last. The distribution characteristics of the mode field of the hot expanding core fiber are studied. The theoretical simulation and experimental results show that the mode field diameter of the large mode field area fiber increases faster than the single mode fiber. In addition, the analysis results of the transmission characteristics of the beam in the thermal diffuser fiber show that even the diameter of the different optical fiber field is realized. The transmission loss of the optical fiber mode field matcher still exists. In the experiment, the 6/125 mu m single mode fiber and the 15/130 mu m field area fiber are used to develop a 100 watts mode field matching device. The optical efficiency is 74%, the power is more than 100W, and the performance is better than the same specification in the market. Finally, the hot expanding core technology It can also be used in the preparation of.2 for fiber couplers. Based on the technology of thermal expansion, a method of transition fiber is proposed, which aims at the high power bundle of core ratio quasi single mode fiber power beam. The power closing of high power single-mode fiber laser module is solved, and a kilowatt level N x 1 type pump beam splitter and a signal beam splitter are developed. The theoretical and experimental study of the N * 1 pump fiber beam splitter is carried out. Based on the Vytran GPX series optical fiber processing platform, the tapered fiber bundle quartz casing method is used to make 3 x 1,7 x 1,19 x 1 and 61 x 1 four high power pumping fiber bundles. Secondly, the theoretical and experimental Study on the N x 1 single mode signal light fiber energy beam splitter is carried out. The mode field distribution and optical transmission characteristics of the 7 x 1 single mode signal optical fiber energy beam splitter are analyzed. The effect of space transient on the transmission efficiency is analyzed. The 7 x 1 type of signal beam splitter is prepared by the transition fiber method based on the thermal expansion technology, and the laser output.3 of the 7 600W single mode laser is obtained, and the independent development of the laser output.3 is obtained. The high power (N+1) x 1 side pump coupler and the self developed side pump optical coupler have built the side multipoint pumped all fiber structure main oscillating power amplifier. First, the taper profile side pump coupler was theoretically studied. In the experiment, the (2+1) x 1 conical side profile was developed by the graphite filament heating method. The coupling efficiency of the pump coupler is 94%, the single arm can withstand the power of 200W pump. Secondly, the angle grinding and throwing side weld pump coupler is theoretically analyzed and simulated. In the experiment, a (1+1) x 1 angle grinding side pump coupler is developed by CO2 laser welding, and the coupling efficiency of the coupler is developed. Up to 97%, the signal light insertion loss is less than 2%, can withstand the maximum 140W pump power. Finally, the optical power distribution of the fiber amplifier under the side multi point pump coupling mode is numerically simulated, and the performance of the single coupler and the influence of the coupling device distribution mode on the efficiency of the fiber amplifier are analyzed by the side distribution pump coupling mode.4, Based on the main oscillator power amplification structure, a self developed N x 1 type pump beam splitter is used to build a kilowatt class Yb double cladding fiber amplifier. The thermal effect of the laser and the factors affecting the output beam quality of the laser are analyzed. Finally, the stable 1.02k W base mode continuous excitation output and the better beam quality M2=1.07 are obtained. The laser prototype is used for metal cutting. In addition, the side multipoint pump and Yb double cladding fiber main oscillating power amplifier are built by the self developed angle grinding and polishing side pump optical coupler. In the experiment, 8 cascaded (1+1) x 1 side pump optical couplers are used to pump the magnified fiber, and the power of 303W is finally obtained. Output, laser amplifier, optical to optical conversion efficiency of 57%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TN248

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