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  本文關鍵詞： 調(diào)解 大調(diào)解 制度調(diào)適 維穩(wěn)　出處：《復旦大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：以市場經(jīng)濟為導向的改革開放為中國社會的多元化做出了貢獻,令人驚嘆的經(jīng)濟奇跡就直接得益于這種多元化。但是,另一方面,由于社會控制的松動,多元化又誘發(fā)了大量的罪案和群體性事件。它們向公共秩序的維護提出了挑戰(zhàn)。國家應對不穩(wěn)定的政策很多,其中,改革傳統(tǒng)的調(diào)解制度以適應日益嚴峻的維穩(wěn)壓力,是一項引人注目的工作。 盛行于當代的調(diào)解制度在延安時期就有實踐,正式制度化則始于1954年《人民調(diào)解委員會暫行組織通則》的頒布。在改革開放以前,調(diào)解在基層社會擔綱著重要的解紛功能,這些功能既有社會的也有政治的。早在上世紀60年代,有學者就撰文指出,調(diào)解是中國共產(chǎn)黨貫徹自己政治主張的重要途徑,調(diào)解制度貫徹共產(chǎn)黨改造社會的政治功能遠遠超過調(diào)解制度解決糾紛的社會功能；通過建立普遍的調(diào)解制度,國家和社會就被緊密地整合在一起,使得國家機構較之傳統(tǒng)中國具有更強的控制力。然而,90年代以來,中國社會發(fā)生了巨大的變化,各種社會關系始終處于解體與重建中：一方面,傳統(tǒng)的社會控制手段逐漸乏力,對社會秩序的維護效力正在下降；另一方面,轉型社會的利益分化越益多元,社會不平等加劇。這些變化都向傳統(tǒng)的調(diào)解制度提出了挑戰(zhàn)。 “大調(diào)解”改革是國家基于對社會秩序的擔憂而作出的積極回應�！按笳{(diào)解”的制度改革的核心內(nèi)容包括整合傳統(tǒng)的調(diào)解形式,由黨委和政府統(tǒng)一領導,強化司法機關的調(diào)解職能,擴大行政機構的調(diào)解權限,等等。大調(diào)解機制自基層肇始,隨著中央相關文件的下發(fā)和推廣,大調(diào)解繼而作為一項運動在全國范圍內(nèi)展開。2011年4月,中共中央社會治安綜合治理委員會、最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院等16部委聯(lián)合印發(fā)了《關于深入推進矛盾糾紛大調(diào)解工作的指導意見》,標志著大調(diào)解工作被全國化、制度化。按照學者的理解,大調(diào)解與傳統(tǒng)調(diào)解的不同之處在于：前者突破了過去人民調(diào)解由司法行政部門歸口管理的體制限制,形成了黨委政府統(tǒng)一領導、政法綜治牽頭協(xié)調(diào)、調(diào)處中心具體負責、司法行政部門業(yè)務指導、職能部門共同參與、社會各界整體聯(lián)動的社會矛盾調(diào)解新格局。 然而,作為一項維護政治穩(wěn)定的基本政策,大調(diào)解所遵循的解紛標準以及由此承載的社會功能,從調(diào)解制度誕生直到今天,實則自始自終貫徹著國家的政治目的�！按笳{(diào)解”的改革并沒能實現(xiàn)對傳統(tǒng)調(diào)解的制度超越,不同之處在于,它比傳統(tǒng)的調(diào)解形式更具有強制性,范圍更廣,滲透更深。這種制度調(diào)適對中國正在推行的市場經(jīng)濟改革、司法改革以及政治發(fā)展,都會帶來某些消極的、有悖初衷的后果�；�于這種考慮,本文對大調(diào)解的改革提出如下幾點對策建議：政府應當有序地從調(diào)解過程中撤出,由司法機關承擔更多的解紛任務,將調(diào)解行為盡可能地納入法治軌道；鼓勵更多的民間機構從事底層社會矛盾的調(diào)解工作,使調(diào)解機構中立化,減少對政府的依附；減少對民間的滲透,減少對矛盾糾紛的干預,發(fā)揮草根社會單元的作用,讓社會自我消化矛盾,由此培養(yǎng)社會自我管理的能力。
[Abstract]:With the market oriented reform has contributed to the diversification of social Chinese, amazing economic miracle will directly benefit from this diversification. But, on the other hand, due to loosening of social control, diversification and induced a large number of events and crime groups. They put forward a challenge to the maintenance of public order of the country. To deal with the instability of many policies, among them, the reform of the traditional mediation system in order to adapt to the increasingly severe pressure dimension stability, is an impressive work.
Popular in the contemporary conciliation system in Yanan during the period of practice, was institutionalized in 1954 "people's mediation committee issued interim organization general >. Before the reform and opening up, mediation in rural society featuring the important functions of dispute resolution, the function of both social and political. In the early 60s, a scholars have pointed out that mediation is an important way to implement their own Chinese Communist political opinion, implement the mediation system transformation of the Communist Party of social political function is far more than the mediation system to resolve disputes through the establishment of universal social function; the mediation system, the state and society are closely together, making the national institutions has more than the traditional China control. However, since 90s, great changes have taken place in China society, all kinds of social relations is always in disintegration and reconstruction: on the one hand, the traditional The means of social control are gradually weakening, and the effectiveness of maintaining social order is decreasing. On the other hand, the interests of social transformation in the transformation society are more diversified and the social inequality is increasing. All these changes have challenged traditional mediation system.
The "big mediation" reform is a positive response to the social order based on national concerns made. "The core content of reform of the system of mediation" includes the integration of traditional forms of mediation, the unified leadership of the Party committee and government, strengthen the judicial mediation function, expand the administrative mediation authority, from the grass-roots mediation mechanism and so on. With the onset, development and promotion of the relevant documents under the mediation and then as a campaign launched in April.2011 in the country, the Committee of the CPC Central Committee for comprehensive management of social security, the Supreme People's court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate and other 16 ministries jointly issued "guidance on about advancing the disputes mediation work. Marked by the national mediation work, institutionalization. In accordance with the understanding of different scholars, mediation and traditional mediation is a breakthrough in the past: the former people's mediation by the judicial The system of the administrative department of centralized management, the formation of the unified leadership of the Party committee and government, and comprehensive management of lead coordination, mediation center responsible for judicial and administrative departments, business guidance, participation of departments, the new pattern of social contradictions mediation community interaction.
However, as a basic policy to maintain political stability, followed by the mediation dispute resolution and the standard of the social functions of the mediation system from birth until today, actually all along to implement a national political purpose. Reform of "mediation" and failed to achieve the traditional mediation system beyond, the difference is that it with more than a traditional form of mandatory mediation, a wider range, greater penetration. The market economy reform this system adjustment to the Chinese is carrying out the judicial reform and political development, will bring some negative consequences, against the original. Based on this consideration, this paper puts forward reform of mediation following suggestions: the government should be orderly from the process of mediation withdrawal by the judicial organ to undertake more dispute mediation task, behavior as much as possible into the orbit of rule of law; to encourage private institutions more In the bottom of the social conflict mediation, the mediation mechanism of neutrality, less dependent on government; reduce the permeability of the folk, to reduce conflicts and disputes play intervention, grass-roots social unit, social self digestion contradiction, thus to cultivate the ability of social self management.

【學位授予單位】：復旦大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D926

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本文編號：1481071