發(fā)布時間：2019-03-20 08:11

【摘要】：作為一種新型商事交易的結(jié)算和融資手段,保理為國際貿(mào)易賒銷提供了賬款分賬戶管理、賬款催收、壞賬擔(dān)保和資金融通等綜合性金融服務(wù)。由于既能迎合進(jìn)口商延期付款訴求,又能滿足出口商匯攏資金的要求,保理,特別是國際保理在全球貿(mào)易結(jié)算中的份額不斷上升。應(yīng)收賬款作為一般債權(quán),其在金融貿(mào)易中的交換價(jià)值和利用價(jià)值日趨顯現(xiàn),而國際保理中應(yīng)收賬款的轉(zhuǎn)讓首當(dāng)其沖體現(xiàn)債的利用價(jià)值,所以應(yīng)收賬款的轉(zhuǎn)讓對債務(wù)人和第三人的效力來說實(shí)際上是具有物權(quán)效力的規(guī)范。在日趨活躍的金融大環(huán)境下,債的安全性需要讓位于債的流動性,使國際保理中的應(yīng)收賬款更多的具有準(zhǔn)物權(quán)性,增加債的對世性,以彌補(bǔ)債的相對性,隨著國際保理中應(yīng)收賬款利用價(jià)值的提高,應(yīng)收賬款變動對第三人的影響也逐漸增多,如何處理國際保理中應(yīng)收賬款轉(zhuǎn)讓的權(quán)利沖突問題迫在眉睫。為實(shí)現(xiàn)債權(quán)受讓的善意第三人與進(jìn)口商的利益平衡,探索應(yīng)收賬款的準(zhǔn)物權(quán)化路徑,本文擬針對保理業(yè)務(wù)中適用更為廣泛的國際保理業(yè)務(wù),結(jié)合各國國際保理法制現(xiàn)狀和立法趨勢,以國際保理應(yīng)收賬款的準(zhǔn)物權(quán)化路徑為著眼點(diǎn),對國際保理中應(yīng)收賬款的權(quán)利沖突和法律適用問題展開探討,并從建立國際保理公證制度以及信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)制度等方面,對我國國際保理制度和保理相關(guān)法律法規(guī)等完善提出建議,為我國貿(mào)易出口和金融界拓展保理業(yè)務(wù)提供參考,促進(jìn)國際保理在我國金融實(shí)踐中的發(fā)展。本文分為四部分。第一,針對國際保理的法律性質(zhì)及法律關(guān)系,結(jié)合各國和各個國際組織對國際保理的相關(guān)規(guī)定,介紹了國際保理的概況和定義,并主要就國際保理債權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓的法律性質(zhì)以及各國對債權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓的無因性和獨(dú)立性等問題進(jìn)行了分析。第二,國際保理應(yīng)收賬款的準(zhǔn)物權(quán)化價(jià)值研究,從債權(quán)融資發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會根源以及國際保理準(zhǔn)物權(quán)化的現(xiàn)實(shí)價(jià)值等問題進(jìn)行了探討,重點(diǎn)闡述國際保理中應(yīng)收賬款的權(quán)利沖突問題。第三,完善我國國際保理應(yīng)收賬款準(zhǔn)物權(quán)化路徑的設(shè)想,為了明確國際保理中各方當(dāng)事人的權(quán)責(zé)承擔(dān),保護(hù)第三人權(quán)益,通過對典型案例的分析,對包括保理商的適當(dāng)注意義務(wù),保理商的誠實(shí)信用義務(wù)以及供應(yīng)商的通知義務(wù)在內(nèi)的國際保理各方當(dāng)事人的角色定位進(jìn)行了討論。第四,完善我國保理準(zhǔn)物權(quán)化制度的建議,主要包括建立保理公證制度實(shí)現(xiàn)保理合同強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行效力、建立多層次信用與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評級制度以防范債務(wù)人信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、建立保理融資的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)補(bǔ)償制度等三方面。
[Abstract]:As a new method of settlement and financing for commercial transactions factoring provides comprehensive financial services such as account sub-account management account collection bad debt guarantee and financing for international trade on credit. Factoring, in particular international factoring, is a growing share of global trade settlements as it caters to importers' demands for deferred payments as well as exporters' demands for money to be remitted. As a general creditor's right, the exchange value and utilization value of accounts receivable in financial and trade appear day by day, while the transfer of accounts receivable in international factoring bears the brunt of the utilization value of debt. Therefore, the transfer of accounts receivable is actually a norm with the effect of real right for the effect of debtors and third parties. In the increasingly active financial environment, the security of the debt needs to give way to the liquidity of the debt, make the accounts receivable in the international factoring more quasi-property rights, increase the antiquity of the debt, in order to make up for the relativity of the debt, With the increase of the utilization value of accounts receivable in international factoring, the influence of the change of accounts receivable on the third party is increasing gradually. How to deal with the conflict of rights in the transfer of accounts receivable in international factoring is urgent. In order to balance the interests of bona fide third party and importer, and to explore the way of quasi-property right of accounts receivable, this paper intends to apply more extensive international factoring business to factoring business. Based on the current situation of international factoring legal system and the trend of legislation in various countries, this paper focuses on the quasi-property rights of international factoring accounts receivable, and discusses the conflict of rights and the application of laws in international factoring. From the aspects of establishing the international factoring notarization system and the credit risk evaluation system, the author puts forward some suggestions on the perfection of the international factoring system and the related laws and regulations of factoring in China, which can provide reference for the expansion of factoring business in China's trade export and financial circles. To promote the development of international factoring in China's financial practice. This paper is divided into four parts. First, in the light of the legal nature and legal relations of international factoring, this paper introduces the general situation and definition of international factoring in the light of the relevant provisions of States and international organizations on international factoring, It also analyzes the legal nature of the transfer of international factoring claims and the non-causation and independence of the transfer of claims in various countries. Second, the research on the quasi-real right value of international factoring accounts receivable, from the economic and social root of the development of creditor's rights financing and the realistic value of international factoring quasi-real right, etc. This paper focuses on the conflict of rights of accounts receivable in international factoring. Third, perfect our country international factoring accounts receivable quasi-real right path assumption, in order to clarify the rights and responsibilities of all parties in international factoring, protect the rights and interests of the third party, through the analysis of typical cases, The roles of the parties to international factoring, including the due diligence obligation of the factor, the good faith obligation of the factor and the notification obligation of the supplier, are discussed. Fourthly, the suggestions of perfecting the system of factoring quasi-real right include establishing factoring notarization system to realize the enforcement effect of factoring contract, establishing multi-level credit and risk rating system to prevent debtors credit risk. Establish the risk compensation system of factoring financing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D996.2;D922.28

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