《全唐文》公文研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-05 12:42
【摘要】：《全唐文》是一部欽定敕撰、以唐五代文為輯錄對象的斷代全集。編修活動始于清嘉慶十三年(1808),完成于十九年(1814),100多名翰林學(xué)士花費7年心血編纂而成。全書共10卷,收錄了唐代3035位作者的20025篇文章。后來,光緒年間的著名學(xué)者陸心源在《唐文拾遺》、《唐文續(xù)拾》中又輯錄了 2871篇。以上三部書合計,共收唐文22896篇,其中詔令奏議等公文11427篇,占到50%。這是研究唐五代時期公文不可或缺的基本文獻。本論文是對《全唐文》公文進行的專題研究。從文本統(tǒng)計入手,通過大量具體文本的解讀,結(jié)合當時的社會狀況、政治形勢和公文運作制度及其他相關(guān)文獻,從文體學(xué)、史學(xué)、文學(xué)等角度對唐代公文做全面描述和研究。第一、二、三章以述為主,分別從作者、法典規(guī)定文種、實際政務(wù)使用文種等視角,介紹唐代公文的種類、時代變化、文體和作者分布等情況,印證或糾偏某些以往既定的唐代公文印象:制、敕、詔是唐詔令文書的主體,詔文用來發(fā)布重要政令,并未因避武則天的諱而消失,唐三百年一直未間斷使用且數(shù)量眾多,只是未列入唐法典規(guī)定的公文文體中;存在一些史書未記錄或不為人重視的文種,如詔意、委曲、別紙等;嚴格意義來說,奏抄并不能算是一個獨立文種,是尚書省對官員奏狀的預(yù)審核;判文中僅有少量的實判具有公文屬性;“札”文體在唐朝而非宋朝發(fā)展定型,五代十國已經(jīng)廣泛使用。第四章著重探討公文發(fā)展及公文所處社會的特點。唐朝公文在各個時期有所變化:初盛唐重視王言,制敕之文講究詞采;中唐公文務(wù)實,內(nèi)容多與朝政改革有關(guān)。奏議在古文運動的影響下,駢散融合,用語逐漸走向通俗化;晚唐又回到駢文的道路,文筆更加洗煉流暢,論述更加深刻明確,頗具說服力和感染力。駢文一直是唐朝公文的主流,盡管中唐時期有很多散體創(chuàng)作,并未影響到公文整體的寫作面貌。公文各文體在唐也有變化:詔令文書分化出誥、赦文、德音和批答等亞文種,敕文功能愈加強大;奏議文書中表、狀占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位,盛唐以后狀文替代某些表文功能;晚唐中央權(quán)力減弱,詔令文書大幅減少,幕府公文迅速發(fā)展,出現(xiàn)眾多新文種。伴隨著藩鎮(zhèn)制度的形成,朝廷禮制公文減少,地方官場應(yīng)酬公文增多。第五章從哲學(xué)、政治制度、史學(xué)幾個方面對演變原因進行詮釋。受儒家思想的影響,古代公文體系存在著差序格局:以皇帝為中心,詔令文書、奏議文書和官府文書由內(nèi)而外擴散,價值序列層層遞減;以開元十一年為界,中書門下體制形成,公文文體發(fā)生巨大變化,敕牒出現(xiàn)并大量使用,奏狀替代奏抄成為主體公文;為高度適應(yīng)政務(wù),唐形成一套完整的文書運行體制,并隨著中樞體制的變化和地方行政管理機構(gòu)的變革而調(diào)整。余論簡要論述了唐代公文獨特的風(fēng)貌對當下的啟示。文以載道,士人擔負著為天下開太平的使命,這恰恰是現(xiàn)在知識分子一脈相承的使命。責(zé)任擔當、砥礪前行的士人精神,在公文中一覽無遺。這種士人精神需要繼續(xù)傳承下去。
[Abstract]:"Whole Tang Wen" is an imperial edict written in the Tang Dynasty and five generations. The compilation of the works began in the thirteen years (1808) of the Qing Jiaqing (1808), completed in nineteen years (1814), more than 100 imperial bachelors spent 7 years codification. A total of 10 volumes included 20025 articles of the Tang Dynasty's 3035 writers. Later, the famous scholar Lu Xin of Guangxu period The source in "Tang Wen pickup >", "Tang Wen continued to pick up" and compiled 2871 pieces. The above three books combined, a total of 22896 pieces of Tang Wen, including the imperial edict and other documents 11427, which is an indispensable basic document for the study of the official documents of the Tang and Five Dynasties. This paper is a special study of the documents of the whole Tang Dynasty. The interpretation of specific text, combined with the social situation at that time, political situation and official document operation system and other related literature, from the perspective of stylistics, history, literature and other aspects of the Tang Dynasty official document to do a comprehensive description and study. First, second, the three chapter mainly, respectively from the author, the code rules and regulations, the actual government use of the literature and other perspectives, to introduce the Tang Dynasty document. The type, the change of the times, the style of style and the distribution of the author, and the impression that the system, the Edict and the imperial edict were the main body of the Tang imperial edict. The imperial edict was used to release the important decrees. It was not disappearing for avoiding the taboo of Wu Zetian. In the three hundred years of Tang Dynasty, it has been uninterrupted and has not been included in the code of Tang Dynasty. In the style of official documents, there are some kinds of texts that have not been recorded or ignored by the history books, such as edict, delegation, and paper. In the strict sense, it is not an independent language, it is the preview of the official form of the official in Shang Shu province; only a few of the facts in the sentence have the attribute of the official documents; the style of "Zart" is developed in the Tang Dynasty rather than in the Song Dynasty, five The fourth chapters have been widely used. Chapter 1 focuses on the development of official documents and the characteristics of the society in public documents. The official documents of the Tang Dynasty have changed in various periods: the Tang Dynasty attached great importance to Wang's speech, and the writing of the Tang Dynasty paid attention to the words; the official documents in the middle Tang Dynasty were pragmatic and the content was related to the reform of the government. The late Tang Dynasty went back to the way of the parallel prose, the literary style was more refined and fluent, the discussion was more profound, persuasive and infective. The parallel prose has been the mainstream of the Tang Dynasty, although there are many forms of prose writing in the middle Tang Dynasty, it did not affect the overall writing appearance of the official document. The function of Edict and criticism was more powerful; the function of the imperial edict was stronger; the table in the memorials was dominant, the form of the Tang Dynasty replaced some of the functions of the table; the central authority of the late Tang Dynasty weakened, the imperial edict documents were greatly reduced, the official documents of the shogunate developed rapidly, and many new texts appeared. With the formation of the feudal system, the official documents of the court were reduced, and the court was reduced. The fifth chapter explains the reasons for the evolution from the philosophy, the political system and the historiography. Influenced by the Confucianism, the ancient official document system has a differential pattern: the emperor is the center, the imperial edict documents, the memorials and the official documents are diffused from the inside to the outside, and the value sequence is gradually diminishing; with the opening of the yuan for eleven years, Under the formation of the system of the middle book door, the style of the official document changed greatly, the imperial edict appeared and used a lot, and the play form was used as the main official document. In order to adapt to the government affairs, Tang formed a complete set of document operation system, and adjusted with the change of the central system and the change of the local administrative organization. It is a mission to open peace for the world. This is precisely the mission of the intellectuals. Responsibility takes on the spirit of the scholar and has a clear view in the official document. The spirit of the scholar needs to continue to pass on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：C931.46
，
本文編號：2165830
[Abstract]:"Whole Tang Wen" is an imperial edict written in the Tang Dynasty and five generations. The compilation of the works began in the thirteen years (1808) of the Qing Jiaqing (1808), completed in nineteen years (1814), more than 100 imperial bachelors spent 7 years codification. A total of 10 volumes included 20025 articles of the Tang Dynasty's 3035 writers. Later, the famous scholar Lu Xin of Guangxu period The source in "Tang Wen pickup >", "Tang Wen continued to pick up" and compiled 2871 pieces. The above three books combined, a total of 22896 pieces of Tang Wen, including the imperial edict and other documents 11427, which is an indispensable basic document for the study of the official documents of the Tang and Five Dynasties. This paper is a special study of the documents of the whole Tang Dynasty. The interpretation of specific text, combined with the social situation at that time, political situation and official document operation system and other related literature, from the perspective of stylistics, history, literature and other aspects of the Tang Dynasty official document to do a comprehensive description and study. First, second, the three chapter mainly, respectively from the author, the code rules and regulations, the actual government use of the literature and other perspectives, to introduce the Tang Dynasty document. The type, the change of the times, the style of style and the distribution of the author, and the impression that the system, the Edict and the imperial edict were the main body of the Tang imperial edict. The imperial edict was used to release the important decrees. It was not disappearing for avoiding the taboo of Wu Zetian. In the three hundred years of Tang Dynasty, it has been uninterrupted and has not been included in the code of Tang Dynasty. In the style of official documents, there are some kinds of texts that have not been recorded or ignored by the history books, such as edict, delegation, and paper. In the strict sense, it is not an independent language, it is the preview of the official form of the official in Shang Shu province; only a few of the facts in the sentence have the attribute of the official documents; the style of "Zart" is developed in the Tang Dynasty rather than in the Song Dynasty, five The fourth chapters have been widely used. Chapter 1 focuses on the development of official documents and the characteristics of the society in public documents. The official documents of the Tang Dynasty have changed in various periods: the Tang Dynasty attached great importance to Wang's speech, and the writing of the Tang Dynasty paid attention to the words; the official documents in the middle Tang Dynasty were pragmatic and the content was related to the reform of the government. The late Tang Dynasty went back to the way of the parallel prose, the literary style was more refined and fluent, the discussion was more profound, persuasive and infective. The parallel prose has been the mainstream of the Tang Dynasty, although there are many forms of prose writing in the middle Tang Dynasty, it did not affect the overall writing appearance of the official document. The function of Edict and criticism was more powerful; the function of the imperial edict was stronger; the table in the memorials was dominant, the form of the Tang Dynasty replaced some of the functions of the table; the central authority of the late Tang Dynasty weakened, the imperial edict documents were greatly reduced, the official documents of the shogunate developed rapidly, and many new texts appeared. With the formation of the feudal system, the official documents of the court were reduced, and the court was reduced. The fifth chapter explains the reasons for the evolution from the philosophy, the political system and the historiography. Influenced by the Confucianism, the ancient official document system has a differential pattern: the emperor is the center, the imperial edict documents, the memorials and the official documents are diffused from the inside to the outside, and the value sequence is gradually diminishing; with the opening of the yuan for eleven years, Under the formation of the system of the middle book door, the style of the official document changed greatly, the imperial edict appeared and used a lot, and the play form was used as the main official document. In order to adapt to the government affairs, Tang formed a complete set of document operation system, and adjusted with the change of the central system and the change of the local administrative organization. It is a mission to open peace for the world. This is precisely the mission of the intellectuals. Responsibility takes on the spirit of the scholar and has a clear view in the official document. The spirit of the scholar needs to continue to pass on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：C931.46
，
本文編號：2165830
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