發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-31 16:48

【摘要】：炮塔等軍用裝備的性能高低在國防建設(shè)中具有舉足輕重的地位。但這些裝備通常處于非常惡劣的外部環(huán)境和復(fù)雜的工況中，工作時(shí)受到強(qiáng)烈振動(dòng)，容易引發(fā)各種問題，如瞄準(zhǔn)具損壞、緊固件斷裂或松脫、零部件磨損和疲勞損壞等，進(jìn)而影響射擊精度，甚至帶來事故或使裝備失去工作能力。因此有必要對(duì)其進(jìn)行振動(dòng)試驗(yàn)，找出潛在問題，進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)可靠性設(shè)計(jì)和最優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。然而長(zhǎng)期以來我國大型軍用裝備振動(dòng)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)的研制工作卻跟不上國防建設(shè)的需求，這種局面嚴(yán)重制約了我國的國防現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)。為滿足國防建設(shè)的需求，本文設(shè)計(jì)了一種應(yīng)用于大型軍用裝備的振動(dòng)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)，針對(duì)其重載、空間狹小等特點(diǎn)，結(jié)合各種激振器的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)和適用范圍，提出了液壓結(jié)合電磁激振的總體方案，其中液壓激振器承擔(dān)50Hz以下的低頻大振幅振動(dòng)，而電磁激振器負(fù)責(zé)50Hz以上的較高頻率小振幅振動(dòng)，本文重點(diǎn)研究了電磁激振部分。 本文首先通過查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料了解重載激振器的特點(diǎn)、發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及前景，并根據(jù)某炮塔激振試驗(yàn)臺(tái)的要求，結(jié)合各類激振器的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)和適用場(chǎng)合，設(shè)計(jì)了液壓結(jié)合電磁激振的總體方案，并提出以多模態(tài)諧振機(jī)構(gòu)的共振作用放大整體振幅的結(jié)構(gòu)方案。根據(jù)動(dòng)鐵式電磁激振器的工作原理，以電磁鐵為基礎(chǔ)，通過理論計(jì)算及有限元靜力分析和模態(tài)分析，設(shè)計(jì)了相應(yīng)的諧振機(jī)構(gòu)，完成了原理驗(yàn)證裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。利用Ansys對(duì)該裝置進(jìn)行電磁分析，得到了電磁激振器的靜態(tài)吸力特性曲線，反映了電磁吸力與工作氣隙和電流之間的關(guān)系。利用Matlab/Simulink分別建立該裝置的電路、磁路及機(jī)械運(yùn)動(dòng)部分的數(shù)學(xué)模型，其中電磁部分包含了非線性因素，機(jī)械部分是多模態(tài)系統(tǒng)，并通過仿真對(duì)該模型進(jìn)行了動(dòng)態(tài)特性分析，分析結(jié)果表明多模態(tài)系統(tǒng)具有放大幅值的作用。 針對(duì)多模態(tài)系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)波動(dòng)過大，且難以用反饋消除的缺陷，本文提出了逆模型補(bǔ)償控制方法，結(jié)合被控對(duì)象的具體情況，建立了幾種不同的逆模型，并分析了逆模型控制的有效性。仿真表明逆模型具有顯著作用，不僅可使輸出對(duì)輸入信號(hào)保持良好的跟隨性，且共振區(qū)的幅值得到較好補(bǔ)償，輸出響應(yīng)平穩(wěn)。由于逆模型的補(bǔ)償作用受模型參數(shù)準(zhǔn)確性的影響，本文通過改變各參數(shù)進(jìn)行仿真，得到了逆模型對(duì)各參數(shù)的敏感程度，，作為后續(xù)參數(shù)修正的依據(jù)。針對(duì)本課題設(shè)計(jì)了基于TMS320F2812的DSP應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)，利用Simulink的自動(dòng)代碼生成技術(shù)結(jié)合CCS的代碼開發(fā)調(diào)試功能將控制算法寫入DSP，實(shí)現(xiàn)電磁激振器的控制。由掃頻實(shí)驗(yàn)證明裝置存在多模態(tài)，并由此修正了模型參數(shù)；通過逆模型控制實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了逆模型控制對(duì)主模態(tài)共振頻率特性具有較好的補(bǔ)償作用。
[Abstract]:The performance of turret and other military equipment plays an important role in national defense construction. However, these equipment are usually in very bad external environment and complex working conditions, and are subjected to strong vibration while working, which can easily lead to various problems, such as sight damage, fastener breakage or loosening, parts wear and fatigue damage, etc. This will affect the accuracy of the shooting, even bring accidents or make the equipment incapacitated. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out vibration test to find out the potential problems and to realize reliability design and optimization design. However, for a long time, the development of large scale military equipment vibration test-bed in China has not kept up with the demand of national defense construction. This situation has seriously restricted the modernization of national defense in our country. In order to meet the needs of national defense construction, this paper designs a kind of vibration test-bed which is applied to large-scale military equipment. Aiming at its characteristics of heavy load and narrow space, combined with the advantages and disadvantages and applicable range of various vibration exciters, A general scheme of hydraulic combined electromagnetic excitation is proposed in which the hydraulic exciter is responsible for the low frequency and large amplitude vibration below 50Hz, while the electromagnetic exciter is responsible for the high frequency and small amplitude vibration above 50Hz. This paper focuses on the electromagnetic excitation part. In this paper, the characteristics, development status and prospect of heavy load vibration exciter are studied by referring to relevant literature. According to the requirements of a turret vibration test rig, the advantages and disadvantages of all kinds of vibration exciters are combined with the applicable situation. The overall scheme of hydraulic combined electromagnetic excitation is designed, and the structure scheme of amplifying the whole amplitude by the resonance action of multi-mode resonant mechanism is proposed. According to the working principle of the moving iron type electromagnetic vibration exciter, based on the electromagnet, through theoretical calculation, finite element static analysis and modal analysis, the corresponding resonant mechanism is designed, and the structure design of the principle verification device is completed. The static suction characteristic curve of the electromagnetic exciter is obtained by electromagnetic analysis with Ansys, which reflects the relationship between the electromagnetic suction and the working air gap and current. The mathematical models of the circuit, magnetic circuit and mechanical motion part of the device are established by using Matlab/Simulink, in which the electromagnetic part contains nonlinear factors, the mechanical part is a multi-modal system, and the dynamic characteristics of the model are analyzed by simulation. The results show that the multimodal system can amplify the amplitude. Aiming at the defect that the response of multimodal system is too fluctuating and it is difficult to eliminate it with feedback, this paper presents a compensation control method for inverse model. According to the concrete situation of the controlled object, several different inverse models are established. The effectiveness of inverse model control is analyzed. Simulation results show that the inverse model can not only make the output follow the input signal well, but also compensate the amplitude of the resonance region well, and the output response is stable. Because the compensation effect of the inverse model is affected by the accuracy of the parameters of the model, the sensitivity of the inverse model to each parameter is obtained by changing the parameters and the sensitivity of the inverse model to each parameter is obtained, which can be used as the basis for the subsequent revision of the parameters. A DSP application system based on TMS320F2812 is designed in this paper. The control algorithm is written into the DSP by using the automatic code generation technology of Simulink and the code development and debugging function of CCS to realize the control of the electromagnetic exciter. It is proved by the frequency sweep experiment that there are many modes in the device and the model parameters are corrected. The inverse model control experiment proves that the inverse model control can compensate the resonance frequency characteristics of the main mode.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TJ06;TB534.2

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