發(fā)布時間：2018-03-24 13:24

  本文選題：耕地保護　切入點：補償　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：耕地具有生產(chǎn)、生活、生態(tài)等多重屬性,亦是重要的戰(zhàn)略資源,一旦開發(fā)建設(shè),以上多數(shù)功能將會喪失。因此,耕地保護是法律義務(wù),更是政治任務(wù)。據(jù)國土資源部公布,2001年至2008年,我國耕地面積已由19.14億畝減少到18.257億畝。人地關(guān)系的矛盾也日益緊張,耕地后備資源不足,保護任務(wù)日漸沉重。就對耕地保護采取的補償激勵措施而言,由于對補償主體的界定模糊,補償方式的單一化,以及補償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)過低且核算缺乏科學(xué)全面的方法,導(dǎo)致耕地保護者得不到應(yīng)有的經(jīng)濟補償和激勵,耕地占用者無償或者以較低成本占用了有限的耕地,這既不利于耕地保護目標(biāo)的實現(xiàn),也影響著各利益相關(guān)者之間的和諧。且相關(guān)的補償法律法規(guī)與政策的缺失,也使得耕地保護補償工作的開展得不到強有力的支撐。這些問題的產(chǎn)生說明了我國目前耕地保護補償機制的不完善。要解決此問題,必須構(gòu)建成熟市場機制下的耕地保護補償體系,完善耕地保護制度與政策。這對實現(xiàn)農(nóng)地資源的優(yōu)化配置、保障農(nóng)民權(quán)益及有效保護耕地資源具有很重要的現(xiàn)實意義。本文從耕地保護補償、耕地保護外部性以及農(nóng)地產(chǎn)權(quán)體系的理論研究出發(fā),通過對比國外典型國家和地區(qū)耕地保護補償?shù)恼�策體系、實施環(huán)境與不同的補償機制模式,進而總結(jié)出可供我國借鑒的關(guān)于耕地保護補償?shù)亩喾N方式及全面的耕地保護補償價值核算體系。在此基礎(chǔ)上就當(dāng)前耕地保護補償?shù)目蚣荏w系,提出現(xiàn)行我國耕地保護補償機制的現(xiàn)狀、存在的問題,得出農(nóng)地產(chǎn)權(quán)的缺失、政府公共財政轉(zhuǎn)移支付力度弱及補償法律法規(guī)的不健全等是現(xiàn)行補償機制存在問題的原因。在實證部分,構(gòu)建耕地保護補償機制運行效果測算的指標(biāo)體系,從數(shù)量指標(biāo)(耕地保護系數(shù))、質(zhì)量指標(biāo)(耕地產(chǎn)出效益系數(shù)等)及執(zhí)行指標(biāo)(農(nóng)戶經(jīng)濟權(quán)益保護系數(shù))三方面測算現(xiàn)行補償政策的運行效果,得出目前耕地保護補償單一的貨幣補償方式無法抵擋農(nóng)地非農(nóng)化巨大的經(jīng)濟誘惑,也不足以彌補農(nóng)地減少過度使用農(nóng)藥、化肥使用量而帶來的減產(chǎn),需進一步提高補償標(biāo)準(zhǔn),這為成熟市場機制下耕地保護補償體系的建立提供真實有效的實證基礎(chǔ)。在分析耕地保護補償機制效率的基礎(chǔ)上,并借鑒國外市場經(jīng)濟發(fā)達(dá)國家耕地保護補償?shù)慕?jīng)驗,給出我國市場機制下耕地保護補償體系框架,采取貨幣補償、社會保障、農(nóng)業(yè)補貼及技術(shù)保障等多種方式結(jié)合的補償,將耕地的經(jīng)濟、社會、生態(tài)價值納入補償價值的核算中。最后給出保障該補償體系有效運行的發(fā)展路徑與政策建議。
[Abstract]:Cultivated land has many attributes, such as production, life, ecology and so on. It is also an important strategic resource. Once it is developed and built, most of the above functions will be lost. Therefore, cultivated land protection is a legal obligation. It is also a political task. According to the Ministry of Land and Resources, from 2001 to 2008, the area of cultivated land in China has been reduced from 1.914 billion mu to 1.8257 billion mu. The contradiction between man and land is increasingly tense, and the reserve resources of cultivated land are insufficient. The task of protection is becoming heavier and heavier. As far as the compensation incentive measures for cultivated land protection are concerned, the definition of compensation subject is vague, the compensation method is single, and the compensation standard is too low and the accounting lacks of scientific and comprehensive method. As a result, the cultivated land protectors do not get due economic compensation and incentives, and the cultivated land occupiers occupy the limited cultivated land free of charge or at a lower cost, which is not conducive to the realization of the goal of cultivated land protection. It also affects the harmony among the stakeholders. And the related compensation laws, regulations and policies are missing, It also makes the development of cultivated land protection and compensation work without strong support. The emergence of these problems shows that the current cultivated land protection and compensation mechanism in China is not perfect. To solve this problem, It is necessary to construct the cultivated land protection compensation system under the mature market mechanism and perfect the cultivated land protection system and policy. The protection of farmers' rights and interests and the effective protection of cultivated land resources are of great practical significance. This paper starts from the theoretical research on the protection and compensation of cultivated land, the externality of cultivated land protection and the system of farmland property rights. By comparing the policy system of cultivated land protection and compensation in typical foreign countries and regions, the environment and different compensation mechanism models are implemented. Then it summarizes the various ways of compensation for cultivated land protection and the comprehensive accounting system of compensation value for cultivated land protection, which can be used for reference in our country. On the basis of this, the current framework system of cultivated land protection and compensation is discussed. This paper puts forward the present situation and existing problems of the compensation mechanism for farmland protection in our country, and draws the conclusion that the lack of farmland property right, The weakness of government public finance transfer payment and the unsoundness of compensation laws and regulations are the reasons for the existing problems in the current compensation mechanism. In the empirical part, the index system for measuring the operational effect of cultivated land protection and compensation mechanism is constructed. The operational effect of the current compensation policy is estimated from three aspects: quantity index (cultivated land protection coefficient), quality index (cultivated land output benefit coefficient, etc.) and executive index (peasant household economic rights and interests protection coefficient). It is concluded that the single monetary compensation method of farmland protection compensation cannot resist the huge economic temptation of farmland conversion, nor is it sufficient to compensate for the reduction of production caused by the reduction of agricultural land from excessive use of pesticides and fertilizer use, and the need to further improve the compensation standard. This provides a real and effective empirical basis for the establishment of cultivated land protection compensation system under mature market mechanism. On the basis of analyzing the efficiency of cultivated land protection and compensation mechanism, and drawing lessons from the experience of developed countries in foreign market economy, This paper gives the framework of cultivated land protection and compensation system under the market mechanism of our country, which combines the compensation of monetary compensation, social security, agricultural subsidy and technical security, etc, in order to bring about the economy and society of cultivated land. Ecological value is included in the accounting of compensation value. Finally, the development path and policy suggestions to ensure the effective operation of the compensation system are given.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F323.211

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本文編號：1658493